SSndor CSOKE The Sumerian and Unal-Altaic elements in the Old $lavic languaEe 1979
Jul 02, 2015
SSndor CSOKE
The Sumerian and Unal-Altaicelements in the
Old $lavic languaEe
1979
tor'benelrninubinstn rz
9py:t g!J_!v :
<ONOSI CSCIMA SANtfOtrttArsasag * histoniscl-re gesellscl-raft e.v. * histonical
aoo(] munchen so (genrnany) I telefon: rosgt60crety
r50 45 84
TABI,E OF CONTENTS
Prcfaccttord StmcturcWord Formatlon
Thc feasstlon of Nouns
Thc Formatlon of AdJectlves and AdJectlveThe Formatlon of Advcrbs rtth $ufftxeaThc Vcrb SufftxThe Verbel Noun end lts SufflxPronouns
Thc Nunorals
The Fonnatlon of the Noun Sufflxthc Ptrsonel Pronoun SuffixDenonstratlve Pronoun SufflxesThc AdJeetlve $ufflx end the Cornparlson ofthc Verb Suffk and lts 0omponcnts
The Verbal Nouns
Thc PreflxcsPhonetlc HlstoryThe Vowclc
Epllogue
Blbllography
Sufflxes
AdJeetives
It5
5
18
25
27
3h
36
hI+
48
59
6L
6z
66
7B
84
86
Printed in theFeileral" Republlc of G E R M A lI Y
by COPY DRUCK 19a1ter R O T II
Arcisgtraase 66.- BOOO Milncher-40
FebruaryL9T9
120
r32L35
Ca6ka- Botoa
ItDerorlaLorlr' frol).rqrnda aqailsL Lhe !h:nrlri.ans has heen
clrculating on e 1,rr-1e scale ln Lhe ltleslern i^Jorld for approxlnately
a hrrntlred years. The oriql.nators ol t,hese attacks vrere the French
and t,hc Csrchs, followed by bhe Rumanians, iigllr5 and also the iingllslr.
fl.v thrir accrrs,itione , ttrey lnt,end Lo convince thc l,IesLern World that
l,tt.- fiunqarl;rn n.lLion i.n Lhe Carpat,hian lJasin and t,he lanube Valle,y is
a. laLer irrLluder, a rrforej,'n body" anon6 the faml1y of llurotr)ean
rrations, who fot, a ririllennluni has only cg.used troubl,e. Therefore,
thcy l,ropose to arrnihil-at.e fhese people or, if this ls not posslble,
to reduce their prwer bo a rnirlinuni ... Lhen lhere nould be peace ln
thaL part of Llre continr:nt.rr
Tibor l3arath, A Kulfoldi l,iagyarsag Ideofoqia
I,iontreal, 1975 (p. f95 )
Remarks bv Sindor Cscjke on bhls quotatlon
The Flnno-Ugric historians and linguicls ' In mui;llaLed Hungary
and in the West ale dedi;;teal supporters oi thls Lrend (ihe annj-hilation
of Hungary). The acts oi tnu ffngiists and-historlans l-n Hungary can be
overlooked for understandable reisons, (OnI1r those uho support the
Finno-Ugric tlreory are .ii""*A a chalr at the Unlversltles' Translator)
but that the Western nf"nt-Ugtf" Ilngulsts havo such tendencLes cannot be
understood.'lrltro is forcltg tf,; to bicorne the executioners of the natl-on?"'
In the follo,,ring pages, rlth undeniable evldence, I wl1l dlsprovc
the unsclentific historicil"ana llngulstlc statenents of the Indo-European
Iinguists.
IIILiFACU
The wrlLer of Lhls essay studl,:d from writton clocumolt:rtho larrguage call-ed rt01d sravicr whrch should actrrrr.ry be cal.lerirrOld Bulgarlanrr as lt was ln the 1est,.
Accordlng to hlrtorlograpfu antl ltnqulstlcs" 1rr the nlnLhcentury A.D., a Slavlc people setCled ln the terrl.tory of ljalorrJk&,the northerrr part of present-day Greece. The languaqe of Lhese 3lavsles used b.v the Lwo chrlstlan mrsslonarles, cyrrl and ,ieLhod. rr or,rnrto spread Chrlstlanlty amon4 the peolrle.
Llnlulsts exarrdned Lhe structure arr.l vocabular.y of thisJ"anguage and declared lC to be of Indo-Fluropean orlqin.
The wrlter of thrs essay exanr-ned the struct,ure arrd vocabrrr;rrryof thls lan4uaiio and he carlo to the conclusion that Old llulsnrlan __
more recently rr0l-d Slavl-crt - Ls actually ln lts structure a rruri
aAglutlnatlvo language and ?Ol or more of its vocabularly also hel.onrs
t9:"j:itl{ ._l -agslutlnattve Langua,qes .For ny 6xartnatlon r urcd the cssaya of H.H. Blelferdt: Altslavlsche
Gramatlk, publlshed br Haue/seerc, 196l-. rn the following pages, r presentto thc readcr t'hc results of thir examlnatLon. r gt,ate from Lhe beglnnlngfhat thc language ihlch Ls eallcd old slavie hag l"etters whl-eh do notorlSlnatr fron thc Greck but rhteh are identlcal to the lcttaru of the0opttc languagc" or cLsc thcy orLglnetc frrom the sarnc aouree lrom whleh the0recks borr.owcd thcl-r arphabrt. Hcr€ r present the Koptl.e charaeterg and theOrerk charactera. It x111 not be dlfflculb for the reader to see the bruth.Characters of the Koptlc lengrragcr
A- a
B-b['- g
A- a
e-cZ'"H 'e,30-ttt
l 'lrJX-ril-1M-n\l- "Z- kerxo-xfl-p
f-rC'"oT-tY - orrry
t 'on[ - kh,ch
Y- p"
Cd - B,?
C.A.t)' s
V-rb,$ - n,",
q -^h47 =h)L-;G - erk.J
-"lt = tr
Csokc-Botoe -3- csSke-Botos-z-
Characters of the Greek languagclO qa 'VI.-t<P=r ) -rt=e {r=n8*a '9-nE =c 1-r"5=a" o -o2'e 'I( - p
nX=th € -nL=I F -,t
6,5 =eT-r'D=iif-tX="ttY*p"Ld =odu=u
TIORD STNUCTURE
?hc mltlng ayrtco of thc Old fllavle Language.
cf. Blrlfeld| Op. Ctt. p.24
The reader doos not need any speclallzed knorlcdgc to be ablc toco&pare the forms of the charactcrs of thesc languages. Hc w111 coac tothe concluslon thnt the characters of the rr0ld $lavicrr languagg are cLoger
to the Koptlc characterg than to the Greek. Fron thls fact xe nay drarr
far-reachlng conclusions ...
(Translatorrs Note: Fron tfuae to tlncrthe pronunciatlon of a Slavic rordls indlcated. I have kept the authorrs transcriptlon, but would llke topolnt oui that the letter -J- ls to be pronounced as the Engltsh -y-. )
8-eFA.JA6 -bB-tI-n
t-D - Turktsh E
/t-dt-QK-Js)tt - {/r"J'rSrdzH--rl(-h
Jl-L[-[H-no-ofl-pP'r
T-toy-ulo- Ju
{'rx-eht(-e4 - {/ea/tll ' Y/a/Y - &/ar/fr = g/ nasal,/tbl - ut
b-lt-i
fr.giA-{naaaL/lil-JtrF-q /naaal/
t 'ke /uax/f - pe/ pst/'+ 'th.rg - urlrb
c - d/sz/ ,..
I uto the latln lattcra in transcrlblnq, folJowlng the data ofthe quoted work, !o that cvcn thc non-ltngulstle speclallst may flnd ttcasy to undcrstand the phonctLcs of the examined words. I have kept theorlginal forrns of only the capeelall,y unugual lctters,
e.g. thc rrlttsn fonn: FplAj- eltythe tranacrl.bed forn: grad% - clty
In the O1d Slavlc languagc therc was vowel harmony but llngulstlcsclence ls silent about this (for undorstandable reasons). eieUelOt(0p.Cil. p.2!) wrttes about the funportant characterlstics of vouel herrronyt
rr 'Ihe opposltion of the back and front vowela ls of fundamentallnportance. The union of consonants wlth folLowing vowels ln OldSlavic follows certal,n rulcsi l-n fmnt of the vowels of bolh rowsonly certaLn consonants can etand. The laws of palatalizatlon areconditional on the dlfference bctween these tl,ro rows. The vowefs ofboth rows are lnterchangeable ln the inflexional endlngs and sufflxes;e.g. the dlfference between therrhafd add"x36ftil roots l-n the decllnationals connected to the dlffcrence betws:n the two rows Of vowelstr...
That 1s a clear 1aw of vowel harmony Just as ln any agglutlnatlvelanguaqet For what reason ls llnguistic research slLeni on thls lmportantIanguage characterlstic?
According to this larr:rhe hard vowels
o /o/zl lut/h /9/a /a/
^ /y/ov /u/
For a comparison with the Old Turklsh see Gabaln, Op. Clt. p. 4,+
-5-
WORD FOTTMATIOI{
I. Tha Forrnatlon of Nouns
1.. Old Slarle -o, xrltton -%3 actlon, contlnuatlon or a
contlnuatlon, thercfore ln nost cases ab3treet ldeas.r.g.t lbborb - neetlng, getharlng
pouorb- play, vletorytok! - currant, flood1016- trench, plt (nrnct) (ttung. rords)
Aa eonctctc nounst
vort - ragon
"vont - sound, rlnglngIn Old Turkirhr -I, -1, -u, -ii, ctc
udu - cscort
tarl - platnIn Flilnlah! .b; -u, ctc.
naunr - laughlng[ahso I rageS
kuolo - death
In Votyak-Zyrlanl
u$to - holcr openlng
"oita - u.r. (as ebovc)
In Anatolian-TurklshlyazY - r.rttlng
korku - feargfir'ri - flockr hard
Thle characterlstle la apparent ln Suncrlan also:!l-g's r rlalngdug-a - laylng, ordcr
!al.-a - part, sharcCoeparc thesc wlth Diakonoff, Opo Ctt. p.6O
-4-
rPa'4'b =grad? -c1tylt0l(% = tok? = current (air or water)
ptlla =falba =ftsh
The soft vowels
e,K /e, Je/vI /i/b /i/
B,la /i,xa/a t^ /9,19/
lo /Jn/
Csoke-Botos csdke-Botos
result of the
-6- cs6ke-Botos
Itul6: In the Old Slavic language, the letter -o, wrltten -'t lndicates
a noun and is ldenLical wlth the noun-suffix (noroen agentiefactlonis)
of the ag.gtutlnatlne languages and therefore cannot be of Indo-European
origin.
2. OId Slavic: -kor -oko, -ikowrltten: -k6, -ibkf,, -ikL
Noun suffix meanlng the result of an action.
a/. -kbe.g. znakt = sign
. root: zna- - knowr recognize
c.f. Russian: zvuk (zvu-k = soundr rlnging
b/ - -:bk'b
e.g. stplet-[kt =weaving, spinning, knlttingostat-6kb - remainder
c/, -it<'be.B. moden-ik% = na.rtrr
ouien-ik%* student etc.
These suffixes naturally do not only form nouns from verbs but also
from other nouns. Therefore thelr functlon 1s rrdenomlnalisrr and rrdeverballsrr.
e.g. 01d Slavlc: zla-k'L= vegetables
t<anhL.tb =r atono
zlat -ik%= sold rnedal
Noun suffixes in the agglutinative languages:
01d Turklsh: anu-q = readiness
k6zirnirk = wlndow
csdka-Fotos
Chcranisst
Flnnleh:
Turklshr
Llt. hongollant
Tungualan3
Flnnlsh:Turklehtl4ongoJ.lant
Old turklehltlurr.Ltc:
Urartu!Old Slavle:
tat-5t r plccepuh-ck - spceeh
rynni-tr*ii r ettaekuiif-i* - troopyaz-lk - rlitdaga-kl - roolhlsa-ki - rhoulder
Blclfoldt, Op. Ctt. p" 119r arontl.ons thc sufflx cluster: _?n_ lk_%,erd 8tate' that the conpound rufflx -?n-t conslsts of a posscssl_verdJcctlvc cufflx end thc tbovc-ncntloned -lk? noun auffix whleh creaLes Urcnomen agentLa/ actlvla - or hoolrr ls t{e cen crie, thc noun sufrlx -tk! orlqlrr-ates fron the agglutlnatlve Lenguagea. The orlgrn of the suffr-x -rn? rsalso to be found tn alnllar conponcnLs ln the agglutrnatrve languages,€rf,o Ln Vogul. the adJectlye gufftx -eD
tseT - *6.npuun r of the trec (genttlvc)sYln - of the housc
ekeyln - of the rrothcrrtonEugutl o of f,he pearlhaldt-t$ - untranslatable (adJectlre)urbar-l.nnl - sacrlflclalg$i-tn" - gultbyprav{d-fh? - truthfulgospod-lnB - bei"onglng to the arlstocrac.ypogan-1n6 - belonglng to the pagans ...
As far aa 116 can sce, thl.s suffh ls ldentlcal to the posscsslve edJeot,lvasuffh -1n of uhe ural-Artelc language and is also rdentlcal to thaaufflx of the posscssive easa. Thcrcfore lt ir not of .llavle orlnln.Thc conpourd I -ln-{k-?
rrltten ! -tn-lkg in Old Slavle also crcates nouns from nounn.?.g. gf$t4nt ' gutlty) grtthtkts * crtmlnal
ktntiGntltg = 11[eratcposttnlkG= fasber (one who fasts)lstodtnlkz,= sprl-ng (r*ater) ...
-9-
laula-Ja - aLnger, slngl"rrg
t,ektJi * cdnoltt€r, doervidntl(vl8nt-t -drlltpalstl( palst-t - roastednoral - slnger, slnglngkult - dytng
koirtJe - tellorekscJ - prlnc6, lordiittol - rroio
zltodtt - crlmlnal etc.
-lEtn, -fitn - norren actorls!krlrrfdln - steersman
ktnl$dln - Llteratc-6ln - nonen actorls
kapuSln - gate quarrl (Hung: kapu6r)rutu8ln - messenqcr (ttune: rut6$pt6lEln - gecretaryr clerk, efic.
csdke-Botos-8- ce6ke-Botos
This same sufflx exl-sts in the Ural-Altalc languages a1so.
e.g. Uzbek: -nlkiu-ni"ki = hla
kolchoz-niki = of the kolkhozdavlat-niki = of the farm
The second conpound suffix ls not a Slavlc element either but agaln belongsto the aggl-utlnative ).anguages:
-tnin%, -Fanln! , -anln'6 ara again possessi.ve adJectivcsuffixes.
graldanlng = cl-tlzenr cltydrcellerslov-tnin% = of the word
Finnish: suonalalnen - of [he lakeetynologinen = of etynoloey etc.
Structural analysis: slodtnln6 slov-tn-in%noun-suf flx<-'-=J
Ipossesslve adJective suffix <J
l. 01d Slavic -ai7: noinen actorisvratai% = guard, gate guard
rt{bar% = fishermanHurriLe, nomen actoris: iz-uri = errand-bo/, messenger
Urariu, tr tr :a-l-ure-leader
b) othcr languageo!
Flnnlsh
contractlont
llordvlnlaniconlracllon t
Lapp
Votyak
Zyrlan
01d SlavLc
cf. Estonian;
Hungarion;
Turklsh I
kaL-ur - fLghennan
vez-6r - leaderfut-5r - messenger
yaz-ar = writ,er etc.
The ldentieallty ls urdcnlablc. The word gtructure and the cornponanL!of f,ho Language whlch rhtch hac been dcclared to be slavlc or o1d srevlcarc ldcntlcal to thosc of the agglutlnatlve languages, thercfore thlslenguagc whlch re knon fron llngulstlc reuraLns, ls not of rndo-r,uropcanortgl,n.
5.Tte cuffixea -tal, -atalQr$. pozoretel - vleter
chodatal - nedlatorratal - plornen, planter etc.
Hongollan: -talr -tc[norltal - hopse-rtder, knightsurttuutsl . Learned, cducated
Its functlon accordlng to the Engllsh lanegaqe itongoll;rn grannarLrt trto form nouns deslgnatlng possesslonl eonnectlon wlth 6r containmcnLln aoocthlngil "..
[. 01d Slavlc -Jo, wrltten -jZ>-J1'> -"6 (contractlon)a) nomen actorls: voEd6 = leader
slra\6 = guard
pladA = crylns, elc. 6. The sufflxos:
iiongollan:
-I0- Csdke-Botos
7. Norren agentis suf.fix : _tel{a01d Slavic : dtla - work ; dBla _ tet{a = worker
krCsti = christen: kr'sti-te16= chrlstenineoudi = teach : oull-tel4= teacher
'lhi.s is the fonnation of the elements in a suffix_eluster:It consists of the -t whieh ls thc causative verb and the -1 whtch is bhenoun suffix, and which has an ldonLieal neaning in arr of the agqlutinatlvclanguagcs.a) the -t causativeOld Turklsh:Turklsh:Hun3ar"ioo r
Cheremiss:
'l cld sfavlc:'/
b) the noun suffix -1:Hungarlon:
"o1d slavlc:tlIt ls notable that in
belonge to Lhe aggluLlnatiueuUi- . ?he palaiillzation of
The above _mentioned
rnascu-l_l-ne noun group.
c.8.
cf.O1d Slavlc:
cf. Bl.clfeldt,
dlg- ' 11" !
hon* - rrlttcn !eman- - lcay€ fdleb- - eat 2
df,eb- - cat r
dt- - uork r
naElf,. - begln !
/*ordlo/ ) raloOp. Ctt. p. 120 and
-11- cs6ke-Botos
df-tle - wi_ng
hon-atla - clearlnpem6 -t1b o remalns
dleb-btle - lefLoversdXeb-lr - food
At-to - rork of artna6th-1o - beglnnlng
- plorgh ctc.Benzlng, lannutlschc GramrriaLLk, p 1g/A6e...
suf f lx:
8. Now let us examine the noun sufflxes whlch endwhich belong to the neuter noun Rroup.Ol-d Sl-avic: -1o, n"itten -lo, accordlng to Slavlcwith its contractlon from the ancl-ent form n_dlo:
*-dlo) -14,,,
I'his component can also be found ln its originalLanut : -t1> and -Ie
uqYt- = teaeh, lnstructokut- = u.s.oktat = u.s.EuiSt<ta = starveoudl-te-l1o = teachcr
t<iit6-l = rope
fon6-1 = ,r."'.ouElte-l? = teacher etc.
the word ouElte1-t, = teacher, the root wordIanguages: ln old Turkish ukl_ ) slavlcthe -k- sound supports thls.sufflxes whlch formed nouns belong to the
with the letter -o and
linguists, originated
9. the edycrb of placc aufflx t -lltaOld Slavlc: stnfmG - agocmblv
slndn-tgtc - aasembl;,'-placc
lschodt - cxltlsehod-lJtc r placc of exlLrflkrov? r reeclrs (htdlng)aCcov-l$te - hldlng-Flaec, els.
Thc cornpound sufflx -tUtc 1g made up of the rlatlvus. sufflx -5 and theLocatl"vc suffi.x -te" NaturaLly, these sufflxes are to be found orr a lar,,cicele ln the aggl.utlnatlvc Languages. rn the cherernlss languaqe, the.v appcnras a ruffk lndlcating an adyarb of Flaec and as a casc endlnA.Thu! ln thc Chcrcrnlss languagc:
tuUU(tu-Sto - therepurla-5to - on tho rlqht
t$-{te - hercOld Slevlc: dlkrov-tUtc - hl-dlng-placcr etc.Thls sufflx, ln the course of llngulstlc change, hecame a sufllx in ilrefornatlon of nouns ln tho languaee ilhl-ch ls eallcd Old Slavtc. Let us
nor cxamine the fernlnlne noun suffLxes.
lO. Ttrc Old Slavlc sufflx -a fonns the deverbatlvc nouns. In tto orlclnli ta ldcntlcal to the mareulLne and neuter qerrder fonns -o a,tl -e.rhlch together orlglnate fron the agglutlnatlve lanquaqes whlch gt,tll.cxlsl today.
lorm l"n Tungusian and
-r2-
lsdbna * exchange, chanqe
ograda = fence
opona = eurtainbeii = glory, fame
qutada = happiness
lale = ghare
duga = saylng, cornrnand, efc,cf. the words quoted under point # 1...
