The tenets. Islam The Religion and a Way of Life.

ISLAMThe tenets

IslamThe Religion and a Way of Life

MUHAMMAD THE PROPHET Born about 570 CE He is not seen as a

god or a savior He is the

messenger of God Received revelations

from angel Gabriel

THE BASIC TEACHINGS OF ISLAM Islam (surrender to the will of God)

is monotheistic,based on the belief in one God (Allah)

Based on the teachings of the QuranContain words of Allah

Are there any similarities to Judaism and Christianity?

FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM All Muslims accept five

duties 1. faith “There is no God

but Allah, and Muhammad is his messenger

2. daily prayer (5 times facing Mecca)

3. charity to the poor4. fasting during Ramadan

(9th month of Islamic calendar; Quran was revealed to Muhammad

5. hajj, or pilgrimage to Mecca (once in lifetime)

SOME OF MUHAMMAD’S TEACHINGS

Each person is responsible for their own behavior

All are should be humble, show mercy and give.

If you have nothing to give you can give a smile

All believers are spiritually equal Allah will judge each person and based

upon their actions, he will send them to heaven or hell for eternity.

Pilgrimage to Mecca (Hajj)

Pilgrims camp outside waiting to kiss

the Kaaba’s black stone

Kaaba

Built by Abraham

Reclaimed from pagan Arabs by Muhammad

The people march around seven times and then kiss the Black Stone.

Black Stone

The Hajj ends as a Muslim kisses this sacred stone in the Kaaba. Must be completed once in a Muslims lifetime. This Black Stone was left untouched by Mohammad when the 100 idols were destroyed in the Kabba

Jihad or Holy War

Some authorities add a sixth pillar:Jihad means active opposition to evil and injustice, more than literal warfare.

Muhammad Flees!•From Mecca to Medina in 622 and becomes the political leader and leads many to embrace the faith •This journey becomes known as the “hijra” a turning point for Islam

Muhammad the Prophet· Muhammad leads

10,000 back to Mecca and captures the city

· He destroys the idols in the Kaaba

· Unified Arabia by the time of his death in 632

Sources of Islamic Doctrine

• Koran/Quran (holy book): –114 suras, collections of Mohammed’s

teachings with no overall theme –Considered sacred word of God and is a

complete guide for life

Islam as a Way of Life •The Islamic system of law, called Sharia, regulated moral conduct, family life, business practices, government, and other aspects of a Muslim community.

•How do you convert to Islam?•Gradually learn about Islam•Must cite “there is no god but Allah, Muhammad is the messenger”

The World of Islam Today

The Schism: Division of Islam

Reasons: · Succession to Caliphate

(successor of Mohammed)

· Worldliness of Caliphs, discrimination against non-Arab Muslims

Sunnis and Shiites: Find Common Ground?

Iranian Shiite

Woman

Sought to communicate with God through meditation, fasting, and other rituals. These are the mystics of the Muslim world.

Believed that only descendents of Muhammad could become caliph. Believed descendents of Muhammad to be divinely inspired.

Believed caliph, or successor to Muhammad, should be chosen by leaders of the Muslim community. Viewed caliph as a leader, not as a religious authority.

SUFISHIITESSUNNI

Shortly after Muhammad’s death, divisions arose within Islam.

Movements Within Islam

Islam and its Women