Ll. The Old Sfavic suffixes -ka, -ika, -Rka, -?dkae.R. blit-ika = the followinq
of,-lka = relatlvekltt-Dka - ceII, prlsonvlad-ldka= rulermot-ttka = spade, etc.ar-qa =back
Jel-tI -neck-fleshJil -kd - neck
ama-ka =bearaja-ga =drinkLng-bowleap- ka = chopstlcks
rttsf- t. = bundle
uomSl- ka - work
kelbi-ka -spadernot-?6ka = spadc, egc.
cs6ke-Botos-r3-
kalltka, kallcka E eaqe
klltb - Schlogs (esstlcl lock)klltt-le - le-/be-/z6r - lock up,lnt$t-%ta ' cellklttka - ccllzSrka (Hune.) - cell
csdkc-Botos
e.8.
01d Turkish:
Su!fteriani
Turki-sh:
Kl"rg'iar:
Kqtanr-Tatar:Tungusianr 6old I
t{ongolian:
Manchurian:
Chereniiss:
Tungu6i.an!
Ol-d Slavlc:
Proof.:
Hungarian:
Turklsh:ef.
Old SlavlcrScrbo-Croatlan:l4orphologyt
I bellcvc that the Hungarl-an Academ"r' of Sclencc rrLll remove that word(t<atlttta) froo the llst ofrslavlctloan-words. The noun-suf.Lxes -ka/-kdtogethrr and separately emphaslze that thls word has been taken from Lhe
Hungarlan lenguage lnto Lhc Slavlc ...
12. Old Slevlc:
In conrrection ulth Lhis, ue have to mentlon the Hunqarian word lkalitkalwhich the r-lnno-Ugrlc llnquists have declared tc be a loan-word from theSlavic.Let us state thai this Hungarian word phonetl-ca1]y, morphoJ.ogicall-,, and
seurantlcall.y drifbed frorr the agglutinatlve lanquaqes into the Slavlclanguages.
= cage,
Zyrlen-Votyak:
Chcrcnlggr
Vogull
13. Old Slavlcl -lnatl5tnalstlna
gtalfitslna
ro,fotlnagodlna
old Turklsh: tiitilntlrin
Irongoll-anl bagana
0smani tlknHKazanl- Tatar: tlginii
-ota (noun-sufllx)
tloUota - cleanlLncss
toplota - heat
vellkota - greatness etc.klzta - thlckness
ku65b - greatness
;osit - lcngth
(nary functions )
o !tLonc6, stlllness- truth- superlor, old
- latrn
- hour
- snoke
r feglnent- Eupportlnq-been
- toknd (Hung.) - troueh, wa.shtub
' u.sr
-I/+- cs/dkc-Botos
14. 01d Sl-avic: -"/oe6, -6ce,.$ss, (-ica) in aI1 t,hree gen6ers:Korean, Tungu€lan, iiongollan: -aEl, -31, -ta, -ge, -kg
vvrurKl-sn: -ac, -c01d Turkish: -Ea, -Xii,lordvinian: -kd, -kellun.garion: -ka, -ke ,
is the
Thus:
etc.
-L5- csdke-Botos
i) The old 91av{a -te6 s! e noncn agentls sufflx ls ldenblcal to
thc noa€n actorla auf,flx -8f, -f, -cf/c - dzs/ln the aBslutlnatlve languegca.
Old Slavlcl Lav-tctr hunter
b ar-'6cA- tarrlorLtor-tcG - crletor
l{ongollanr tar{an - ll r pcaaant
ota-Ul - doctor
norl_{l r grooil
ef. OLd Slavlct ]lr-{ca. - huntcr etc.
b) ai a dlnlnutlve suffk:old turklsh: au-lt-l - av daddy
8gt-Eri-il - ny mrrrr/ty
gld Slav1ct grad-{e3'1tttLe eltvoUtat-i ct. llttle eloud
Lcb us now look at thc changc ln palatallzatlon.
Llnguists bell-eve that this suffix or the -c sound goes back toan Indo-European -k- sound whlch underwent palatallzation. Howcver,when we study the ldenticaL forms in the Alteic languages, we have toreJect this theory because the rndo-Europeam orlgl-n is Just a hypothcsiswhereas the existence of these suffixes in the agglutinatlve languagesis undeniable.
Let us take the O1d Slavic word ot4cG= dad , whlch supposcdlyAncient Slavic xot% = father , with a dj.mlnutlve sufflx.
Old ; Slavlc: oL4 cA I :tot4t<GiThe suffix t -lecG(-+4k(.: k)c (palatalizatlon)
Tungutlant
l{anchurlant
t{ordvlnlan:
neJk6. llttlc l-ouse
cclkc - Ltttlc brotherpanXke - ltttlc flowcr
Let us now look alLit. !ron!ol1an:
Altaic Turkish:KaLnuck:
cf.Ancient ilavlc:Old Slavlc:
the l4ongo.l-lan slndlarities :
e8e-ge = father, dad, olditr-gd = u.s.otsl -gaa= rrs.ets-kD E u.s.;+ot$-klo
oLbc6
rlvcllke - llttle fox
Zyrlant bedok - llttl€ stickpuok - lltblc trec
llrmqrrlon ft6k - llttls blrdcf. Rueclenr kruzs6k - llttle clrclc
ku"6t - ltttlc olece
f,azanl*r Tatar: trurlfi. llttle chlck
cf. Rurglan: b6tJutkt - ny dadd1, cter
fhcrcfotc ln both caaes t,hcrr crlats a phonetlc change: k)t, k)c, nnrt U ) o,
all rtthout any Indo-fiuropean nlareprescntatlon.
In Tungurtan/tarnut/ thLc cxlstr ln the followlng form: -kin (-kS-n
u11k1-l6n - llbtle squlrrclurakcf-k5n - llttte h111, etc
The Anclent S1avic word ls unknovm; it is a llngulstic hypothesls,while Lhe i'longorlan suffix is a realit.v. The above suffixes are origJ-nalnoun suffixes with a dlnlnutive functi,on ln the ranguage whlch is caLl"cd01d $1avlc and they have no connecil.ons wih the hypothettcar lndo-Europeansufflxcs. The language whtch ls callort old slavic is an agglutlnativeIanguage. r .
e.8e
-16- cs6ke-Botos
The ncuter and femlninc sufflxeg naturally bclong here. According tothesc statemcnta, the -ga, -Ica sufflxes, whlch thc Flnno-Ugric llngulstsmentl.on repeatedly, are not of sl,avlc orlgln. Let us flnlsh our obscrvatLontrith this conelusLon:
01d Turklsh: 14ik = cow
Turklsh: inek - cow
01d Slavic: Fonica = calfFlnnlah, morpholog:r penlkka= puppy
The -k syfflx became -c ln Old S1avlcl ln thls casc.lhe -a suffir rras theslgn of the femlnlne (demonstratl-ve pronoun). The Turkish sound -l- et thcbeglnning of the word wss: to. . ln old Slavic ...
-17-
Conpound form: -ttfaGrgr a8-t'tfa - aetlon
Hungarl-ent t6.r.tcl - actlon ttlJiive-tcl - eonlng
hlva-tal - offlcc .. , e-lc,
17. Thc 01d Slavtc noun Euffhr -n4odanlr glverbranl- battlc
cs6kc-ttouos
boltr-ni - sl,ckncss
Vogult bl-n)- llfe, dwelllng
FLnnlcht kohi-na - murnur
I havc prcsentcd nlnciy pcrccnt of thc noun suffixcs of thc lnn4tnqc
rhlch ls callcdrbld SlavlelIt cen slrcedy bc statcd that, ln thc language whlch ls cal.led Old
Slarlc, thc ordcr of noun tufftrctr togethar wlth aLl t,he sufflxes lcldantlcal to that of thc eggluttnatlvc lenguagc6. Thercfore thc old Slavle
languaga k not Indo-EurDpoen but ls a member of ihe great famllv ofiSglutlnatlvc languagea.. .
cf. OId Slavlc:
L5. The Old Slavic6.8.
Tungu3ian:
Yakut:
Turklsh:
16. The OId Slavic
c.8.
I4ongolian:
Hungorian:
ouienikz = student
oudonlca - glrl otudent, elc,
noun sufflx: -t4blagoda-t6 = mercy
s/6mr6-t4= dcath
ta -t6- robbcr
vLas -tG- FowerpeY -ta- ovon
top -ti = sphere, ballkal -tt = scissorskYP -tY - u.3.t6r -t - fourbi -t = Iouse
sYr -t - mountal"n ridge
nonn sufflx: -E16 , written -tt{ and -ai-.lo
6atb-!b16 - danger, perilpeE-al?" * mournlng
obit-tlG - dwelLlng
Jobal = suffering
Jtrgal = happiness
tral6t = death
-16-
formation of AdJcctives and AdJect,ivc S,tffl.xo".
ending in vowels lndlcated bv: - 16
mll% - fricndly, dcarsltpe = bllnd
chrom? - lame
souchto- drynuorL - young
pioni - snal-l
uusi = ncrd
hyr5 = good
gul-a = btgdug-a = good, nlceyek-e - blg
klcsi - smal1
fekete-black, etc.
csdke-Botoc
CoSr
vogulr - PFirmtahr
Mongollanr
ChcrcnLcrl
llurrltcrUrartu:lungrgte4,/Larmrt/
4. Old Slevlc: -tsk?., -likn&, .<ik}G.t. 6lad-%k$ r sn*ct
krat-Zk% - lhortIlr- okt, - rlde
llulg'arianl puf- 6k - bloated
Zyrlanr
llordvlnl.an
Old Turklrhr
TurkL;hr
5. Old Slarlclc of,r
I'lnnlsh:
cs6ke-Botos
yoleYod-ln% - of the leader (thc lcaderre)rul-lnB - of the snake (the snakers)l4arl-ln?a - of liary (lhryrs)isc2 - of the cltylain - of the fathcr (thc fatherrr)ereyin - of the nen (the manrs)a6an$n - of the father (the fatherrs)laldl-lna . of thtdl (narnc)
urb-er-Lnn. - of the eacrlflce (sacrtflclal)aD-?t r of the father
nakat-e7rlr of the bcer
_r9-
3. Thc Old Slavlc posacarLvc edJcet!.vc auffh,l -{n%The
I. AdJecbives
e.8.
Finnish: -i suffix
Sunerien:
Mongolian:
Hungarien:
2. The nrost
e. g.
-a suffix
usual sufflx: - Gnlo
0stonlani -ne suffix
Zyrl-an: -ii sufflx01d Turkish: -.gsufflx
Vogul: -.7 suffixMordvlnlan:
vbr 6 n'6 = falthful, loyalzakon6n%- lawfuldI,l"{^nFl"- ovtLn|
ElBt'6nV- honorable
dosto6n?- daservlngvegine - wct, damp
edeslne = farvekr{t - narrow
6ri2 = 6"toayan&y = honorable
n*ag = famous
ke/e2 * angry
salo, - sa1t, etc,
hac- 6k - llsrkoknld-tk i .ffortLcsrJcJrd-lk - rhltlih6tl-ke - h6eyy
kuve-ke - longsiir-fik r chanIa-r* - saintlx
ttgl-lik - bllndkfi-Ik - brrkcnsol-uk - faded
biiy-rik = bts erc.
-v4 t -avzo(adJcctlvca showlng a chara.cterLstlc)tl-vt - llvclytin-av3- mrddy
krtriv-avtr'"' bloodyvere-vE - bloody
Llha-va - moaty
-20-
llhe-v - ncatysalo-v - galt
Csoki-Bgtos
ldantlcaL to the 01d Turktsh rdJcotlvc e,ttttx -t / -e
mltost-lv? - pltlfulstraU -1vr6 - fcarfulltn- 1r% - lazya8r-lg - ln loveslotaT' - negllgcnt
_2L_
( nagy)-riird- ( bls ) -€ared... - f6t6 - ... -lesgcd...- kezii - t.. - hands , elc.
Thls suffli la ldcntleal to tho Sunerlan -ag/-ak genl-Llvc sufflx.Phonetlcg: as) * )
"1 1"r lgii )E - -Gl-6
*cii ) eu) ev --eYt /-ova .,.cf. litrrgarlanr posacoslvc aufflxcs -6 and -t
9. The Old Slavlc possessLvc edJcetlve sufflx -tt belongs lo Lhe abovc
group ard ls ldentleal to tha f,u6gE!.tmg ibngoll"n -6, -i, -aJ., -e|, -land to the Sunerlan -a61 and thc Urartu -c/-l arrl ls not of Indo-EuropeanoriglnrOld Slavlel
l,longollant
Urartu!
rrltben - ?G.B. Old Slavlcl
Huhf,elilbnl
csSke-Botog
cf.uordvlnlan:
6, 01d Slavlc: -llyl.iPhonctlcc: ?l)X )vc.8.
Old Turklshr
Flnnlsh:
7. 01d Slavle
01d Turklshl
c.g.
Phonctlca:
01d Turkish:
cf. Egtonian:
8. Old Slavlc
c.8.
Hungarlant
arllvikcvi
- clcan
- Etrong
klrJava i coloufflrl
suffl-x clusterr -tltr% . l'or lts funetlon cf. abovi
-lltr otc.razom-y'liv? - lntelllgentaavld-€llvt6 'anvlougposlouU- dllrL- obedlcnt
-rrf, ) 1r1) uu ) utada-Ilf, - dangcrous
tiir-liig - nannGrlY
qutf-flf' deacrvlng
lapee-llk - chtldlsh ctc.
pos6c8lrl,vc ceacl -oylf, and -61116
Srom-ov? - of thc thurrdcr
$o8-ovl6 r noon
L(ev-otS - of thc llon /oroazL6nos/Pctr-ov€ - Pcterrs
r {parltcl-dva - of the Savlour
nud-ov-rlthaholskiv-cv - atony
sod-ov ..sootyplL-cv - blg-cared(l)
reb-ll - of the prLsoner
prr-ll r of the do6
tff qf+1e / - uhose? /ttt/ Huryo,ia,'tkit?/qaden-al - of the Khan
ef. qa6en-l - lrr3rilt-nu-a-1-n6-e-1' MLnuars ete.
Noici Th€ rrl.tcr, rhen hc nakca thls ltngulstlc eomparLson, does nob uac
hypothettcal etynol-ogy but takct hl"s lnformatlon from rrrltten documenhed
Itngulrtlc data.
The slmplc posscsslve adJcctlrc sufflx belongs In thls qroup, bhe -l sufflx,
6lovti-a. hunan /Hung.t ernber-l/pmroE-t - prophetle
natcr-6 - notherly /tlung,t anya-l/ktrfly-t F royalfir-t - gentlemanly
&rya-l r notherl"y otc.l{ordvlnlanlnaturally thla suffir can be found also ln the ot,her agr.l-uttnatlve lnnqrrngor.
-22-
*1&, - 4ltt,, !tsr,t
cs6kc-Botos -2)-
-sc - tr (posscsslrc)
-Di - posscaslvc adJcettvc srrffix-[i t u.".
ur-bu-e-sc - b€longlng to the sacrlflceSardurl-fl - Sardurlrcpab-an-24 - of the nountlln, thc mountalncs
-sc + dr ) -ac71,
::;1,
csSkc-Botos
10. 01d Slavlc!e.g.
Chorcmlss:
Turklsh:
?unggsian/tamut:
n. The OId Slavi-t denonstratlvc adJcctlvc sufftx: -{fi{; ls idcntlcalto the Hungarlan lativus sufflx: -nle.8. plBa-{fi4 = first
poslBd-46€ * lasloutr-146 - nornl-ng
b].'r,E-1"t4 * noarby
Hungarlan: ...Pap-nl...mcster-nyl...dobds-ny1-ra rrr i ,..as far &a onc cen throw ......p111anat-nyl-ra... - ln the baLtlng of an cyelld.. e{r.
Naturally thls sufflx can also be found Ln SumerLan. Thcrefore we cannottake lt to be a sufflx borowed from the SlavLc lanErage.
From these observatlons, we nay etate that the adJectlvo sufflx lnthe language which is ca11ed 01d Slavlc, ln all lts forms, is noiIndo-European but ls ldentlcal to the fonns of the aggtutinatlve languaqes.
lz' Let us flnlih by taklng thc ord slavle ;osscs.rlve adJcctlve s'ffixesvhlch ean bc found ln t'hc ocroan end Baltrc languagca: -sko, wrltten:-6skv. Lct us rtatc thet thla forra ls aetually a conpound taken from thee8glutlnatlvc languagco lnto thg Baltlc and Gernan languages because thelrnguagc rhleh ls caLlcd Old Slrvtc, in ltr llngulstle etrueture end voeabrrrary,balongl to thc eggl,utlnaf,ita Languagesr
Proofr.Thc eornpoundt -4aktb1 -6a*toTunguclary'larnut/ I -lsff ( -ar-ktt
| -tskt,V -skl ...
mcanlng: belonglng t6 ronconc or ;ornethlng.Thcoc compound ruffhcr ean bc found ln thc loLloring anclent wrltuendoeurontad forml:Urartu:
llurrltc:..8. Ura.tu;
HunltclThc conponenttt
Tu4uslan/,aort3
thc conpound auffhl I. -rcFlnhtoh! puu-katr/ks -Usz/ - belonglng to the tree
niie-krt - belonglng to the htllala-c - undcr
yl6-r - up
iindc-s
JatS -rc - of thc rtllagc, ah.
krge-l% - round
top-L% E warn
srtBt-+t?' - brightk %4s-t1% = sour
teur-lc = swect, tastykuat-Ic - powerful, strong
. t5n5s-1e = peaceful
sewlm-ll - dcar
tiiy-lii - feathered
tat-IY - gwoet
kan-Il - bloody
bu7 tu-ll - round, sphorlcalnibu-1l = dLehevellcdr etc.
cf.
ilongollan:
Chafo[lrst
Mongollan:
Kazanl Tatar:ALbalc Turklsh:01d Turklsh:Tungusian components:
01d S1avlc:
-21+-
-f,r, -fdaqayln-kl- = bclonglng to the olderatan{-q{ = bel,onging to the fatheratanY-f,! = u.e.fUrli-n - of the lnsideE wi -skl = hcre
aug-ski - back
tule -skl = out
tawa-skl" = therc, !tc.t:.o,f\E-bsk6 = human
za-$sktlc = carthlyVol_4aXQo = godlInebes-rsk?, * heavenLy, etc.
cs5ke-Botos
brother
e}-
Formatlon of ldtcrbr,rtth Sufftial
r) Adv.rbr of plec6!
OLd 9laYlc: -dc? - $hor.?c.8. ktdc - khcre?
nlktdc - norherclBr%a" - soncnh6re
ot$dc - hcrcon%da - thtrc
rktde r cvaqrxherallongollent -dl, -de
cndc - hcrctcndc - thcrcqotalada - svcrJnhcrc
dergcdc - bcaldc, atOld lurklrhl qanta - rhcrc?Turkilht ncredc - ttrlr 2 ?fc.
b) tdrcrta of tlnc: -t de-.i - nftcn?
OLd Slavlet kogda - rhcrl?
llongollant
onU gda - then
ovlagda - norv{regda - ar17[Luc
nar.6hda - tonorrorbnldc - t long tlnc ago
nsauda - cvcrltlncurtuda r |lo!r
Nota thrt the exarapler mcntloncd aboyc are ldentleal to thc loeatlvc -o'r!cndlrga of the 1urklsh languagc. thcse cndlnlgg hccame sufflres rlhlehprovar thab the 0Ld Sl-avlc language ls an agslutlnetive lanquaf,o.
cslka-Botos
II .
c) Ablatlve case:
e.g.
lu.ordvlnlan:
Flnnlsh:l,appS r
Ol"d Turkish:
{6-
-z(-at, -fr -dout)fidt - frorn here
k8dt - fron khere?
on,$dou - from therelnAdb - fron somewhere elseaLdo, elda = under
alte ' u.s.
Jillede - fron the host
olkodc = from outsidcqanyuda - fron whcrc? eLc.
cs6ke-Botosg',t*
Thc Vcrb sufflx.
cJ6ke-Botos
Ststcncnt.
Thc strueture of rerb rufflxcs arxr thelr elernents ln thc old slavleJ.anguagc k ldentlcal to the rtructure of verb sulflxes ln [he acqluLlnat.lvolanguager.
Proof.
In the Langurgc vhich lc called Old SLavle, the verb sufflxes are arlrtnrl
to two verb roots, the LnflnLtive (vcrb-noun) root anrl the present tenseroot. Let us cell thesc roots by t,hclr abbrcylated terms - lnf. root arrd
prcto footrthc lnf. roott can bc dlrldcd into two eategorl-cs, e) root wlthout
tufflx end b) noot rlbh sufflx. Lct uc cxamlnc the grorrp of verb rootsrl.thout aufflx:
nlt-tt /(xnel-|.i/ - nlt"lsi lnf"root: mft- (*mef-kla-tf /<*1oL-Il/ - but,chcrrt lnf . root: kla- 4+1o1-bra-tl. /<*Aor-t't/ - flghts; [nf, root: bra- 4 *6o"-
Thc nost anclint forn of thc root erdcd ln a consonant; the corrsonnrrtchanged placc rlLh the preecdlng voncL. ef. above. From thls we eBn s.othat, the conoonant crusf,er et the beglnnlng of the rord ls not soare klnrl ofcuperlor llnqul,sttc eharacteriatlc but ls a conunon lLngulstte rleterlorat.lorr.€.8. thc verb roofs whLch crrd ln -r ard -t ln the so-callcd Old Sl&vle lnrrtrutrr,.:
nes-tL - carrypas-tl - graze
v6z-.- ' drtvc (Lransltlvc)
Er?.1D-e - chew
-d erd -t errdJ.nga3 met-c- - s$eep
plet-e-- strrln
pad-e- - fallr drop
bod-a- - stab, prlck-k and -g endlngs: pek- - roaat
t'ek - - run
Let us close our observatlon wlth the fol"lowing stetem.nt. The advcrblalsufflxes actually orlginate from case-endings Just as we have aeen abovc. A
pure voweL case-ending could also become a suffix, e.g. OId Slavtcve6er'?a = evenlng (n.)ve{er-'L= in the evenlug (adv.)
(Hung. egl - evening
est-e = in the eveninq) !!l
Compared io Lhe Ofd Slavlc sufflx, the I'bgyar language uses the locatlvccase as does the rrongollan: maful-a = badlyi qata[ul-a = urercllcsslyActually we are talklng of the datlve case. The systems are lderrtlcal 1n
mar\y cases together with all bhe elenLentg. Just, one cxamnle:01d Slavic: dolt * do*n
Old'turkish: qodl = down
Chegatai: koJl=rlown
I befieve that no further comment is necctssary.
fr crdlng:
In Oslyak:
-46-
Xeg- - 6n"tt
nog- * havc
f{r- - rub
n4r- * dic . ... ok.wdr- - dor,r
man- a 99,..,:i
am6t - bc pleascd
Jont- = plaY,:
JinS- - drink,.; efr:,.
Cs6kc+Botos.'.9- csdke-Botoc
l! re oan !er, th,. purc rcrb-root, rlthout guffh, ls not a Slavlellnguiattc cheractcrktic, but rathor a charactcrlrtlc of thc erqlutlnet,lvrlrrguagc!.Eubt rn thc old slavlo lrngnegc
''6 oan forn a ncrr vcrb-root fron e noun
lnd froo e vcrt. Thcrcforc ln thc old slevlc language thcre ls a dcnomlnalrnd I dcrorbal vcrb ruffk, Jurt ar ln any othcr ag8lutlnatlvc lan3uagc.
In thc follotlng, nc rlll prcrent thc strueturc of verb suffh.cc.thc lnf. root haa thc auffkcrt -c-r -t-, and -t-Thc -a- rufftrt gti8r-a- - b! annoycd / d,enonlnel/
kon4t-e- - cnd ,/denonlnal/poher-e- . ahor
ltblr-e- - ch@tcthc -t- tufftr onto$- - bcconc cllrnt
orlab$- ! bceonc *cak
"tl-t- i r.coy€roun-t- - undorstand, BatureJBa$- - rlt
Thc -l- sufflxt vod-l- - lced,er-l - ahor, polntport-l- - futtort_l_ - trcatr cntcrtal"nboget-i- - bcccoc rl.ch
Thcae fornr arc not of rndo-Suropoan orlgln, but rathcr ean bc rhownto hevc ldcntlcal forne ln thc agglutlrutlvc Ldnguagcr rlth en Ldcntlcalfunctlon ard phonctlc rtruoturo. ThuriOl.d Slavlc: -e-
JB.
-t-Old lurklch: -a-
-i--r--t--u--ii- cts.
Here belong the verb-roots without suffix, which end ln a vorel:bi-tt - strlker beat lnf. root: bl-vl-ti = turn lnf. root: vl"-poEl-tl = rest lnf. root: podl-
In Ostyak:
Ji-tl - come lnf. root: Ji-l:-tl - cat lnf; root: 1)-nu-ti - bw lnf. roott nr-
Sirailar verb-root' ati\lctures can bc found in any agglutlnativ6
Mongollan: bo1- = lsr wlll, la pooclbl.e
Turklsh: bol+ - u.!.Vogul: o1- - uoao
MongolLan: gar- - stop fortard, comc out, forn
Turklgh: sa[- - gttt.rc, mllk
bo[- = tle; tanglc
In the Mongollan language it ls alrcedy a ver$al sufflx:kcse_ _ punlsh
delc- = strlke, knock
biikl- - bcnd
tfr'Flnnlsh6t pago- ' run
ctc.Ianguagcr
40"
e.B. OId Turklshl kfiE - strenglhOId Slavic
OId Turkish: et - name
Old S1avlc:
01d Turklsh:
OId Slavi.c:
Mongoll,an:
Flnnish: (raialeot)
csdkc-Botos
k'n6-5- = stral-nCbr$- - near
at-a- - callgrlBv-a- - bc annoyed
kiif_;_ - pralscehval_i- * praise
bar-l-- catch
dar-u* = push, gqueezc
sab-a- - beat, whlp
sab-1,- - u.6.pod-e- - bc slcklyJan-u- = be thirsLy
It aeens as though the above three verb sufflxes of tho Old Slsvlc
lnf. root are l"n reallty onc olcment beeauso thc languagc whlch ls callcdOld Slavlc ln lts origi,n io an agglutlnatLvo languagc and , as such, knew
vowel harmor\y aLso. This ls lrherc thc vowel harmony of the dlfferenL forms
originates.Thus: 01d Sl-avlc: gntv-a- = bc annoycd
Ol-d Turklsh: bo!-a- - freeOld Slavlc: bol-t- = bc slckly01d Turkish: kiid-ri- = straln01d Slavlc: Post-l- - fastOId Turkish: ii1-1- - danpen etc.Hcr6 wc cannot talk of borowed f,ortrs, thcrefore the only possJ.blllty
ls ldentical forms.
Note: In Judgtng the funcllon of the sufflx, we are not allowed to dlsregard
Lhe rules of polysemantles"
Thc suffix -no- which ts added bo the l"nf. root, wrltten: -nfi -, pronounccd:
ir a vorbal sufflx whlch for'ns thc lnstantaneoue verb form. Thls Old Slavlc
elcuent is identical to the exlstlng instantaneous verbal suffix of the
agglutlnatlvc languages: -nc-1 -n-e
-JI*
-n9--ne- , atc"
bY3k-no- - clattercEch-ng- - 61y
Poma-nq- - rcnenbcr
tft6r-n9- - dLreppcdr
ougar-no- - .xtlngulshEourge-nl - teercSokke-nc- -!lt down
botta- nc- - lrrclLpekc-na- . run for$ard
vanhe-nc- - bceono oldrlc-nc- - .l.nk
Thc old slavlc -Jc-, rrlttcnc -f€-, frequcntatlrc form, eontlnuablvc fornr,fornr thc rcpctttlvr vcrbal forr.Old Slavlcl |nf. rootr pokg-e- - rhort
prca" root,: pokez-c-Jc - ia ahowlng
J"ablr-a-.- aclcct, choooc
lzblr-a-Jc- Ls chooslng
narle-a-Jc-- lt nanlnga€Ildz-e-Jc- 1r burnlng
rrbote-Jc- ls rorklngThla forn 1r Ldcntlcal to thc vcrlflablc ialrt6d llorms i.n the ural-Altntelenguagcar -tJt-u -J1-, -Je-t{t" }tongollanr bbkt- - bcnd
bbkt-Ji- - lc bcndln8qalf-Jf- - fu bcndlng
Slordvlnlanlt fcpl-Jo--fu euttlngtostl-Je- - fu knocklng
Fr varl-Ja- * le blecdlngstl-Je- - ia laying
0styakr 6off-:f- - ts lteklngJastI-Jt- - is raylng
Csdke-tbtos
Thutt Old 9l-avlcrFlnnlahr
Qrtr
LappflF:
Ftnrd.ahSl
-32-
koca-Jc- - ls ewakening
puola-Je- - ig burning
cedke-Botog
IappSr
Hungarlan: hever-5-sz - ts ldng (phonetlcs: Jc) 3)Ie6el-5-sz - 1g grazlnS
kotor-5-sz * ls groplng
OId Slavic! (contractlon)pres. roott pas-c - grezes
vcz-€- r traveknet-e- - Bwecpt
vpei-e- - frier (phonotlcc: Jc) c)01d Slavlc: Jc)iinf. root: bol-:B- - beconc sickpres. root: bol-i- - ls clcklylnf. root: vel-1il = cornmand
pres. root! vel-i- - connands
lnf. roott dr*tj-a-' holdpres. root: arVt-t^ - hoLds outFinntshl Jc)l
paina - push, squeezc
paln-l- - rrestlesnata- - wriggle, aquirnnat-i - sllde, cllnb
but polk-l = glvcs blrth ; polk-a * eoa
Eun-l-layg Inuna.cggpcs-l - ncsts ; pcgd - nrst
Flnally: The function of the Old Slavlc Vcrbal sufflx -ovs- ls the repeatlngof an action and l-s reflexlve. The idcntlcal verbal gufflx ln thc agglutinatlvclanguagcs !s -v- (reflcxlve).Thus!
1nf. root: dar-ov-a - glvc preacnts
obtd-ov-a =.at lunchndl-ov-a - synpathlzc
rad-ov-a = reJolca
Lnen-OV-a - nane
l{ordvlnlrnl
f,epp5l
Vo3uLXr
llungarlan:
'|5!-
llmdc-tc - r n6ne
kado-v- - rcmaln
lazo-v- - orackpanlo-v- opcn
koddot-ovc- - hana
tet-oil- - brlngUr-ot_ - guard
ndryJ-a* i tor6n(a- 6<ft r stretch
csdko-Botos
cft harag-uv-' ... 6tc.thur rc havc prcacntcd thc structurs of the rcrbal aufflx and lbo
elcocntr ln ihc larguagc GrllGd Old Slavle. Thc strueturc ard elemcntt ofthl Old Slavlc rarbel rufflx arc Ldcntlcel to thcrc of thc agRlutlnatlyrlanguagcl. Thcrcforc thc rtructire of the noun and verb aufflxes of thc
OI{ Slerlo languagc. lr agglutlnat,lvcl In no reJr ls lt Indo-Europoan.
lftg arr thc Flnro-Ugrlc ltngulste rllcnt about thlc fact of llngulotlohlltort?.lrd rlry rr. th6 $letlolcta atlcnt?
!g}lt Th.r. li not onc tcrbel tufflr clcncnt ln the languagc rhleh laaill.d Old ltLarlc rhlch has no ldcntlcal foru ln the egglutlnatlvc Languatrrl
The Indo-Europcan llngulats and thel-r supportefs, thc Flnno*Ugrl'c
llnguists, would say t,hat thc Flnn-ostyak languagee borrorred thcsc sufflxes
as a result of thelr lower ranking orlglns. Lct us aleo observ? the Ural-
Altaic sfunllarltles.cf. Ramstedt, Elnfiihrrrng ... II p.1I9: 'rThe sufflx -ta ls ln Korcan thc
lnflnltlve endlng --the usual lexl-cal form of the verb.n...The Sunerlan connectlona concl"psiveLy provc that thls sufflx 1s not
of nSlavictr orlgln but that it ts actually a compound...
The truth ls that we cennot claln that the Foreans borrowed thi.s sufflx!tct us now make tho comparl.sons.
-35- ca5ke-Botog
ef. ln0r 28.1, ,AItlotcl Thc slmllar clcrnents of tho lufflx _ta_ tn the Old SLavlc and theegglutlnatlve languagca grrr out, of thc oldcr sunerlan form to take onthclr presont shapc. Thcrcforc thc cuffh _ta_ Is not of Slavlc orIndo-Europ0an orlginc, but Sumcrl.an.
rn conelua{on, 1ct us takc thc dcvcrbal" noun rhosc conncctLons Blclfel.dt6r$lal.n! on p. 2Jj, 0p.Clt.
LGt ur rec thc turklgh rtnllarltlcs:Ulghurr kll- - rir!, conc r *Il+f - futurc
'31+-
The Verbal Noun and lts Sufflx
-t1-ti.-ta, -t'd, -da, -dii
ce6kc-Botos
In 01d Slavlc:Ostyak:
FLnnlgh:
Old Slavlcl
Korean:
Flnnlsh:
0styak:
Suncrlan:
kloveta-tl, = suspect
po{l-tl = restchvall_tl ;, glorlflves-ti = travelnek-ta - catkada = go
l!-ta - bc, exlsttchdi - do, act
syb-di - eat
taJ-tl - have
Jl-tl - come
Jot-tl - PlaY
d6-ge-da - bcautlfyk6-acda * clean
nu-aka-da * not to do
gi1-ra-da - need
afie-ga$ = be gsod, otc.
01d Slartct
Thcroforc, fnon thet pagG, uc cannot say that the 01d sravrc verbarnoun rufflt LN of Indo-Europcen orlgtni
kii_ , perrde_ - glvcf,i- - Llvc
t kiF-tt - paat
I da-t4- gtft2 tL-t6- ltfa
I. Porsonal- Pronouns
Old Slavic: (sing.) azTo= T
-36^
PRONOUNS
oz = person; you; person; Iltse
csSke-Bo!os t)'l-
Old Slavlcl (plu.) nt&4- rcFlnnlshe nc - u.r.Lapp6r ,il - u.r.Chcrcnlcsl mc, nfi - u.a.Totyakt rnt - u.r,l{ongollant na-, ba- - u.s.SutnerLant mc - u.!. elc,
cs6kc-Botos
Old Slavler vfd, - you (llungarlan: ttk, tl)Notct thls clcment ls a eomblnatlon of the pereorul pronowrs t,e+d - tl (yorr)aa for cxanplc Ln ths Tunguslan language: sii6>6Ua - tl (you). In aerualtt.ysli-i ' tc-d... the old slavrc conbrnatron however is: vt(y-i(LhaL lstQ,l (ttr'6. Thc corrcratron of the first crernent of thesc combrnatronsln thc agglutlnatrrc Languager r.r uncertarn, therefore Lhls qucstron forthc moncnl rcaral-nr unensvercd. Thc cupposed rndo-Fruropcan orrgrns have notbccn prorcn by ltngulrttcc.cLthcr...
Thc reflcxlvc pcrtonal prohoun, sc- - nqyself, hlmsclf (lU hag nononlnetlrc eacc and no pLural nrnbcr), has an cqulvaront rn rhe cherenlsslanguagc: 5kc - nryaclf. Thc Old Sleylc t scbc, !-a thc genlHve easc, ilriroot bclngr ccb- rhlch consLatr of thc rootronl sc- and tha rcflcrLveaufflx -b. Thls sufftx ls thc posresorva of thc agglutlnatlvo languagescrg. Tunguslanr -bi... Cf. Ecnlln6, Dlc tunqurlschen Spraehen 125"
Nor lct ur lhor thc Lhlrd pcraon of the pcrconal pronouns and lra ehnl I
dLscua! thc qucstlon of gcndcr eko.rn thrc easc rc shall uge not LheOld Slavlc but thc Serbo-Croatlan cqulvalents. Thus r tha Scrbo_Croat.tAnpcrsonal pronouns, lrd. perr. rlng. :. nascullnc: on - he
femlnlnet ona - shc
n6uter! ono - itlqt ur gbatc that thlc chlrractarlrtlc ls not of Slavle orlgln but it 5616r,""to tho agglutlnatlve langueger. thc dlfforanhatlon of gencler ls a rr,14 tFor,nt.l.,constructed rlth bhe denonstratlrc pronoun.
Old TurkLsh:
Flnnlsh:
Mordvinian:
cf. dia]ect: Iz.u. s.u.s.
ze-/21- ) Cheremlss : ta-, t|-
1i, a u.s"';6 s rrsc eE.
NoLc: We camot say that the 01d Turklsh word ls a borrowing as we cen 8!e
thabrin the language which ls called Old SlavLc, the truc ncanlng of the
personal pronoun 'raz6 - I tr l-a rr4yse1f, my personrr . Therefore thlcelenent ls not of Indo-European orlgin.
OId Slevtc: (slne.) t'L4t= yot,
LappSl to- = u.s.Mordvini.an: to- = [oa.CheremLssi t3-, tl- - u.s.Votyak: to- - rlre.
ZytIan: te- = u.a.
lr'rongol-ian: Ei- - llrs.Flnnlsh: sl- = ursr
Old Turkish: sl-- - urao
Sunerl-an: za/zc-, zl-/ - u.a. etc.
The original anclent forrn ls the Srunerlan. Ttre othcr clcments orlglnate fron
bhia form.
Hlstorlcal Phonetics:
Zyrian : te-llongollan: di-Flnnlsh/Turklsh: el/se-
What, data can prove the Indo-European otlgln?
:jd: cs6ke-Botos
Proof
The on = he (masc.) ts thc orlglnal personal pronount conslstlng ofo- and -n, the pronominal sufflxlona = she (fem.) ts the pronoun o-, the pronomLnel suffl-x -n- and the
demongLratlve pronoun -&;ono = it (neut.) !"s the pronoun o-, the prononlnal sufflx -n- and the
de&onstrative pronoun -o.Thc ortglnal meanihg of the fenlninc pcrsonal pronoun was: o-n-a- r
she-that-there; the neuter : o-n-o - 1t-that-herc....Or1glnally, the language whLch ras callcd Slaylc dld not havc a
difference ln gendcr. Durlng thc dovclopnent of the languag., ths folketynoJ-ogy developod that poselbility. fn thls parti*cular easc, thcy
lndlcated the dlfferencc ln gcndcr wlth dcruonstratl-ve pronoung and thlslatcr spread to the other parts of speech. The abovc elenents cxlst ln thcagglutlnative ]anguages a1so.
i!.le'
c.6.: Serbo-Croatian:
Turkish:
ilanchurlan:
wibh the pronorni.nal sufflx: l^n - u.s.ln, lna - u.s.
xe-ii)*eii)cw - d (hc) root; e-
e- or a- - 6Ge)hfin = hc (h- prothesls)
tdith these we havc pboven that the personal pronoun, 3rd. pcrson
of the Sl-avic language belongs to the agglutinatl"ve languages and the
dlfferentiatlon of gender slmply occurs wlth the demonstratlvc Ff,onouns.
on o-n - hc
b -heplural: o-lar they
cf. on-lar = u.e.1-he
MongoIJ-an:
Hungarlan:
Sumerlan:
Flnnlsh:
2n Thc Dcnonctratlvc Pronoun.
r) old slavlc:
Flnnlshr
llordrlnlant
ChcrGnls!t
lJ.t. llongoll.ant
Cfrcf. Czceh!
llorth [orcantTungurlan;
lbghuor:
frareni TaterrSutr6r1sn!
.39'
0% - thlr (naoc.)
te - u.s. (fen.)to - u.r. (ncut.)tf- - thlrtu- - thatr that onc therctc- - thfur tMa ona hcrcto- - thet'r that onc tharctl& - shlttr8a . tnattuSo - thet, that onc therctcra - that, that onc thcrotcdc - hcrftcdsr - \.s. /ttt/tJc, tc - thrt thcrc, thattf- - thattc- - thatr Chat onc thcrctbgf, ttgt - thet thcrcbc 376, 7l - thatr whlch
t'e 139, 27 - thatr rrtrlch
tl-ay ?1, 22 - hct Chat onc
a[ - Chat (naee.)
1L - u.c. (fcn)86 - uolo (ncut. )
iu . thet thcrc
3u - that thcrcsubu - thatcc - thlcr thatslcltl - fron thercItlnff - therc, over thorc
cs6ke-Botoa
b) 01d Slaflo!
Old Tutkhhr
furklchrJakutlFlnnl.shl
ef.cf.
-40- csBke-Botos
c) 01d slaviclTurklrhtKaaanJ .r' Tatar:Basklrian:
onl[, ona, ono ; that (a11 three gcndere)
o - thatrthat thercana - thatt lherelallE t tli3r
. , Now let us go back to.thc elrtbdy menLlonJpersonal pronoun inSerbo-Croatian: on, ona, ono = he .Word formatlon: Thc 01d.SlavLe dcrnonatratl.ve pronounronrB9 onai onoprovca that thc languages shlch have been decl"ared to be SlavLc, thclrd" person of the lrersonal pronoun concs frcm lhe aggrutlnau"ve languagesand the gender dlfferenbiatlon takes placo wlth the demonstratlve Dronoun --wit,hout any superiority...
3. The Possesgive Personal Pronouns"
Ol,d Slavic: moi = mlne (masc.)
noh.a : moJa (fem.)
moFe : moJc (neut.)Thls whore consbrucLion ls a genitlve consLruetlon, not a real- possesslvaporsonal pronoun, Jusb as l"n any other agglutinatlve Language. Thus:
mol(mo-l (masc.)
noJa(rno-J-a (fem)
noJe(no-J-e (neut. )
The root mo- ls the prrsonal pronoun - I - , as ln any othtr agglutinatlvclanguagc. The sufflx -1 ls the possessive suffix which can erso be seen lnthe Mongollan fanguage:
norin-i * of the horse
01d Slevlc mo-l - of that.Llkewlse Lhe Hungarlan word : enyfn (mine) : .ny-6-^, ls a possesslveconstruction.In 01d Slavic, Lhis constructlon ls expanded t,o the fcninine pender wlth allttle denonstratlve suffixl -a - that.Therefore 1n that case, we cannot speak of Indo-European origlns.
-tiI* csSke-Botos
In thc flnal rnalyrls, thc possosslvc auffixi -l; lo"r baek to theSr.rncrlan cuffk, -ag/ak, nhleh formcd the posscaslrc ease andlng es wc
heva rlrctrdy explalned.The ranc thlng occurr ln the rceond pcrson slngular, the only
dlffcrcnco bcln6 thet rc can rcc the posdesslvc caBc Ln ltr orlclnel fonn.togcther rtth the danonrtrrtlvc pirttcl"r.Old Slrvlcr trol( tv..ol - Jrourt
troJa(tv-ol-a r yourr (frmr)tvoJc(tv-ol-r - Jrour, (ncut.)
Phonatlecr Sunert"an: -ag)-ql Mongollan: -al/c[)-tHungarlan: -cy) -5)-fOld Slevle: -ot) -1
Thcrcforcr Old Slavle: bvol(tv-oLHungarlan! tt-6dl{ongolLang norln-s* - of the horsc
lfln th" thlrd person, Old Slrvle has no possesslvd pronounrr sal<l
Blelfcldt, 0p. Ctt. p" flr? rL7L/L n but lt us6! thc fo.llowlng posaesslvaconrtruetLontn
rc$o rl4nt- hLc eon, Just as ln the Rusrlan langrrnsa.Thcrcfore: l€go sYt,A+ - hLc son ,/ pronounccdz Jcgo/ lLteral mearrlnn:
hLa aon (chtfd).llongollanr Lnu nom - book hla l.c. hls book
ThLs atructurc l-s not Indo-European end not Slaviee but goea baek toldcntlcol forar ln the agglutlnatl.vc languages.lnalysl! ! lcgo - Jcgo (*6-9-6 - 51tcf. thc trenacrlbd Rusclenr Ji-r-6lll
Hungartant 6-v-Cl{onqollanr t-n-u/ pronomlnal partlelcSuncrlant -r-nl/ Sumorlan p,oesessive suff{r, lrd. prrr.
Thc orlffl-x, -nl has a genitlve funetlon"RogerdL€oc of, ho* nnrch rc obJcct to thls faet, thctlold Slavlctj l€io
lr of Hungarlan orLgln -- rhlch j"a tcrrlblc aven to thlnk oflti
rllrp
43t_
_llk6 - quantltyko-ttkb - hor nany?
to-llk% * a! dany as, Bo
tlinrn-llg r about ten thousard
nt? -Iig r rLlr
cs8kc-Botos-42- cs6ke-Botos
4. The Intenogati.vc Pmnouns.
Old S1avlc: kt6l,o? - vho?
E'ab? = wh&t,?
Both pronouns.are conpound words. klbto consista of kE? = who? ,the lnterrogativc pronoun, and -to - thatr the dcmonstretlvc pronoun. rtslltcral rneaning lsthrho-that?rt The cecord word conslsts of Y,fo- ,lr tl,the interrogatlve pronoun, whLch le forncd by thc paLatallzetlon of k6ttand also the demonstratJ-vc pronoun -to - that. Thcrcfore lltcrally: rhat-thet?wc havc secn thc rolatlonshlp of the dcoonstretlvc pronoun -to - that; nor vcshall show thc Ural-Attaic s{n{laritlar lrlth rcgard to thc lntcrrogrtiy€ pronorho
thc ruffh!Old Elavicr
Old Turklehr
k/6Lo?- who?/ u1.o-t.o.t/
kon? - rho?
kcn? - wtro?
klm? - who, that-rrho?kin? { u.s.
Sunerl-an! kl 46I, 21 - X., X,t = thc one nho, that whlch, xhoeltr:..what data provcs the atrlctly rndo curopcan origl-n of thes; partlclca?
Concluslon:
Ol"d Slavic: - whlch
- [rarcf. Scrbo-Croatlan: koJi, koJa, koJe
01d Turkish, Ulghur: qeJ'u - u.E.
01d Slavlc:Finnlsh:I'Iongollan:
01d TurklshtTurklsh:
cf.Tunguslan:
Llthuanlan:Senskrlt:
old Slevlc:cf. Turklsh:
k,r-4I, ka Fa, kol€
qayu-sl - lho anong thcrn?
haJ? - who?
tis - ursr (Indo- Europcan?)
kinr - rhat?,The ncgatlve ls formed wlth the partlclcs: nt_ and _ie:
c.8. Cheremlss: nltri ft nt--kit/ - nobody
nik€to-Xe - nobody
hlg kim-sc - nobody
The ne8atlve particre -nr-- cannot be of rndo-European orlgln becausclt cxists in Sunerian also: nu 7516 - ncgatlve
-+4--
TllE NUriifr,AIS
csBke-Botos
The Cardlnal Nu&erals.
According to linguJ,etlc reseereh, the ldontlcal fcatureg of thenumerals when compared ln two or norglanguaEies are of declslve l-mportance,Let us present a few exalrples thet show thet thc 01d slavlc nunerals cannotbe declared to be of rndo-Iruropean orlgln. Let us dlscuss the numerafslr2rl and l-0O which are identlcal ln Old Slavlc and ln the agglutlnativclanguages. Thus;
Old Slavlc: p6din% , l-€dlna, l€dino = 1 (three gendcre)
d[va, d/6vt * 2 (throe gcnders)Lr.lot€, trl = 9 (three genders)
sGto - 1o0 (three genders)a) SLatenent:
In the O1d Slavic languagc, the nuneral, Ir ls not of Indo_Europeanorrgln but goes back to simirar fragnents 1n thc agglgtlnetlve languages 8ndactualll' lt has no meanlng as a nutncral.Ploof:
Leb rrs take the OId Slavlc: tedin%pronounccd: Jedlno
Lhe root is: Jedin_Thlg r'rord is ldentlcal to the Flnnlsh word: esi = in front of, before, in front
KarJala dialcct I edl6c = u.s.rJuuo I edir{c - the flrst
Therefore, Old Slavlc: "JcdInE,wrltton: f€dln%
cf. Sumcrlan: ld 311+, IO - before, in fronL of, the front, prl,rceThe -j- soiind at thc beglnning of Lhe word ls a protheols...
Thls nuneral whlch ls decrared to be old slavic is not of rndo-Europeanorigln but orlginated from the Finniah. rts orlginal meanlng was not 1 (onc)but rrln front ofrr or rtthe firsttr, whlch ls logi"r1 because in no language 1nthe rorld do the numerals mean nunbors...
-b9- csBke-Botos
Iot uo repcat that the Flnnlahr edl6c - j.n front of, flrstOld SlavLct F€dtnlb - tpronounccd! J;dlno
b) Statceant.
Thc numaral 2 Ln the language whlch is called Old Slavle is noL ofIndo-Etrropcan-slav ortgln but l,! ldentlcal to tha nuneral 2 Ln the aggtutrn;rt.tva!.angue6el.
Proof
Thur, Old Slarle! dtva.2 (nasc.). It j"s elear thet thls nord, lnltr orlglnal forrn, 1r nlthout e consonant clustcr. Thcr:forc the inLennerH;rl.rvor..Ls 6tlll
"rltt. The ncanlng of thls rord lo not 2 butrrthe followlnq", .lust.er ln latln.."
Hlatorlcal Phonctlcar aan'a)aep)dava - d%vaThua Hongollant
cf, Suncrl,anr
de{ etold Slavler d%va - 2 l.e" the followtnqdo! L69/213/6/9 o approaehrarld, companton
o) ttatetrent.Tttc nuncral 3 ln Old Slarl€, tr4l€ tranrcrlbed trlJe * I doas not
trcen| 3 but trthat onc thorcnn Ag ruch Lt gocs back to the agglutlnat,lvelrnguagcr, ln thic care thr f{ongollan languager
trrc - thet onc therc (demonstratlve pronoun)
&eel"Lttcrary llongollant tcrc - thet onc thcrcOld Slavlc: trlaJe - thrccPhonctLcc: In the Old Slavlc, thc flrat vorel cllded.Rulcl
buttln thc languagc rhleh lt callcd 01d Slavlc, they dld not eouht 1,2,-1,
Jcdlnt ( Ftnnlah -edtfe - ln front, the flrstdGra ( ilongol-!.an dafa - thc followlngtr4Jc ( !,longoLlan terc - thab one thero ...
-\6-
LeL us now take the nuneral: a%to - IO0
ostyak: s6t, sit = 1Oo
Vogult sit ' u.s.Flnnish: sata e u.s.i"iordvlnlan: 'sada - urg
Cheremlss: gtd6' = u.s.Turknenlan: Jiif, = urerBasklrian:- J38 r u.s.U zbek:
Yakutl
csdke-Botos
juz = ursrgug a u.3.
HungarLan: szL, * u.s.Sumerlan: Uar2 i!6, t9/lOt - ma.ny, nunerous
Greek: aA47"g = 3600 / a borrowed word from thc Greeks
Phonetics: Xar) sEz r:z relatlonshlpAt the beslnninq of Lhe wrd: Y;5;51 "21At fhe end of the wordt rYQt) d)t)s ....
Accordlng to the above, the {centun-satemrr theory lo a theory whlch
cannot be proven.
In concluslon:
01d Slavie: t6ma * 10r0OO; crowd, throng
xalmuckr tii^l = ursrLit. Idongolian: tiimen = u.s.Old Turkish: tiimen = u.s.Tunguslan: tunan = u.s. etc.NoLe. Bielfeldl, Op. Clt. p. I?I/2I2 mentlons that lhese rrords cannot bc
identleal to tGM - darkness, but he does not menblon the ldcnLlcal featuresof the Altaie languagcs otherw"lse what would have become of the Indo-Eu.opean
superlority? Thls ls the rvay the Slavicists work.
Turklsh:Srnerlant
Flnnlghr
-ltf - csJke-Botos
The Ordlnal Nunorals
In Old Slavlcs prt&,rtL6-L - flrst; not a numeral, ldentleal f,o Lhe
01d Turklsh: blr - oner flrstblr * u.a.bar - rnal ?h, 27 = f1rstr prLnee
cf, Old Engllsht fonost - flrrt, chlefrn Old Slevlc thc -t'64 cufftx aets ar the ordlnal nuncrrl srrffrx!
Jctvr€- t?.O -l - fourthplrl-t4L -l - flfthlca- tt3 /o-l - elxth , ctc,lolfte-n-tc - thlrdnelJfl-n-t*'- fourth
MonSollan: ntgcn-te - for the flrst tlmc (polysernantlc )qbter-te - for thc second tlnrc
01d Turktahl tkln-tt - sacond eLe.Lct us eotrperc t,he guffh -l- alaoOld Slavtc: pr,6rrb,b -1 - ilrst
v6tor+Cl. -1 - sccorul'i{anchurlan: udtru-l- ftrat
lr-t- thtrd?hc tro rldrcnts prclcntd above ere noL of Indo-European orlgln
clthcr but are ldcntleet to clcnents ln the agglutlnatlve languaqes,
-48-
T}IE FOR}IATION OF THN NOUN SUFFIX
csSke-IJotos
The Noun
Lct us begln with the so-called o-deellnatl-on. Let ug take thelrOld
slavlJtword -grad%- ciby. Accordlng to llngulotlcs, thc ancl-ent forn of thleword ls the Indo-European worrC, *Sordos , whlch ls a hypothetlcel form and
eannot be found ln any wrltten document.
Thus: Indo-Europoan: *gordos
"ola sl*ul"':' graal'a
The Indo-European nornlnatl-ve aufflx !.s -os, whlch has dl-sappoarcd from
the Old Slavlc language, more lpeclfleally, the -s has dlsappcared and the -o-has rernained. therefore the -o- bccamo the nomlnatlvc suffl-x Ln words rlthslmilar endings. Thls ls llngulstlce. Thls supposed progresslon cannot bc
proven by any klnd of phonotic reasining. 0n thls basls, the Fl-nnl'sh r+ord
talo - house could be sald to havc en Indo-European orlgin, together rltha1l other words cndlng ln -o. The Ol-d Slavlc gradE - city' ln ita strucLure,
is ldentlcal to the Flnnlsh word talo*house.The accusatlvc ls ldehtlcalto the nominattve, grad'lr* clty. Accordlng to li.nguistlcar thls word was
formed thtrs:
Indo-llurripean' rtqord-on) qord-d)gord-6 * gradG
The accusatlve sufflx therefore has dloappcared. Naturally there ls no proof
of thls prociesslon either. Accordlng to this the word ls untraceable.
Thn plural slgn of Lhe nomlnatl,ve p1ural was Joined to the cnd ofthe word by the sign: -2. Thus: x-ot)-i. Thls explanatlon cannot bc
proven by any phonetlc data; however, ln Flnnlsh, we can find a logicalrelationshlp. e.g. the f,lna.ill -a- disappeared, makine way for the plural
suffix -I.lhus: muna= egg
nun-i-ssa = ln the eggs
Ol-d Slavlc: grad-i = clilesIn thls case, the Old Slavlc plural sufflx is -1, which ls identleal
to the Flnrrlsh guffix. In spite of every explanaLi.on of the Indo-Europeans,
ib is clearlv a Finnlsh suffix.
-\y cs6t<c-Bolo;
fh6 lrdoTEuri[pdanLaccur.:r pJ.ural suf fLx le -ns e.g. Crctan-cr..kr.Ii.rraV5-nolreli GoLhlo! Holfa-nc - xolvce.
Togcthcr rlth the flnal voreL l.t becomca -ona, from whleh the Old 3lavlc forrn
1r auppoeed to have been derlvcd.Thus: -ont )-Ut. Natural\r'phoncble hlstory has no proof of thls.Olhcnrlle ths Indo-Europcan clenenta would cxlst ln the agglutlnative )nrr4u,ryr.a
alro. c.6. Crctan-Crcek: .lfiXO-V-g- rollresGothlc:Flnnlsh:llongol.lan: snc-! - mothers
figc-a - words etc.Ac ve can acc, thc lrdo-Europcan sufflxes ere not origlnal sufflx6r
ln the so-called Old Slavlc Language, but rather ldentlcal to the cor.recforrttrrpolcnents tn the egglutlnatlve langragest the eccuseLlve sufflx -n arxl t,he
plurel sulflr -c ar! plural aufflxar Juat ar thc plural sufflx -1. Whore
la thc proof to eonbradict thl!?L.t us uec the aullLxco to eompa.re thc nord grad6 wlt.h Lhe 5ertro-Crr:rt.l
rolfa-n-s - u,s.talo-n - housc
Gcnltlvcl gredo
Datl.vcr grsdou
Accusatlvel gradltVocetlvct gradclInrtrunentallur': gradon%
locqtlvcr gradB
Slngular:llonlnatlvct
ef. Flnnlsh:
OI"d SLavLc:
Serbo-Croatian:
Old slavLa
gradJ(o
talo - house
Srad% ' citYgrad - city
Serbo-Croetlan
grad - el[yBrade - of thc eltySredu - to thc cltygrada - elty!lr8dG Igradon - *lth thc el Lv
gradu * ln Lhe eltyl'lotc! In Sartro-CroeUlanrln Lhc nontnatlve sase, the flnal vowel disal'pcnrr.Now lat uo show the ldentlcal cLasrentr ln Lhe agglutlnatlvc lanquages Rrrrl
prorc thet the Old SlavLc noun culfLreg arc not of Indo-European or.lplrr.The NoglnaLLve Cagc
In OId .jlatle and Serbo-CroatLen, lt ls urunarked; ln Scrbo-Croat.lnrr
the flnal vowel dlsappearc.
-<n-
The Genltive Case
The genitive sufflx in O1d Sfavic lsin Serbo-Oroatian
cf. Czech
cs6ke-Botos
Note
In the Czech language, the posscssl-ve sufflx has a dlfferent sound
accordlng to vowel harmony. It can be traced not only ln the livlng language
but also to the vowel- harmony ln rords Lhat have elreadv fallen lnto dlsuse.
The qenitive sufilx in 0l"d Slavlc and ln any Slavlc languaqe, In lts ancl"ent
form, l-s a vowel whlch can be traced to an ldentlcal form ln the Sumerian
language, regardless of the gender of the noun.
The Sumerian genitlve sufflxlg or -ak was crplalned when re presented
the Sunerian possesslve adJectlvc sufflx, the Surnerlan phonctlc hlstoryand the siml-lar elements ln the Old Slavic language. cf. points 8, t.However, we shal-l present lt again here.
Sunerl,an:
Llt. liongolian:
Hungarian:
UrarLu:
Hurrlte:01d Slati"c:
Sunerlan:
Urartu:Hurrite:O1d Hungarian:
l4ongolian:
Korean:
01d Slavlc:
-ag/ -at<) x-a1
-/"/t and -wa
-we
-a
-&
-4, -Ur -C, -Y
-ag, -ak
-ap/ -e! : genlttve sufflx-llr -1 u.3.
-6, -1, -it/ -iz adJectlvc sufflx-wa, -/c/l : genlLlve aufflx-we Ur3r
-ovt / -evV,: possessive adJective
-a, etc. : genitive suffi.xWe are not golne lnto detall about the ldcntlcal olements ln other
ttSlavicrr languaqcs becauso ar\y gramnar book answers these questions.
Phonetic history:
-ey, (folk) : -cJ,-nak, -nek
-a|/ -elr -ur -i-91, -,1, -I-ov'6f -ev'1,, -lt'a, -%, '&,
ad Ject lve
et,c. : genitive
-tr: cs6ke-Botog
llxample:
Old Slstle; grad-s - ot theScrbo-Croatlan: grad-a - of theCaccht hrad-u - u.s.
but lca-e - of theSlovek: hrdln-u - of theMongollanl morln-u r of the
but norln-i. - ur6o
NotGt Thc abovc-mentloncd carc-erdLng -e bclongs to the so-ealled -o,/-.lodcclLnatlon, the rnscullne end neuter dccllnatlon; t,he -el -)a decllnntlonbclng for thc most part thc fcmtnlne decllnatlon rrlth thc sufrtx -24, Inthc genltlve cace.
So 01d Slarle: gred-a - of the clt.y...bub Eor-'t1o - of the mountaLn
Mongollan: norl-n-l - of the horge
morin-u - u. co
Thcre ere no data to provc that thesc clemenLs are of Indo-lirrpeJ,palorlBln.Datlvc Casc
In [hls ces. He rl11- prccent thr relatlonshlp beLween two nourrs:
Brad'f, - clty ertd mfi4 - nan. In thc vord mtllo , t.hc flnal sourxl clrrrrgerl
fron tho -[, wlth an frunlautn. Thc datlve sufflx ls: *on/;4/
eltyclty
foresL .. "
hcro
horse
01d Slevicl
Serbo-Croatlanc
Czcchr
Mongollanr
Old Turklgh:
Brad-ou - to the eltytauX .ou - to thc man
grad-uY. &UZ -U
hrad-u
nuf, -l ard muY-ovl
qat:an-a - to the Khan
Rdaq-a - to thc leq
'52=
nek-e-m = Lo me
nek-i = to hlnna?-e = to me
6.2-" = to the woman
URU-l-e = to the cltyev-e = to the house
ki-e - beslde the door
6eg-e = here
!i.U-e = (to) home
sarain- e = to the man. etc.
csBke-Botcs
As we can see there are no Indo-EuroDoan eharacterlstlca l-n these words.
Hungarlan:
cf.Western Turklsh:ostyak:
Urartu:Turklsh:Sumerlan:
Korean:
AccSaLive_Case
01d Sl-avlc:
e.E.
Serbo-CroaLian:
cf. Czechl
Chuwash:
Turklsh:
l,tongolian:
North Korean:
^f
Soulh Korean:
cf.cf. Vogul:
Manehurl-an:
-&and -4 /-o, -igrad-tb = citXmuZ -4 = man
grad-a = cltXniuz-a = marl
holub-a = pigeon
rnuz-e * man
t6 v-a = nountaln. vYoag-l = u.s.ev-i = house
ger-l € u.s.Saram-u = man
sar*.m-L = uo s.dog-o = weapon
6or;-u = ure.jan-a - sheep
li-rn - horse
-ma = accusatlve sufflxcf. l,ail.n -lr = u.s. elc.
According to these, Lhe ll,ianchurlan and Vogul languages are of Indo-European origln...
-5t- ris6ke-Botos
l,,gegtl.ve Casc:
old slarlc! !b, -6/t\ - Lr\, 4- l/Aecordlng to llngulst,s, theso elcmenLs nerc fornred by Lhe eombl.natlon ol" t,lra
flnal vonel and the nirlaoc-auffl{'r -$ ) - S an<l -ct ) -1"llorrever thera l.s no ncccssl-ty for thls dcrLvatlon becattse the flrral
tor€l dlseppcared to Blvc pleac to thc casc endlngs!
o.8. grad-6 - ln the cltyvmua-G - ln the man
Scrbo-Croatian: Erad-u - ln the eLtfvDui-u - ln thr nen
Czcch: tnu{-t - l-n tho nnn
but les-c - ln the forestdub-c - ln thc oakr on the oak
ard roh-u - ln the horn
gl-6 . Ln the nlghturu-e - ln the cltye-sl-a - ln thc pl-acc
!rarah-6 - ln tho nan
;8t-a - tn thc house
f,aJar-a- Ln thc count,ry, etc.
Teter 3
Flnnlsh:
Slovak:
$unerian:
Urarturf,orean!
Ortyaktllongollanl
Thcsc crdlnga cannot bc aald to bc eceLdcntal nor ls there n posslblllt.v
t,hat they arc borrc|rlngsS hcrc r.e Bre t,alklng of a gcnetLe ldenlluy, reqnrtllarr
of how loud\y the Flnno-Ugrlc llngulsts obJect to ltl
InstrunenLal Cascg
01d Slarlct Erad-onfL- rlth the eltynuf,-enB ' rlth the man
Scrbo-Crratl-ant grad-oo - rlth the eltynut-em - wlfh tho nan
Czech: hrad-em - rlth the cltY
,nuX-cm ' ltlth the man
old Turklsh: tHnlr-An . wLth lronyada5 -In - on foot (Ilt. v,tth foot)
JaJa-un'uosrpuu-n - rlth wood, ete.
Thc Ot.d slevlc cndlng 15 ldrntlcel to the casc endlnss of Lhe llral-Allalc
languag,est -n, -an, -6h1 (n) m)
*t4- Csoke-Elotos
The Plural and its endlnss.
plural suffix ln OId .9lavlc ls: -i. The equlvalont exanples lnHunparlan are:
GenitiveOId Slavlc: (elision of flnal vowel) -6'( |t-on and - 4o(:t-1n
grad-'6 = of the cltlesntV,-4o = of the Eer rr.
Flnnish: pultt-en = of the ttees
laloJ-sn - of the houses
AccordLng to these examples, thls sufftx ls not of Indo-fiuropean orlgln elther.
The
Fl-nnlsh and
Ielircllvs01d Slavic:
Flnnish:
Hungarlan:
Datlve
O1d SLavic:
Estonlan:
Hungarlan I
Sumerlan:
PhoneLic hisLory:
grad-i = citi.esr.,X-1 = *"n
talo-i--ssa= in the house
pu-i-ssa - in bhc trees
lova-lm = my horsegr ete.
grado{'I, = to the clticsmuie-rnG = to the men
Jalgadc-nl = to the legs
motetc-nl - to the thoughts
Orosz J6nos-nl = to JSnos Orosz
rni rm-Nl-ri - the boat over there
1m-m1-l{I-gar = took Lhem ovar there
-nl)-m1 = -n%
-t5- csljke-Boto::
Accusatlvs
Old SLaric:
Old Turklahr
FlnnLeht
Tunguslanr
Iuatrgrontalr r,:
Old Slavlet
Flnnlrh:
Ipcq0lrcOld Slavle:
Urarbu:
gad-E,b - ettLernur-rn r men
qldnEfn-{n -tlmfrig-ln r
tLl-n -puu-n
nd-Je - watcr
ihu"-u - whab
$ad-fr{o - vlth the cltle*nut-l - ntth the nen
pul-n - nlth thc Lrees
eiGral-n - wlt,h the guests , ate.
gred.$eh6 - tn the cltlesurrt-tch& - ln the nen
-agl : c) ch
-$ch%
-esa-.Xr ete.
ilotc a Thc ol"d slavlc sufflx la a compound. rt eonslsts of the loeat.lvo -!i-end thc dlrecbl-onaL suffLx -;b. Aceordln[ to llngulstlcs, t]re old :ilHvlcaound -ch- gocs beck to the oldcr *s- gound. Therefore our coneluslonsconccrnLng thlg sufflx are coracL ln erery aspeet. hleturally thle eoml,orrrrcl
sufflx alto cdats ln the othol af,glutlnatlve landuageae c.g. Cheremlas, lrrs rlmllar coopourd fornl -c{ ( -"-t.Thual cr tupi-eE - ln the nornlng d.vI prescnt Btclfeldtra oxplanablon of the orlgln of thls Old Slavle suffixef. 0p. Ctt. p. 130.0
Tha hypothot,lcal Indo-European xordr rr-olsu
Old Slavlcs
UrarturCherenlss:
on thet pagc we can also see the dcrlvatlon of lhe Accusatlvo Plrrrnl srrfflx.
Indo-European:
Old Turkish:Mongolian:
-56*
-ens ( -en-s-{n, etc.
-s ...
Cs6kc-Botos
Now we can draw t,he concl"uslon that ln the languaqe which is calledOId Slavlc, Lhe order of the noun aufflx ls not of Indo-Europcan orl-qlnbccauge that Indo-lluropean origln cannot be proven by eny klnd of llngulsticdala, but the connectlon with the agglutlnatlvc languages Ls obvlous. Thcr'Old Slavlcrr langua4e belonps ln the fanlly of the agclutlnaLlvc lanrlrages.
We rnust n€ntion that, ln the Mongollan languaqe, Lhe -s suffix belongs
to the most ancient plural suffixes. Therofore, we cannot talk of forelgnlnfluence. €.[.! em€-s = womcn; ere-g - men. Also the -n sufflx, e.q.:amlta-n = l"ivlng matter(plu.); morlta*n - horsemQle Cdlr6eiliiC1tlt', liliai3ef..lr"i:re
are not of Indo-!)uropean origin oither.According to llnguisLlcs, malnly the mascul,lne and neutcr noung
belong to the above-presented ordcr of sufflxcs ln the O1d Slavie languaqe.
The nouns whlch end ln -a are for Lhe most part ferninlne, accordlng
Lo lingulstlcs. The disslnllarlty of the femlnine noun case endingo, lncomparison, l-s not due io hisborlcal or phonetlc devlatlon. The fuslon ofthe case endings wlth the flnal vowel reaulted ln thls dlsslmllarlty.e.g.: masculine:
Ncuter:
Femlnl-nc I
Mongollan
genltive grad-e = of the cityri sel-a = of Lhe vlllago
" gor-ft7" - of the mountal"nrl morin-u = of Lhe horsc
In the ltongollan language wc see the orlglnal genltlve suffix,whlle in bhe 01d Slavlc we can sce how the final sourd and the genltivcsuffl-x created the possible dlssimllarlty, whlch means that Lhe Old Slavlc
language, ln lts origln, has no connoction of any kind wlih the languaqe whlch
ls called Indo-European but raLher beJ.ongs to the group of agelutlnatlveIanguages.
The wrlter seeslAat ln the Old Slavlc language the noun gender
dlfferenLlation is a later developnent. Il developed afLer the Slavic language
broke away from the famlly of agglutlnaLive languages.
-r7- csBke-8otos
Thcrefore there arc the -o, *ao -1 and -f decllnatlonsr(whlch end
wlth e consonant). A 61n11-er sharaeterlgtle ean also bc forrnd ln Flnnl.sh
6rf,r -o'-t;-f cte. Notc that thc order of the noun gufflx ln the Old Slavlclanguage 10 s hypotheslt of the nodcrn llngulats. IL eannot be proven
wlth any klnd of data that thc pcopLc rho spokr tha tt0ld Slavlef languagc
Gver uscd thla order. Thc orlglnal altuallon eordd lrave been Just as ltlr ln the Flnnlsh language. Thla natural order Just leter on beeamc thebssl-c of the gonder dlffcrcnhatlon becauae wr can also say that bhe words
ln the Flnnlsh languagc whlch crd ln the lcbLcr -o are of rrascullne p'enrler,
c.g. talo - house, lukko - lock; thc words endlng ln -a are femlnlne, e.g.omcna r applc, hlnte - flood, erc,
Ccrtaln klnds of gendcr dlffcrentlatlon ean also bc noLlced lnHongollan, cf. Ranstadt - Elnfuhrung... II. 39.
€.g. masc. : Eagan - rhltcfen. IagakEln - u.s.
noJan - Lord
noJakan - ladtkcii - boy
haiikcn - glrl, cte.Taklng thes€ lnto conoldcretlon, lt ean bc proven that, thc Slavlc
lengrage orly leter on dcvcloped the noun gender dlflcrcntlatlon rrlLh t ho
hclp of the dcmonstratlve pronour, Just as the personal pronouns ln t,he
thlrd pcraon sl,nguilar Lndlcated thc gender,.. In the BuLgarlan lanqunge
there lc a trecc of thla posrlblllty, a.g.gVlak - traln but: vLak-4t - the traln (nasc.)
and Tlak-s - u.s.stena - rall butr rtene-tn - the rall (fem.)
pole - ficld but: potr-to - the flel-d (neub.)
In the fenlnlnc rord nr ean see f,he -a endlng whlch ls tdentlea.lto the demonsLratlve pronoun (there). In the neuter gender, r*e can.qee tha
-c endlng xhieh ls ldcntl,cal to thc demonstratlva pronoun (herc). Ttra
Bulgarlan folk ctymologr ues unaHerc of the gendcr dlffercntletlon wlt,h
t,he -a and -c oufflxes, t,herefore they addod thc demonstraLlve pronouns -l,n nrxl
-rQ- cs6kc-Botog
Consequently, $te are talklng 6f a determlnatlon whlch ls an anclcnt
characteristlc of the agglutlnatl"ve languages, c.g. the Sumerlan a1so,
cf. AnOr 28. 9l+b. -e, a suffix rhich lndlcatcs nearncast
gala-e = the (gala) prleste-pa-e = the canals, etc.vlak-a = the tralnEtu-r = the house
rrlni = I, etc.
Bulgarlan:Korean:
Flnnl-sh:
Rule: In the language which ls called"old Slavtcf the detelrdnatlve sufflx,ln the eourse of the developorent of the language becamc the suffir detcrmlnlng
gender.
r39- eg#ke-Fotos
Thc, P-eJlsonal Pronoun SuffLf,,_ ,
The ordcr of the personal. pronoun ruffk end lts alemento ln the Old
SlCvle languaqa erc eLso ldentlcal" to alnLLer clements ln the agcLutlnatl.vs
languages.
l'loo$natlve
01d Slavlc: az& - I (ltteral rneanlng - rry own, you )
A6 rt ean rcc lt la not a truc pcrsonal prohoun.
9cnltlv-cOld SLavlc:
Llt. l,longollan:
Eatonlen:
DatlveOld SlavlcrOld Turklsh:
Hungerlanr
and nek-l - to hlntlcrtcrn lurklah ", M7 -l - to nc
nan-e - lr1nr
mtn-u - u.t.frln-u - u.c"
n,&n-t - to nc / nA-n!$/nAt-ar !"s"/M-!-a/nek-a-n- u.c. I Just the rufflx ls ldcntlcal/
Urartu:Turklshr
AccusatlvcOld slavlcrEatonlantlfotcr The OLd Slavle guffh ls ldcntlcaL to the nomlnatlve bas. ln thc Old
Slavlc language, whlch ls not used ard whlch ls ldentlcal to the sufflx In
the Eatonlan languagc. In both languegcs the personal. pronoun ls urunnrknd
ln the accusatLte cate.cf. 01d lurklshr dcflnlte fotmr
nln-l - mc
nen-t r nc
mln-c - rn€1 Gtc.
Unu-l-t - to the clty6T-e - to the housc, etc.
frrfr ' trC
nA r lloto
S*bo-CroatlanrTunguslan:
Rule: Neif,her the ordcr nor tha sufflx can bc of rrSlavlcrr orLgln.
*(fr-
InsLrunenial01d Slavic: with elision : m6n-o-F$ - rlth me /r-li/Lanut-Tunguslan: ml.n-nun - rr.S
Flnnlsh: min-un = u.s.
csSke*Botos
,Hdrr-t - ln rne
nran-a - in us
mG4 = we
ma - u.9.me = u.armr * urSr
ba -u.s., etc.
nas-r(g
na+nll
nas-6... etc.na-dur - to us, ln us
na-rna-yl - us
na--ooa-bar- with us, etc.Note In this case He have present,ed thc root. The na- root can also bcfound ln the Mongollan ranguage. Therefore wo cannot talk exclustvely ofIndo-European origln. We know the elements of the suffixes.
Logative
OLd Sl-avlc:
Mongolian, plur.:
Jotn:!!g!i3, pluralOld Slavlc;Ustonlan:
Cherendss:
Flnnlsh:Mongolian:
GenltiveO,ld Slavlc:
Datlvg
01d Slavlc:
Ac cusal lveOld Slavlc:cf . Llterary llongollan:
-6lL
Djlongtrative pronoun Suffi{og"
crJko-Botos
Old Slevl"c: 'L/vJA/ - Lhld (masc.)
E/tJc/ - u.s. (o?ut. )
E/ zJa/ - u.s. (ren.)cf. In coanecblon vlth thla, thc llungarlan deuronstratlve words: ltt, anltL,anott... (herc, over hera, over there).Thc root Ln l(oreanr
Tunguelahr/Gold,/:
cf. Hoghuorr
O!ftaktZtrrl.ent
MordrlnlantNonlnatlvsl L r thl,s0er.Det.
Ae6.
InsLr.Loe r
1, Jc - thlr8-/ c-, Jc-/ - tr,d.
nLGi u.r.1- - thlcC- r UoEr
C- r U.8., CLeo
a4 - u.a"lego - of thls s€Eo - u.r.
lemou - to thlc lGfiolr r uoco
t - thk 14 - u.s.ln4- rlth thLg sLrn6 - u.o.
l€mG- Ln thlt 6rrDt , u.6.
c.L lh , th;6
Ttc ruota of both thcsc clementr can be found rn t,he aqglutrnaLrvaLenguages Just as rc have prrlcntcd thcm. l{a know thc sufflxes from thoconnectlon! elth the noun suf,flleso Therefore ee cen statc t,het, the ordslavlc language cannot be of rrdo-European orlgln. The lanquage formaLronrhleh res dcclered to be oLd slavlc in ltr structure and LLs sbructurer6lement6 ls an agqlutlnatlvc languagc regardlcss of how mueh thrs rs rrerrrnrr.
The gender dlfferenttatlon was also construeted wlth the demorrstratlvrpartlcles here and -!!qre ln the langurge rrhlch is ealled O1d Slavtc.c.8c 1- thLs (naac.)
l€(lre . thlgl (ncut.)t4<t+a - thatr (fem.)
Wlth thcse connectlonr re can al-so prove that tho gender dlffererrllal,rrrts not a duperlor racl-al characterlstlc but ls a elmple ereatton ofnecessLty, conabructed trlth tha ald of the dcmonsbratlvc rrarttcles.
-62- Csoke-Botos
The Adlectlve Suffix and the Comparlson of Ad..lqctiveg.
Note that t,f,u Ota Slavlc language forms its adJectlves wlth the above-presented -1- and also forns its nouns with the demonstratlve oronoun -i-.This is ca1led deterrnlnatlon.e.g. OId Slavie: nov% = new , novr(.4 I = the new
dobr{= good z dobr'f,4l = tho good
therefore rneaning newness and goodncss oLc.The same sufflx, with the same structure ean also be found ln the agglutlnatlvelanguages:
e.g. Tungusian: bun-f - the llfebakar-T = thc finder
cf. Ramst,edt, Einfuhrung ... II p 80/81
In OId Slavlc, the superlatlve ls cxpressed rith the -L, pronounced: -Jt.
01d slevlel
Scrbo-Croatlan: alabl-Jl - u.r.
-63- cs3'kc-gotos
61ab-tl ' weakclt
e.8.
Serbo-Croatlan equivalent :
slabi) slablJl = weakest
skorl) skortJl - fastestThe 01d S1avlc sufflx ln thls case wes forrned by a phonctie fuslon:
-X-le ) lBrThis suffix ls a characterlstlc of the agglutlnatlve languager; therc le
stlLl e trace of lt ln Hungarlan.
Thus, OId SLavie: sIabJbI = weakest
Sebo-Croatlan: slabi-Ji = u.s.Hungari-an: 6rett-Je-bb ) Srett-c-bb = rlpest
'6reg-je-bb ) 6reg-e-bb = oldestbut: bc[-Je- bb = furthest ln
fo1-jc*bb = furthest up
In Hungarian, consequently, the ancient cornparaLlve sufflx was -Ja,-Je, -6, -6, -a, -e, and the -bb however was the superlative suffix. The
cqu!.valent can be seen in the irlnnlsh language: -l-rnba/ -i-mbl , Lhe
Supcrlative sufflix. The -i srrffix ls the comparatlve sulifix but its functlonhas become lndist,inct. Consequertly, ttte'bta Slavlc'rconparatlve sufflx lsldentical- to.the Flnnish, thrngarlan, etc. eguivalents.
slab'1p = weak
skor4 = fast: s1ebl61 = weakesi
: skor-i8l - fastest
Hungerlan:
Flnnlsh:
gcn!
dat.cf. OLd Slarlc:gen!
but !
fel-Je-,bb - furthegt up
huono-l-npa ' rrorst
dobr-a - of good
dobrou - to good
rn llungar!"an, the -Ja/-Ja sufflxcs have beeorne al.mosL obsolete anrr arevcry rarely usrd. €.9. bel-Je-bb - furthest inItr orlgtnal meanlpg3 bel-Jo ! comparatlve
bel-Je-bb : euperlativeThc functlon of the aupcrLetlre hes become obsolete, therefore llunqarln.ules the prefl-x 1eg- to form the euperlatlve.
rn old lilavlc, the supcrlail.ve has no dlstlnet slgn tnrt the preflx: rrrtls uaed to lndleate the superlatlye. Thc Old SLavle: nel- E lep- alsocxlrts ln the agglutlnatl"ve Lenguagee.
€of,o Tub.: naJ' vcryHakr! neJ - vertJakut3 nE.J - very
Thue, Old Slavl"c: naJ-ekor$e - the fastegtScrto-Croatlan: naJ-slabt-Jl - t,he weakcst
Rulc; In the language whLeh l-c catred old slavle, the adJeetlve sufflxen, rtr^trrtncture and eomponehts, ar€ ldcntleal to the equlvslents tn the agqluilrrni,tv^languages, rhleh mcans that the o1d s1sv1" language bel-ongs tn Lhe fnmlryof agglutlnatlvc lan6;uages.
The edJectlve auffixes are dLvldcd lnto tr,so groups. FLrstl thn norr_
dctermlnaLe end sccond the deterrlnate group.
?he datennlncd bagc conslsts of the root word of the ad.Jectlve and thodcnonstratlvo pronoun! t/z J6 / ".rg. Old Slayle I II
dobr-a-FEgo - of Lhe goorl
dobrou- l€mou- to the good, et.c.
dobra 8lo{bka - of goort men
dobra- }llgo Efor'$t a- ]ego - of the gond nen
*6,l+* csSke-Botos
The use of Lhe suffix ls obvlous. We have already presented theidenticality of the suffllxca to those of the agglutlnative languaqes.The determinativc characteristlc ls al-so e charaeteristic of the agglutlnativelanguages. Congruence is not only an fndo-European characterlstlc but italso exists in nrany agqlutinatlve languages, e.g. Finnish, Tunguslan etc.and we cannoL trace thls back io a foreign LnfLuence. Let us notiee the followlng:
ez/ az/ eraber = lhls man (nom. )
ennek/ az/ embernek a = of thlg nan (gen.)cf. ez6/ azl ember6 - belonging to thls rnan
ennek/ az embernek = this nan (dat)
azL/ az enbert. = thls rnan (acc./ezzel/ az emberrel = wlth thts nan (lnstr.) etc.
Note the Old Slavlc:dobr-a leso
.,t.,,t,_llT,cfalIy: .lo-naK Ova =++good-for-hi.s (for his good)
whose idenlity with slmlIar elements ln lhe agglutinatlve languages cannotbe denied, as we have seen.
The Prorroninal Ad-iectives.
01d Slavic:
Old Turklsh:
Cheremlss:
!lordvinian:
klto4rl = whlch (masc.)
kor€ = u.s. (neut.)ko61 = u.s. (fem.)
qayu = u.3.kudo = u.s.kona = u.s., etc.
The root, as we have seen, ls : ko-. Let us presenL lts sufflxes.Thus: Nom. k%{r-1 = whlch
ko- fg go = of whlch
ko- l-C mou = to whlch
ko-ten6= in which
kEaa-fnG = with which, etc.Thls root cannot be declared to be excluslvely of Indo-European orlgln. l,re
know the origins of the suffixes, therefore with whaL riqht did llngulstlcsdecrare th6 J'anguage whi-ch is called "old .sfavicr to be of rndo_E'ropcan oriqi.
Gen.
Loc.
Instr.
-6F- cs6ke-Bot os
Shc Nuncrel Sufflxes
l{c shall Just present the follorlng:01d Slavlcr Norn. des,grt& - tan
Ocn. dee,ot-t/-c - of tcnDat. dcsdrt-l - to tenAee. dcs0t{o - tenInstr. desrtht+-|fi = vlth ten
Loc. dos.t|t-t . ln tenr cte.Notc: The NomlnatLve arrd Accuratlve are unmarked ln Slavl.c. The GentLlvrrufflx te: -1/-c. We know that, from the Hongollan language, the lraLlvasufflx le also reeo6lnlzable, G.g. Hunqarlsn : nek-i. The slgn for ttrelnotruncntal eesc Ls: -ff,/ t(-J-t, nasal,, therefore tn Old Turklstr: -Yrr,nr,r"Thc Locatlve casc cen bc shown ln eny of the agqlutlnati.ve tanquages as wo rrrvaelready seen. The word formatlon, or the noun root, conslste of the nnlrr root:d?r-, edd:th€ narallzod noun-sufflx -ab/:ent - abstract - ean be fourrl nv,.r.y
th*G ln the agglutlnatlva lenguageg. The llteral meanlng of the root ls :
totaltty. Thc naln root! dcr-, ln Sunerlan: deU- - together, in oLher worrlr;the ten flngers together, thc tot,ality of the ten flngers, wlthout nry,'[rrrl.-.European' superl,ority.
Naturally, the tlungarLen vord : t{a - ten also belonqs hcre.
=66=
Tii-[ ViJiiB $UF'r'Ijr' Ai'IIJ ITS COi/J,0N!]N,|5
csdke-Botos
Blelfeldt. 0p. c1t. p. r,85, shows in the forrowing wav the structure ofthe verbal suffixes of Lhe Slavlc language:
nos -1 -9 -te = you (plu.) carriedverb root I Iuerbel suf 1ix€_-=_-_l
Iaorlst suffixpersonal suffix (plu.
The wniter wil-r present the ldenticar structure in the agqlutinatlvc languages:
personal sul'flx (pIu.
The old iilavlc language tn rts literal meanrng is rn aggrutinatlveranguagel rf the reader, up Lo thts pornt has only cautiously accepted thrspossibrlity' he now has Lo aceept the proven datal llot only the fact of thesuffixes is obvlous but even the sufflx components are a]go identlcal"Thus, 01d Slavl-c:
DsLonlan:
Larrrut-Tungus lan:Cheremiss:
nos-i-s-te = you carried (plu. )
lug-e-sl-te = you read (plu. past)dpg-sl-sen = you flew (plu.)ll$-t-ta = you ltved (plu) , ebc.
The reader can not,ice that , for exarnplc, the OId Slavlc _s_ and theUral-Altalc coixponenLs -sI, -s-, -5-, -6-, are ldenti.cal, and therefore theOtd Slavic language ls not of Indo-European orlgln. How ls it posslble thatllnguistic researcl- never notieed these connectlons?
^67- cs8ke-Botog
TilE TRtsl'I,TT TENSE
Let us begl.n the preecntatlon of the verbal sufftx wlth thcPregent tense. Lct ua also taks ln cornparl.son Lhe Serbo_Croatianconncctlons. Lct uo gce the sloilarltles and dlfferences.Stng. Old Slavlc:
ved-fi - I l"cad
ved-c-3i - you lcadved-c-t6 = hc lcads
The Peroonal suffkcstOld Slavlc: -ft
v,_s1
-rb
Thust 0I-d SlavlclTungualan:
Serbo-Croatlan
vod-l-n = u.s.vod-l-{ = u.s.vod-l - u.s.
Scrbo-Croatlan: -m(-s
-ill'fotor Acconllng to lingulsblcs, tho Flrst I'erson sufflx ls : _ X./z -g/rhl,ch aupposedly goes baek to thc Indo-European tuffl,x | -nl, so thaL,8t thc end of the ron{, or together wlth the verbal root, the _m_ soundbeeame nasalized:
-oqnl/ -e-,nf ) -c-n)-en) -9 or -q ..rt l"c pronounccd lLkc trc r'rencrr ifln,,:" rmarson'r.fiowever, t,hrs dertvnr.r'rrcannot be proircn, rhcreac J.n the agglutinatlve languages, the exlstlnqslfillcrltlct clcarly prove t,hat the slngular fonn of Lhe pregent tpnseof the pcrsonal aufflx of the Ol-d Slavle languase ls ldenil.eal to ilre cqutvnlorrlol"nent ln thc agglutlnetlve Languages.
Tungurian: -ui/ -.nL) -x)-u/ -t , ete.vod-X - f leadodE-u -Irll1bebtSd-v - X em
ri-n{ - I ktllcdri-n ' u.s.vodl-{D*Il"ead"ete"Serbo-Croatian:
=6d'-
2nd. ierson Singular!
Old jlavic: -Si, vede-YlSerbo-CroaLian: -5, vodl-ETungusian: -sl, wEJ-sl (you killed)
cf. -s, wi-s = u.s.
lrd. Person Sing.:O1d Slavlc:
Vogul:
Scrbo-C roaLiirn:
Mordvinian:
OId illavic.
-LTo: vede-t% = he leads
-Dt t Jlrr-et = he eomes
: Jl-ut = u.s.-d : vodl- he leads
-fi z vanL = he looks, etc.I'lowlle shalf examine the p1ural connoctlons.
vode-m? - we lead, vodl-nd = u.s.vede-te = they 1ed, vodL-te = u.s.vedft-t%= thcy 1ed, voda = u.s.
Thc plural personal suffl-xes:Ist. person: 01d Slavlc:
Flnnl sh:
Bstonlan:
2nd. person: O1d Slavlc:Flnnlsh:Iistonian:
lrd. person: Old Slavlc:Flnrrlsh:
Hstonian:
Cheremlss:
Voeu1:
I,tordvlnian:
J[e
-me; ete.
-te-te-te; etc.
-Itto-vat-d
-tI
-t ... etc.
Let us complete the conparlson:Old Slavic:Tunguslan:
Oid slavic:Tungus!"an:
01d Slavlc:VoguJ.t
Old Slavlc:Est onl.an:
Ofd Slevlc:Estonian:
0styak:
01d Slavlc:Chcremlss:
Ostyak:
MordvLnian:
-69-
ved-ff = I lead
odE-u -fsha1lbe
veOi-Ui - you leadnrdJ-sL * you ki).led
vode-tr! = he leads
Jlw- )t = he comes
vede+n{6 = we fead
n4e-me -- we look
vede-te = thay lednd-te - thcy looked
Jll-tt = you ca&e
vedft -tG = Lhcy leadtott -t ' they corne
Jtf -et = they corne
pa1l-t = the.y klss, etc.
USOKI- LJOLOS
Old Slavlc:
oEtyak:
liule: In Lhe language whlch iB called 01d jlavlc, lhe structure of ttresufflx in the present tense, together w.ith lLs components, is idenLlcalto lhe structure of slnrllar elenenls ln the aqglutinative 1anfluaries.Let us see t,he dual connections:
vede-vB = we lead (two of us)vede-ta = the.y led (two of thern)
ved,e-Le/-l,a/ = they lead (Lwo of thenr;
JlI+nA -n ' we come
Jll-tl -n = you come
JII-IA -n = they come
Rule: 'Thenold Slavl0n 1anflu4ge could not ha.ve lnherited the sufflxes ofthe present tense w{th thelr structure and elements from the Indo-Europenn
language because there ls no kind of llnguistlc data to incllcate Lhe exlsLnrrr.a
of the Indo-r:,uropean languaqe, but the wbole structure and its elemerrls nraldontical to the equlvalent forms ln the agglutlnaLive J.anquages.
OLd Slavlc:TungusLan;
l'llth the suffLxc
r"7.&
p r$ti r apan
b .- - cxlrt, tr"i.ve, be
prfr -3- 'Ttp41 lshort forrno/
pp /short formlpm-s-o-n%
P4'i-soto
PO-s-rqibl-s} -nr
bl.-s b -nrl.bL-s3 -y11
bi.-s; -pbi.-s) -cbl-s ..
"
Csoke-Botoa
RuLp: The present, tense of the old slavle Language can be uscd to oxprcssthe future tense, the PresenL Future, Just as ln the agal"utlnativ€ lanRuaecs.
TilI A0RIST TUlr_Slt
I'lotc that I am purposely uglnB Blclfcldtrs cxpressl.ons. In thlr ray, I lntandto avold posslbrc nLsundorstandr.ngs. Thc ergn of thr,s trtensc, lrt -a-rso LLngulstlc research carls tt thc nslgnatlc* aorlat tcnsc. Thls parti.clc,under phonetic change, becarnc -h- ard -S-. ThJ.r tlne we shall erarnLnc thcs,/h ehange"
StaLementl Thts parH.ele, or tence sufflxo ls not of Indo-Europcanorlgln bccause we can also frrd Lts e.qurvalcnt rn [he aggrutrnatrvc ranguages,c.g. ln Lhe Tunguslan J.anguagoa, Ln VoguL end also Ln EsLrlntan ".. Lct uienphasLze that, wlthln thrs etudy, re prcecnt only the correct connccil.ons.Lct uc begln wLth the aorl.at -s-.
-7r- cs'Jke-Botos
tet us compare the Old Slavlc p.l.r,rral and dual fonn with the0slyak equivalenls, past tensc:
Jl-su-w = we cane
Jl-s-tlJ t-sl -tJl-s-mr-n /auaS./
Ji-s-tb-nJl-s-ta-n
pm -so-m,7t,
p.4t-s-tep /9-s-,{1
prn-"o-JBp/n -s-taP /9r -s-te
Let us noLlco the Estonian connecLlons In the rrlural form:luge-si-me = we read (pasL)
luge-s1*Le
luge-si-d...l'le can cl-early see the personal sufflx and lts identical components!rt is lnpossLble to undersLand how the linquisLs faired t,o nobice theseconnecLlonsl rhe rndo-European ttequivafentst cannot be accepLecl becrrrscthey are only a hypothesis, created aL the writins desk!The rndo-European hypr:thetlcar word: *pEn-s-te = you stretchad (rne)orrt
01d Slavlc:Tungusl-an:
Estonlan:
pdl-s-te = u.s.bI-s)-gluge-sl-te , etc.
fta functlon ls to express past actlon"
Facts uhlch carr be found ln the livlng 1anguarle have weight: tho sl4lof the aorlsL tense 18 not of Indo-Eurofean orogin.
We can prove how nuch thls elernent, the -s- formanl, belongs to l;1r,,
agglutlnative languages by exarnlning the slruclure of the anc{errt Flaster.rr
languge, the Hurrlte langurrge. cf . Diakonoff, Op.Cl.t. p. LI5/2 and p. l;)./:-^V,-, -iY-, -oE-, -uE. . These sufflxes, accordlng to linguisLics, ar. t,lr.sign of the I'erfecb or Preterite tense.e.B. adi-nl-n t,aie-n idd-u/o"z-l-a = therefore thaL ls m.y gift. Lhar, was carrlundu-nu-an d'en/a/-ttt-/e/n pa9E-u/oY-i = and now mv brother ha; jrrsL ir.r,. (,r.r..
Consequently, Lhe linguistic forrn of the langiraqe which ls crrl IrrlOId 51avlc, the trsigniaLlctr past tense, ls not of Irrdo-flrrspean or.iq1n, trrrl.
ldentlca] to equi.valent forrug i.n the agr;J-ubinati"ve lanruages.
42-
-s-, -Y-, -ch--s-, -s1--e-, -s1-, -hl"--3-
-u/ot-o ehc,
ce6ke-Botos
The ldentlcal"lty l"s undenlablal
But Let us contlnuc the eonparlaon" Ac re havc already mcntloncd,
tho Old SLavlc aorlst sl.gn ehanges undcr certaln phonctle condltLonsg
s)hs)g
fhe aamo pocsl-bl.ltty aLso cxlste ln the tungusl-an Languagcs:
Udlhe: sl> ht and tx
e.g. Old ilavlc: JB-eh-u - I spokc
Udlho! tE-frl-rnL-!cetrt-cho-o0 - r.o spokc
t5-h-u - ra sat
rt-r-tc - you apoke (plu.)t5-tr-u - you sat, (plu")t'b'X*, - thcy spokc
tE-ht-tL r ft,[6.y aat
il.i-d-na - I ltvcd
Old Sl.avLcc
llstoni.ang
Tunguslan;
Cherenlss:
Hurrlte:
cf. Chcrenlssg
lrooj!:O1d SLavie:
Istonlan:Old Slavic:
-??;
pad- = fall : MordvinlanM: Fal- = ki€s
nig- = lookpad-'lo Mordvinianli: Pal-a-itpad-e pal-a-tpad-e pal-a-X
pad-o-m?p paf-a-rng
pad-e-te Pa1-a-d€
pad-ir pa}-a-dt
Ilstonlan: nig-1-nndg-i-dni q-lnIg-i-rne
n5g-1-te
nig-l-d, etc.
c s#ke-Bc.los
widely used JrreLnrl l.a
it wtth t,lre :jarrrn lr r.l. I ,. l.,r I
5f avic :
Nobe: The aslgnatlc aorlst tense ls ldentlcal to the
of the agglutlnatlve languages, therefore we lndlcate
-l-f'. -a-, -e-, etc./ Let us compare lt wlth the 01d
Ol-d Slavic: pad-e = faIl.rIlstonian: nig-t = neze! (Hung.) = Look!
f$-Y-ta - you l-lvcd (stne.)rr3-Y-t, - he ll.vedr ctc.
Rul.cl Thc Lrnguage whlch ls cal-lcd Old Slavlc cennot be an Indo-Europtan
nor a Slavl-c lanquage" The atmctural- cohcrorrce of the Old Sl-avle 1-angua6c
can bc declphcred onl-y by comparlson vl-th the agglutl-naLlvr Languagec and
dcfLnltely not t{lth the Indo-Europeen J.angurrgcsl
l'low I wll^l present the eoni-st tenee wlthout the rrs!.gmaie, nhleh ltnguLstshavc declared to be unnarked"
Statcnent: Thls tense Ls Ldenti.cal to the pret,erl-Ce of, t'he agglutlnatl-velangnages uhose sLgn ls: -l--o/-a-o -e-e dte"f
rn olri slavlc also, the personal suffix has disappeared' cf' with t'lte nl"rv^'
We do noL even mention the Hungarian connectlonsl The groupinqs of t,lt''
past Lense of bhe "Old Slavicrr.language are ldentical to slndl'ar qrorlllrr/"r
of bhe Chererniss language.
Cheremiss: asignatle : to]-3 -n = I came
01d Slavtc: asigmaLlc: pad-% = I fellCheremlss: slgmatic: i13-!$'-m = I l1ved
Old Slavlc: signaLlc: pa-s-G = I spanned, eLc.
I believe thaL llnguists flnall.y have to adrntL that Lhev were t,"trllrnistaken when bhey deel.ared the"Olcl ilavic"latr/luaqe to be of fndo-li,tr.l,r'rrtt
origin.
=l\- cadkc-Botoa
tHli b{P[,rtFIrCT
rn the old $lavic languagc, thcre lr e past tensc callcd the nrnpcrfeetn.
Its ai.gn lsl -ach .."€r$e dela-aeh-% - I urxdo
" dBlt-ach-%-IrccoycredvldB-actr-4b - I satc
Udtha/tungusian: ga-xl-nrL = I recelvedwi-ha-rnl * I kttled
Orocs/Tunp,usLanc rA'-ha-n -The orlgln of thls sufflx le the abovc-prcscnted arlgmatlc paat
bensc sufflx -1, etc. and the c!.gnatte paat tenrc aufflx, -s. Thcrcfore lt laa coslDourd" Thlg means that thls suffl,x i.g not ttrndo-Europeanh ctther but{t ls a sufflx whlch ls stilL usad ln two agglutlnatlve Languager" lrlatureLLy;hcre wc have present,ed only the reqular connecU.onee but thc detattedorplanatLon la the task of further rcsearch.
-7r-
THE I,I'1PL]}TATIYE }4OOI-}
In 01d Slavic, the sufflx is -iHungariani
Suncrlan:
Cs6ke-Botog
-t)-J ) etc.-{7 -a, etc.
G.g. Sunerlen: Yu-zu luhh-{ = wash your handslcf. Poebel, Op.Cit. ll67t+-6gl'
OId Hungarian: rnrt;i-l - mutasd - show!
gyer.c - comel
neez-e = takelpopu]ar: men-J - go!
Suncrlan:
leI-J - 1'1n61
{.-J - wrltet etc.gln-a - got
zlg-a - get uplsi-sd-e = Ieadt drivelbadd-u - runl
rrOld Slavlc": nes-l = brlnctdvlgn-l -
^o,ru,dBlu-l - aot
r6e-l - say, speak
pomodz-l = helplcf. Fed-i-te = eatl (plu.)
cf. Hungarian: J'6v-e-tek = comet
The slmilarlty and rdentlty are so obvlous that it is amazrng thallinqulsts did not notice then, or maybe they rlld not want to notl.ce Lhern.
The rr01d Slevic'r brL6-l! = be, exlst, live (alxlliary verl;)rs not of rndo-European origin either but ls ldenLleal. to the verbar formwldcly used ln the agglutinatlve languages.
Thus, Tunguslen:
Llb. MongolJ.anr
cf.SunerLan:
-f6*
bL- - bc, cxlst, l"ly€bii- * ber exlatbayl- - o.t"bar 7lr, 56 - u.s.
cc6ke-Botos
!t|e r11l present the suffixeg of thc l-rregrtlar verbs from rrltten documents.cf. Blelfeldt, Op.Clt" p. 2o2/t26}€.8. lcs{&=Iam : aerbo-Croatlan! Jesam - u.s"
JcslJe
Jesno
J6stcJcsu...
Scrbo-Croatl.an:nold Slavlcrt:
FCs-t - he ls
c I *t - they are
In the 01d Slavlc languege, Ln Serbo-Croatlan and ln othar Slavlelanguagcs, tn slmilar formatlon, the J- eound at the begLnnl.ng of e rordis a prothesls" Thc fonn wlthout thb protheala exlstr, for cxanplen ln thcVogul- X.anguager
trgrr - r arn
analyzed: E-ea -rn o
word rootrepetl.tlve sufHxpersonal, eufflx
J-c-s-m€ t $C-Enb ""Thl.s verbal fcrm ls not, of Indo-European orLgln but Ls l"denH.caL to
thc equlval-enL form ln the agglutlnatlvc languagcs" Thc root is : e-The repetltlvs sufflx ls -s- , ri.del.y exlsting ln the agql_utlnatlvc 1anguaqcs,e"g. llungarlan I te-sz (does)3 le-az (rlU b€).
Thus, Old Slavlc:Flnnl-sh:
}{ongo11an:
Hungarlen!
-77-
e-o-:cf.on=lse- ! cf. alu = u.s.a- : cf. l-s ... etc.
cs6ke-Botos
cf. Koreani lt-ta( lst-da(1-si-da = lsr exisLr liveThe root ls: l-, the repet,etlve sufflx : -sl"-, the vcrbal norrn sufllx: -l.t/-rltr
'Ihe Ol"d Sfavic vcrbal form (tense) is not llnked Lo the Jncio-
Europcan connectLons. Thc Koreans dld not borror the verb - to be- fr,rnthe Gcrmansl
cernan: lst ( f-s-tKorean: ltta( i-s-ta (f-st-aaThorefore : German: is-
Engllsfr: ls-Koreani lsi( t-sl-l I t
Inportant. The Indo-Europcan llngulstlcs exaggerated the hlstory of Lhe
Ianguagcs called Indo-Europeanl
The tlme of realizatlon l-s herc ...Past tense, OId Slavle : bt-ch-,6 = I was
,lr Ioo I 'youwercut J =hewas
Tunguslan: bt-5i-w = I wag
bt-de-s = you were
bt-6e - he was , etc.Herc we noLe that ln the rrOld Sfavlcn language, the verb -to ba -
b'l't - forms tho future tensc rtth the sufftx -de-, l-n spite of the facl;Lhat the Indo-IJuropean llngulsts dld not wanL to or do rrot wanL to noLice tr,.
The cquivalent of thls suffix ls present in the Tungusian lanqrrarqe:
-at!-, -aLI-, -dU*, -d1-, ctc., the sufflx whlch lndleates the future Lerrse.
Old Sl"avle: b8d- = I wlll be : Tunguslan: bl-dii-mSlovak: bulp-m = u.s.Serbo-Croatlan: bude-m = u.s.
cf0'
'TIM VERBAT, NOUNS
Cstkc-Botoc
L. Thc 0onttnuous AdJectlval Vcrbal lloun (Prcrent, Partlelplc).Let us take thc n0ld Slevlen aufflx fornatl.on.Gcnltlve alngrlers
I. vcC-htt-e - of thc lcadcrIIo zna- hS Ut-a - of th6 c:pcrt
III. ehval-,o5t-a - of tho praircfThcraforc thc sufflx i.c c 1. -/tIr- r - l-r$It- - -Jg{t-
a. -rBJt- * -3it-Lct us cxanLne thc flrst, f,ormr
rn.- F85f"-o#- dth knorlcdge
Accordlng to the atetementg of llngulrtro the foroantc -rrn$t- r.rfift-gocs back to the Indo-Suropcen slencntl -J9-nt-1- --JontJ-r ln rhlehthc consonant group t,j ln "Old $lsvlc[ boearnc St, t tJ) 5U (tnrcrted ordcr)"Illuotratlons -Jg-nt-1-
-JontJ-thuss -Jgrl-andi -Jgtt-
fl-netr Iy: -:-o{Unrttgen: - irnYt-
and: -"tit- e ruffh cLustcro
Llngulc0s rtated that ihe Old Slavl.c suffli Bors back to tho Indo-Eunop.en
parttclplal aufflx -nL-. Wa reJcct thls and tte 6tatc thet m do not knoy
of any wrlttcn documcnts ln xhlch thc exlstcnc" lGro ruppoacd$lndo-Europcanllforraant could be provon.
lfc provc thet thls cufflx ln lts hermony, fornttlon, loeetlon end funetlor.rgocs back to thc Sunerlan partlel^plaL aufflx -cd" ?he nasal forn Ls a
later dcveloJroent of, Old Slavlc"
-?9- cs6ke-Botos
Thus, Surnerlan: sag-ba1-E-Darn - belnq, exi.sting...g1-nun-dl-Da-in - gcreamLnq ...dU_Dam = bulldlnglet-tl-i1A-Dam = looklng (raisinq the eyes)nam-tar-rE-De * determlning t,he fate ...
thereforer Sumerian: -ed (partlclpialfornant)Hungarian; -end/-and
,Old Slavlc! *_J_oi,_J_
*-J-ont_J_
-h5r - JgXt ...Thls sufflx also exl-sts ln the Hungarlan rmetathesls".nold Sl-avlcil. zan- |EEt = knowing, (Iiung. trrdanct)
ve1- ft 5t - eorunancllng (Hung. parancsoland)
veO-S$t : leading (Hung. vezetend)transcribed: ved-JonUt - Ieading (Cermanl fiihrend)
Hungarlan: foly-vist - ffowing (Oerman: fltessend)biz-v'ast - trustlng (Gennan: vertrauend)fut-v6st = running (Gervnan: laufencl), etc.
Question: why calt this ttord sravlcrr language 'rndo-European-slavlcr wlrerr
lt lsnrt?Note: The above-presented suffix in O1d Slavle, Lhe -.ionXt-/ -Jg{t-1ls only used ln the suffi.x form. rt doeg noL apnear in the nomlnaLlve crire.The Old lilavlc nomlnalive form ends ln a vowol which assimilatecl Lhc sorrrr<l
of bhe verbal sufflx.Thus: ved-'/o.|g = vezet-5 * leaclcr
zna- l-r'fi = ludS * expertchval-rgr -- dteslr-8 - praiger, etc.
Thls sufflx is also identical to the r+idely used equiva.lenL in the aArlullrlt.lvalanguages; Thus : flnal sound plus sufflx:
tt-v-v) -vr tt
-\6- l-rfi /-niaLvs/_$l
in Lhe agglutirrative Ianguaqesl -fl, -1, -Y, -o,
-s0- co8kc-notoc -ol- L,SOK.-t-JOLo3
rn the Mongollan ranguage, thls s'ffix ean be found in the forlowrrrrcombj.natlon: -{san/ -gsen, perfect noune.8. yabu-fsan - who arrived, who canie
kele- gsen = who spoke, saidIn WrLtten Mongolian thls comblnatlon cari also be found:
Xhal-kha-Mongol.lan
yabu-fsa-far = tho onc who alreariy ]eft,yaw-s6r = u.s.kek-{e = ono who dldTunguslan:
MorphoJ"ogy, 01d Slavlc: -rb\--v Tos-
dongollan: -[aan/ -gsenTunguslan: -k!a, -sa, *Ya, -Ei, etc..Note: This sufflx ls identleal to the above-presented _s_ preieritc atltflx.
3. Perfect PartlclploIn trold Slavlc'r: -I% is the sufflxc.g. da-Ir|o= glven
' b1-1% = htrdbla-lfa - done
Vra-I,b = bouqht, ele.Mongollan: -1uf al-liige : -Iu-f,a
-Iar/-Ie!-Iaf-Ie
e.g. Llterary llongollan:yabu-lu{e = laft,ilkii-le-gel - dted
nede-l-ii-i? - di.d he/she know?
Yawa-lf = leftyow-1-d - u.s.bl-lE = been
bi-fil = has he been?
Sumerlans
Hturgerlanl
HurrLtc:
UrartulbrdvlnlantFlnnlsh dlal-eetrLappK :
Old Slavlc:
2. The Pest
The slgns are3
Gcnltivc;
SaYtugtug-"-r"u-a
kl-beL-a
{-^Lssz-a
szagl-a
sziil-cUn-e
tad-ug-ar-i.
!a-1-n5paL-I
Laula-|6lLrs-1
4
- to the hcarer
- providor- rebclllng countr.y
- encestrt- drink- snJ.ff
- gtvc blrth- f,uture
- l-over
- buyer
- klsscr- 61ngcr, rLngLng
r gwrlLolref
I*r al"kha-Mongo ll an
Kalmuck:
vd-VG- ledderr ctc.
tcnre AdJectlveL Vorbel t'loun (PasN Partl.el.plc)
a). -gs- /rooI.s whLeh crd tn consonanbs/
b). -rV;- /roots nhlch end I"n vorek/a) vcd-!J-a !v,vcd- - lcadb) zne-vt I-s ! tna- - knor
Phonctlcc: The 5-sound f,omatLonc sJ> fTrrnguslanl Ja/ -Ei
am+d ' conre (has come)
diarn-wEa - takenr bought
01d Slavlc: zna-v,gJ - cf. above .".Fron theec faets rc can aoncLudc that the forms prasentcdu*&r polnt a).cxprcss ectlvc ectlon, vhereao undcr polnt b). thoy are passlvc. Wlth thehel"p of the Tun$ralen tanguagc comparl.son, $c can solre thc aa yrt umcsolvcdnorphologlcaL connectLons of the 01d Slavie tenscso".
.6tr- caSkc-Eotoa
to th.r.8.
Blelfeldt nont.lons , Op. Ctt. po 228e that thfu auffLx la ldentieeladJcctlve sufflx -1% c tn Old SlavLe.
gnl-lrl - rottsnztbr'i-lr?o . rlpG
Therc connectlons elso exlst ln the agglutlnatl,ve Languagesr
[ongoll.ant tent-l - aequdlitddo ltnown
tufu-l - eslf I to celvcxir-lD-red:flirshcdosa-l-bad:ncgl.ectedy*r1-rl - reglsterodsevgl-ltr - lovcd, ctc"
Consequently that i.nportan0 auffh and lts atmcture ls not of,
Indo-European orlgln but i.t belongo to the aqglutlnatlvc l^anquagca end
ls llngulstlcall;r chsract,erlstic of thcn. Thc language v?rlch ts oalX.rdtrOld Slavlcn cannot bc of Indo-Duropaan orlgln becausc lta ttrueturels ldentlca} to bho egglutl.natl"ve X.anguagea&
lr. Thc Prosent Tense PessLfr AdJoctlvaX. Vcrbal- lJoun.
-m%!r0ld Slavlcr';e"8. nero-frl/fr * takan
notr"l-nlb = bc8gcd
vedo-7tl1' - l.dptJe-m% - wr!.ttcnyaz-ma - wrltLen
as-ma - hangcd, hun6
kfis-ni ' cuO
bar-nna o passcd, Lofttcno-n$ - f'l"lledrudlo * cmtu notched
5. Passlve Preterltc PartlclPle.
Old SLevic:
e.8.
OId Turklsh:
l.lordvlnian:
Cherendss:
Korean:
Old Sl-avlc:
c.8.
'ntlo, -antTor'en'(anes-en! = takcn
ved-en'16 - 1ed
re6-en? = sald
tol-un - fullr fllledtiig-iitr - knotr knotted
kado-fi * lefLr abandoned
pala-6 = kisscd
kando-r{ - broughL
pul-n6 = been
Eug-ln = dead
sa-n = shoppedr etc.
4Vraspnr -t'6 - stretched otlt
kl,q|-trA * eursed
t*r-t4r = harvasted
povl -t tlp - rolled uP
siipr-intii * garbage, svrapL
kur-untu - concelted
bula-ntY - disturbcd r mixed uP
kifesz{tett = stretched out
6tkozoLt = cursed
bek6pzett = concelbedr etc.
,II{E SUPIN!]
-L @
viat-t% = in order to see
Iovi-t'la = ln order to eaLch
O-da = in order to become
cl-uster: taj-d$J = Lo read
tik-t{ = to fal-lr etc.ls not, of Inrto-European origin eiLher'
Turklsh:
Hungarlan:
Old Slavie:
e.g.
Tungusian:
Sufflx
This suffix
c sdke-BoLos
Chuwashl
Turklsh:
Turklsh:
old l\rkishl
ChcrcnLsa:
-.ti4:
I?ts PRSTIIES
rf -vectl i to lcad lrrbc -vozeL - u.i.ba-a-tu - to drrop lnbc-t6rt - u.s"va-ie{w-bllghtflrcta-gr(1t - rtrlob{-ct-rt r he putr it ln thcrcva@-vfbtt . to put lnbc-dug - eolc
1'o-mazati - to annolntbc-kcn; bc-oizol - u.a.n6-U{-ric. hc guldcd thr rhlp lnUc-{r6rrfft . to guldc lnpo-mrdlnttl - to frccacbc-falpr r g.g.ba-gln r hc rsnt therepo-ouEati - lnstructbe-tanft - u.r.ta-nl-s( - he sprlnklcd it onto lt,be-az6r, negsl6r, stc. r cprlnkle
caSltc-Botor-BJ-
Phonetlcs: b) v and b) p ..,I belleve that the identlcality cannot be denled.
called rrold Slavtc? is an agglutlnatlve language ...
csdkc-Botos
The languageThe language rhlch k callcd r0ld Slavlcr ur6c pn flxo, llk6
Suncnlan and HungarLan.
OLd Slavtcr r/ vG- - lnv{n- . in (rlth rorelc)
b/ po- r tocxsmplast
"/Hungarlan:
Suncrtan;
llungarlanl
llungarlan:
SunerLan:
Hungarlant
b/llurgerlantSuncr{.ant
llungarlenr
Hungarlant
$uncrLanr
Hungarlanr
Suh*lan!Hungarianl
Thc Sunerlan-Hungarl-an ldentleallt;rtba-, bf-ba-/b.- oo,
O]d Sl_avlc,
Sumerlan:
Hungarlan:
e.g.Sumerlan:
IlungarLan:
Hungarlan:
Hungarlan:
HungarLant
Sumsrl_en!
Hungarlan:
Sunerlan:
Hungarlan:
SuncrLen:
Hungarlanl
ou- = away, fromal-el- ... Phonetics: I), ...ou-rtzatl = to cut offal-bal-bal - breakol-tbrteou-krestl- - stealel-lop r 616s1
ou-m16 knfttt - to grow dunbeL-n6mu1 = to grow dunb (stlent)ou-chodltl - le&ve, go away
e]-negy o lcayeal-t11etd5l=to fallaI-hebb-a
e]-rothadt - rottenal-hu1-hul
e1-6tkozott - cursed., etc.
o66=
PHONETIC HISTORT
golttt - to burnfi
Bor-o-gr% nG- ovcn
$orn r uesr
gur, 46"5 r ovah
BtrU 43Or2 ' oven, atovc, fl.rcplacckur, L21 126
gal - flrcqor-ur- - hurtr burn
gul r llght thc fLregolomo - flrcplace
?tr olunta d uosu
gularnta - u.go
Cc6lo-Botoc
The Congonants.
Thc lnltlaL and final g-sourd of thc root,"
Old Slavlcs govfirla4a - cattlc- (adJecttrc)Scrbo-Croatiant govcda - cattLc (collcctlvc)
go-vc-
8a61...glrh 297 rJ - ox, horncd eattlcE.td 297ti r role*uX, 32916 - u.e"
Thla word La taken fron the SumcrLen and thcrcforc doce not orlglnatc fronthe Indo-Ewopean languager" W. havc to nantlon that thc Suncrlan: OllD
- dX.vlnlty ard thag the EnglLsh s COD and the Germans @TT - dtvtnl|yare also taken from the Sunerlano
tha rootrcf" OId IndlanrSuncrlan:
01d SIaILle:
Surnerlan:
OId Slavlc:cf. Iatln:
Swrerl-an:
OId Slavic:Llt. Mongollan:
Ulghur:Sulyuan:
01d Slavic:Serbo*Croatlan:
Ilungarlan!
01d TurkLsh:
Chagetal:
Uighur:
Llt. Mongollan:
0styak:
diafect: szugoly
_81- u 9o K e-bo r.o 3
gospod{a - }ordg1!, geJ, 29612 = man, lord, prlnce, soneone
lgo = yoke
lugwn = u.s.ugunr 35Ot2 = border, mounting
boe = Coa
bo/da = maJesty, royalLy; maJestlc, heavr:nlv
boX;daz - u.s.bo/da = Godr salnt
fr\ ErbI'Tt = an81e, corner
ugal 5 u.s.zugoly = nook, recesg
cf.ef.
Old SJ.avlce
gh€ noots
cf.cf" RussLan:
SuncrLan:
cf"cf.
IJterary liongoLlan:
cf.Lanut-TungueLen !
l,longollanc
l(lrghlzePhonctlcsc
s6gir - u.s.sii r;1r = u.s.sa?lr - u.s.sigu{" - anglc
3oT, so? * eornerr h111
Notc: In Old Slavtc the s-sound at the beglnning of the root has disnpl,onlr'l;
etructurally, the root together wlth the sufflx ls ldentical to the
Hungarian word: I zugoly
I szugolY : -lY = 5ug"1x
6td St.avlc: v$eVI% | -I\a = suffl-x
el t,hc end of, the root r)1 """
-88_
The lntt,lal- and fl.nal" k-solnd of the root.
csSke-Botoc
Old Slavtes kLtstl - to Lay, to load, put togcther01d Turklsh: qal.a- - to put togethar, aeLdc, to leylllddle Turklsh: kaLa - to plle up
Hungarlanl kelensra - shock, ptock (of corn)In OLd Slavlc, the e-sufflx ls thc repetcH-vc suffk.
ktloEo - krykul /2rB - cLose, lockkul-csol. : -csol - repetetlve eufflx - clesp (hands)
kul-cs - kryi hebarcs - nortarThls word went fron the Hungarlan lnto the sLavlc languagca regardlcse ofhow nuch the Flnno-Ugrlc J-lngulst,e reJect, thLsl
,89-
pekf,r = I baker.pek-ti = bake
peku = heatpekusl - hotpekusl-= to be hotpeku - hotpeJ-tl = bake
peg 354, BB = burn
kal% = dirtqaldag - paLch, dl.rt
Xald8?= u.s.
kr7rvt = bloodguru, gurun, kurun JJ2, 22 - bloodqor-qa? e pus
qurda5ep = boll on a horge ...
Cr8ke-RoL."
OLd $lavlc:Sunerlen:
Hungarlan:
01$ Slavlc:analysed I
Turklshc
OId Osman:
Chagetal:
Sumerlan:
9ld $lavlc:enaLyscd:
Scrbo-Croatlen:
Hungarianl
l.longollan:
l(alnuckr
Suncrlant
Letln (?)r
The anelent root
Thls word ls not of Indo-European orlgin either.
O1d Slavlc:Ancient Slavic:TunguslanrGold:
Olcha:
cf. 01d Slavlc:cf. Stllerlan:
Old Slavlc:Llt. llongolian:Kalnuck:
Old Slavlc-:
Sunerian:
Llt. llongollan:Chagatal:
Old Slavlc:analYsed I
Suncrl-an:
Hungarlan:
kovail - to f,orge
lcov-a-tl. - ltuJ-€-m - I forgckuyuncu - Jcreller, gol-dsn{thquy- - pour, cast (netal)quy- - melt mctal, pour
ku, 1168151 - preelorr<actalr rorker
pokol - retbpo-kol
po-k6J r u.r.po-koJnl - dLcd" dcad
huny, el-huny - cLoae your eycs, dl-c
eonu- r aleep, atay overnlght
;1ono- - u.e.
!"" - r€stgule-s - fart, rlcep, p€ecc
ku- cenmt bc of tlndo-European"orlgln"..
The supposed Indo*Europcan orlgln of Lhe O1d Slavlc z_sound.
znatl - know, inforn, teach
zna-tIa/ zu 6, l) - know, recoqnlzeb/ gi 85,&0 = u.s.
z6-gat, - lnformzu-vo1 = qossip, twist words
l'honetlcs: The vowel of the flrst syllable disappearecr. rn ..iunrerra,both root words exist: zu and gi. Therefore we have no need of .rnvIndo-European explanati-on.
*90*
ThctOl"o Slavletanclcnt f,ornl a6ne.SunertanB
Sunsrlan:
Greek:il.'(lrfuqt-6fi1- I rccogntze
crdke-Botoa
01d $lavlc: tr{rno - corrcf. Llbhuanlan: 61"n1s - peas
Sunerlan: zat \jlr2 - 6paln, corn
cf, Akkadiane ,6ru = sccds, sor,rlng, shoot
Kalouckl UareG - graLn
Shoron! Uyr*q * barley grltacf. Suneriane gur, guru 10 r 8rrron4r 5\2 - tccd, oprout, fruitcf, Iatlnc gr6nun - corn, kcnncX.
cf. Gcnnanl Korn - corn ctco
01d SLavlce z/Fb? - toothLlthuenlanl ["fiuas - aharp obJcctLlt. ilongollan: lobu-'far - polnt, potnted
cf.Osman:
Uob-qa-Jl - to be poLntod
clvrl - polnted, atrl
Altal.o Turki.shc Ylb"g" - o""oFlnnl.ah dlslactc hambaz - tooth
popular; hamrnag - uooo
Suncrl.ang zu, L5, 13 - u,ao
Oi.d Slavlq: aadi. = ln the back
analyseds zad-i.
Creck;
Suncrlang gudu 32912 - enus, post,erl.or
Vogult khutl- - portcrlorLl.t. llongol.lanl gedr - beck of the hcad
;66xvog - bottomp postertor
gadergii - bchlndr back
-9L--
s(o, s!, se = the
Eu - that there3U i U.3.
suhr = the
se + thls, Lhab
sielti - frorn theresllni = tlrere, over there, eLc.
csSke-tlo t,os
kld, kidin - back
kiidln - behlnd
tiitlX - baek of the head ...
zGv-a-tl = cafliavitt - dlscuss, practlse maglc
saw, geb * word, speech, proverb, news
Mlddlo Turklsh: sav-Ia - sneak a lob
"ar.-31 = fortune-telferSar,, = WOfd
SbU/iaq 38t+r2 = word, order
Thlg word ls not of Indo-European orlgin.
vez- =Ileadrltravelves-tl" = leads
ved-6-t%- u.s.vez-a-l6 = travelsv6da- - Ieads ; Hilngarlen: vozet
us 21112! = radfi = Iead, guide, go bohind, fo)l.wuduz- - lead
uduz- - u.s. etc.Notp: In the 01d Slavic and the supposed Flnno-Ugrlc languages, Lhe v-sclttrl
ls a prothesls. Tho d-, g- and z-sounds go back to the older ljutnerian
5-sound, thug the "Old Slavics }anguage is not of Indo-iluropean orlqln, l,ec,rtt'r.
ln the time of the Sunerlang there was not even a trace of the so-cal I erl
Indo-European Ianguages.
The supposed "Old Sl"avic" s-sound.in the j.nltlal and flnal 1xrsll,l,rt.
O1d Turklsh:Uighur:
Jakut:
01d Slav_lc:
LlthuanJ.an:
01d Tarklsh:
Vogul !
SunerLan:
01d Slavlc:cf.
cf.MordvinLan:
Surrerlan:
Ulghur:
OId Turklsh:
9l{-:ikvle:01d Turkish:Trtkish:Jakut:
Fi. nni. sh:
01d SlavlgtAltalc Turkiah:Chagetal:
Mongoltan:
Turklsh:Suncrlan:
01d Slavlc:Churachr
$zagaJl;
KrraktKamnl ,-Tatar!
Chegatel!
Osmant
S-glsslg:cf. Llthuanlan:rlakutl
fielnuekc
Llt. llongoll.anr
Old lurklshsTurhl!h:Clurrarhl
cfn Avcatat
;t2-
p4r-a-tl - wrLte
pfd-fn - rrrLtingr book
pcY-ek - tl.ckctr aLgn
pr6f.stn - nrltcrbt61- - *rttcblt- - u"s.
8r.&d4c€ - hoartUlrdls - u.r"afiri1 - u.t"z(iritr; - unso
flrrikcn - u.c.yflilit - urEo
yiirek - u.ca
{a rl . itploz 6 ro d-e - u"s. ctc.
Cs8kc-gotor -93- csdke-Botoc
bad 5915& - op!n, pLough
cf. pttZ 'goce
slovo - nurd
so}a- - speak
aiild- - uic.sllld- - u.r.sbyli- h lpcak, reya6ylc- - u.a.r5y1c- - orlo ator
9ld 9lavlc:Vogulr
Ostyak:
Finnish:[ordvlnlan:Gherenl"ssl
Turkmcnlan:
BasklrlenrUzbck!
JakutlIlungarl,an:
Chuwagh:
Sunerian:
cf. Oreek:
O1d Slavi_c:
Old lurklsh:Turkiah:UlghunOsnani
Jekutl?eleut:Flnnlsh:Sumerlan:
cf. Srunerian:
Turklshl
s%io - I0O
sEt - u.s.slt, slt, - u.s.gete * U.a.sada - u.!.
"iifo = o.".Jrid- u.s.
J8'd - u.s.
Jriz - u.s.
"{is - o.".sz6z - u.s.(.. = o.".Yarr396, r9/3o = many, a lotn&?% - 36C[ / loan word fron Surncrlan
ostrz = potntcd
of - polntu9 a u.s.uE - the polnted end
u{ = endr polntus-uk - u.a.uE-a- = sharpen
astala = spllnterfd, tUt = nountal,n
fet = spllnterlgne - spllnter, needlel
Notc: The forn ard mcanl.ng of thc ruppoccd lrdo-;Europcan norda do notbelong harc. the Old Slsvlc rord Lr. not of Indo-Eumpcan orlgln.
Note: Thc Old Slavlc s-sound ls not of sccondary Indo-European orlginbut ldentical to the stailar Urel-Altalc sound. Butaparl frorn thls, Lherea sccond posslbllity ln the agglutinatlve languages.
ilotrs fh. contun-saten theory li onLt a thaort and nothlng clse rro rcll,lct ul !!e.o
*9&- cs6ke-nrt,os
v4s(- rtllagevac ! urso e.g. l,lova-Vcs . UJfalu - Ncr glLl-atc
but vAS a uolr e.g. Nova-Vaa - UJfalu - llow Vi.llagcthe begi.nnlng of thc nord lr a prothe$is...
vGafto te(p{s&
*es ) veror *ea) vas
Sunerlan;
cf.cf. Akkadlanl
Just as:
neanlngr placp, localtty. Thts word in Akkadlen i.a borrowcd f,rom sumcrlan"Old Hungarlan: araa - hiza - hls housc
cf" Sdnaorhdze * S6ndorfalva - Sdndorrc vllLagcPhoncbl.csc The h- Ln tlungarlan La a protharla... y6t, thl6 rord rxLrts inSunerr.an ln thLs form too; aka" ag, 18316 - pLacc, local.ltycf" latLnr vTcus - group cf houses, villagcBoth ruord forms: vGat and vleua go back to the swtrcrLan wordac cX ard ak&, ag.Dcrlvatlon: Sumerlans a5,ci) Old Slavlec v6sb
agraka ) Iatln: vTcus...Thc tlmc hal corne for us to anafuze the Greek and LatLn Loan-rords from Sunrcrlen"""
-95- cs#ke*tk,1,,"
llungarian: szJk = chalrChagatel: siikt = chalrSouth Korean: BJgk * u.s. etc.The rooi word ln each case fs st-; tbe _s_ and _dB_ ara only sufflxes-..
01d SJ.avlg:
Slovoncl
Thc v-sound atThug:
Sloyencl
Old SlavLec
enalyzed:
cf,analyzed:
ef" X.atlnc
Sunerian!
cf.-f
e t o
X,lt " l{ongol-tr.anl
r,X, 1z8o2c - house
.Ya l28rze - "."".$iu, rYA*" eYru, o56ru
waifrru "..
01d Slavic:analyzed:
Mlddle Turkish:Osman;
O1d Turklsh:Vogul:
Latln:
OLd Slavic:Suoerlan:
Turklsh-Tatar:Persian:
Old Slavlc:iierbo*C roatian:
Note: As we can see, the fndo-European language fanrily, plronetlcalJyand morphologlcally, has no cornectlon wlth the Ural-Aftalc_Olcl 5lavlclanguage farnlly; where dld the p-sound go from the o1d sravle anri tirevogul )anguages? Moreover, the Gothic word forn ls : srbun, the 0reekhowever *:LnrJ r rn connection wlth thls, eompare the senrrtlc-Akkerrnnword: Ylbu or stbi = ?. How dld Lhe b-sound tn the 01d Slavlc antt Vorulwords becorre a d-sound? If the Hungarian word "hret,, is an rAryann loan_wor(1,hor cou-l"d lt be rrPrnno-ugrrc"? From thls, rt ls crear thaL the 'rrnrr'*Europeanrr lingulsts are afways guidcd by politlcal interest anrl in Lhig wnvthey make their declslon, never according to the truth...
sedrnE= 7
sed-m'6: -rn%=sufflxJadr - 7
Jedt = 7
xltl - 7
sEt=zscptem - / etc.
mbzda - Hages
neYr 7619 o rent, proceeds, incorne
ma5-da-a-rl 76,7O
miizd = sal_ary, honorarlummuf,d = u.s. (loan-word from Sumerian)
The 01d Slavlc ch-sound
ouiho - ear
ucho * u.s.,rEi = ears
sts-tL - slt down
st-s-t,1gbaB-tf * he strsdB-at-trsede-rc * u"s"su$ 536,14 - stt$c-du 16?12o6 - u.s"su5 53611& - u"s.3lg? 151,6'u.r"safu ' slf, I,lural:
Suncrlanr EuX ZII'TO - hcar, p*ccLrePhonctlcss The inltlaL S-aound dlsappeared.t{orphologr: The Old Slavlc word tc clnptry a ycrbal_noun, thuar
.. ucho( uch-o - heerere.g. Flnnlsh: korva - ear, whtch eetuall.y n6anr : hcarcr and !.hlch i3felat6d to the Turkl"sh: eulqe - ear, ectually: lgarer.
Old Turkishc
cf,.
01d $lavlc:Surnerlans
Zyrlan:Vottrak s
Cheremlss!
Old Slavtg:anclcnt for.n:
l,lt. l{on6oLlanr
Kalmuck:
Jakut g
MlddLc l{ong,ollanl
Hungarlant
-96-
EUtd - hcar
e$lt - uoe.
mouehe - f,lyro.r{ 40516 - p1"
,nu$omoE - bee
rnu5g u.e.mitXI - uosce ctc.
vr4ehrb r peskttvr4 ahrto
onol - peak, polntorB * u"a.oro! - u.so
horal- - u"s"oronrc u.so, ctcn
cc8kc-Botoc
Thus, Iatin:Osman:
Kazanl-Tatar:
Llt. Mongollan:
01d Sla_tdc:
ahcient fonn:Ofd Turklsh:Turklsh:Jskut:RussLani
Phonetics: Inthe verbal noun
v ( prothesd-s.
accorJance withAnalyzed:
-97* cs6ke-[tot,o,n
verrica - rloe, wartur * swolllng, gr.owlh,a ..oro = u.s.ur = lump, knot
n.tiftf t v4rchg = I thrastr4.,*urtidltl ! rurche
)ur = to beatvur- r u.g.ir_ * plle up
v6roch - corn stocktho OLd Slavlc language, the v-sound al the beglnn.lng ofgoes back to a more ancjenl u-sound. In the present LensaThc conncctlon ls logica1, and ln overy respect lt is lnreallty and therc are no Indo-European characterlstlcs lrr
vrtirtt ( *ur-t5-i-rtconsequently, the hypothetlcel Frnrn-ttgrre or A4ran,rordr rhckye - flyr
bee, can bc flnally traccd back to thc Surncrj.an rord aboveooo
I
I
Phonetlcs: In Old Slayls y(ucf. s€rbo-Croatlans rurch)vrchcf. Russlan: verch(v-crch(*crehi Ln Russlan the v-sound lsa prothesif.Blcrfeldt, cf" op"clt" p.d3, ldcntlfles thls rord wlth the tatlnr rarrficaE acab, rlse. Thl-s word f,ornn al6o erLsts ln the fiongol_lurklsh Languages,lr,lthout the v-prof,hesls.
tlchG - quiet, peacefultt5lna = sllencct"iEi - he dreans
tiig - dream
tl fJ,6 = rest
chodlti - to go, go
od-, odu- * happen, stand asjde58ag = way
ad- = strldeda-lm = step, ete.
verb root I I
repetellve sulflx 6-_-.l I
vorbal suffix q--.---_--lverbal noun
OId Slavlc:cf. Serbo-Croatian:
OId Turklsh:Chagatai:
Sumerlan:
OId Sl-avic:
Llt. llongolian:cf. Greek:
Os[lAn3
Turlmenlan:
-98- cs3kc-Botor
Thc Inltlal and Flnel aoundr of the rrot *orda
E-.gIg!&: plBdc - Ln lront of, bcforcAncltnt Slavlct *pcr-d% / aeeordln8 to Btclfcldt/Llt. f{ongollen: url-da - ln front of, beforcJakutl urut - u.c'Anclont llongollant r+purl-da - u.e.Osman! pdrA6 - curtaln (l)
Q!C-fllg&!g: s?p-e-il - tl?epilongollan: seb - rtcovcry, rartSrmrcrlant eIgr 29i, &7c - rLlcncc, rcotPhonetlcs; e);)")n "..
01d Slav1c: fB-tl - sLng
the rootr pt-osnanr 6t - u.r. /-r - afitIt/Jekutt At, - spcak, oound
Phoneticst [n Turklsh, thc Lnltlal p-sound dl.rappcared.
-99-
prl-I6p-a-tl = stick there
lep-t-tl - stlckyap-5ur- - to fasten, stiekyap-L5tIr- * u.s.Srs-3!- - u.".
po1-ica - stlck / llterally: beater/bar 7l+r I17 - utr.at, rt'"nbal = strlker beat
p61ca - cane
palJa=hammcr:beaterpallata r to haruler
pell = ctrlke, bcat, fllrtbalga - hemner, eLc.
p4s-a-ti - wrltepf{-ft = wrLtlng, book
peU-et< = tickct, eignpfEf-din = wrlterbi6l - wrltebit- =.u.s. etc.
cs'5ke-Botnr
According to theso cra.nplee, Lhe L-sound at the beginnlng of the word
sccondary.
01d Slavic:Serbo-Croatian:
01d Turklsh:?urklsh:Chuvash:
Old Slavlc:Sulerlan:cf. Sunerlan:
Hungarl-an:
cf. Flnnlsh:
cf. Hungarian:
cf. Klrglc:
OId Slavlc:ALtalc ?urklsh:Chagatal:
!,{ongo1lan:
Turklshl
Old Slavlc:TungusJ.an:
liongollan:
01d Sl.avlc:
01d Turklsh:Ulghur:
0sne.n:
ls
01d {ilavlcr
ancLcnt forlrtFlnnlshllongollanrHungarlenr
o!$-srav:!grFlnnlshlVogul:
Suocrlans
Phonctl.csr b)p;
L. pr4at0 - carthr dust2. prach,6 . dugt
*f)orror - u.co / eccordLn3 to Blclfeldt/poro * duot, Irhctbor - dugtr sand
por duat ctcr
pol6- aldc, halfpuoll - u.s"pBl . u.a., ctc.ber ?t, l/86 - u.a.
and r)I
The Initlal and Flnal b-sound of the root.
b'lt{o-tt = be, exlst, 1lvebi- g u.s.bii- = u. s. , etc .
b|?4t<7 = 611buka = u.a.buka = trrs.bufa = u.s.
=1@-
buqa - trulL, obc"
b<ig iir - Lo bclloxrndgli-re - u.a.b8g - q.".
bLato - crernp
baLr&tln64 - u.s"bol6to - u"c"balEfT - dl-r'te fl-LLh, loanbelclk q ucse.
balElk r u.sccf. paldlk - u.s.
balqaE - swamp
cadke-Botoo
The Inltlal and
Old Slavlc:cf.
Llt. Mongollan:
Flnnlsh;Ulghur:
Chagetal:
-101-
Flna] t-sound of Lhe word-root.
14na - darkness
t4nQn6 = dark
ttunaY = fogry, dark
tunan * fogtu&na = dark
tamu = hellr plt, dungeon (!)tunan - fog, darkness
tunan - u.s. etc.
C si5 lrn - 1Lr Lc, rr
BloLfeldb, Op"CLt. # d5, l.rU.l not aecept the Urat_Altatc orlglnof chls word but rather traccs tt back to the slovcnr xord! b6katl- be]_ronand neanwhllc, he forgot, to nrentlon that thls r*ord also cxlsts ln bhc lutalolanguages, cf. abov€.
nebo - hcarenr skX
nab 12912 - Cod ,..Accordlng to BLelfeldt, thls rord ia ldcntlcal. to the tnttn: ncbula -
fog and the cermanr I'lebel rhlch neans the rame thln!. rt cannot bc aeecpiedthat the 'rAncl-ent slavs n had such a nfogp-J, l-dca of Heaven. Btceusc thl6word sounds llke the Latln and Gennan wolds, he prcsumer they are ldcntlealyet his comparJ"son, ln splte of thls, lc not eonvLnclng"."
Mongollanr
ef. Old Turklsh:UongolLan:
Hungarl.an:
0l4_Slavlc:Suroerian:
OId Slarlc:cf.cf. Rugslan:
Llt. l4ongoLlan:
Turklsh:Eastcrn Turklsh:
Klrglzl
Sunerlan:
Serbo-CroaLlan:
cf. lstln
Notct Thlsr"ord kent Lnto liorlern Greek from the agglutlnative language,i.ptn"Ta
Old Slavig: to5-t-tf = lo make flowcf. tokt|r - lilow, river
Old Turklsh: tdk- - to pour outOsman: d6k- = pour, pour outChuwash: tSk-, tok- = u.o.Sunorian: drgr 396, 26 = pour oul, inPhonetics: k) E palaLalizatlon .,.
t%k-a-ti = weave
toqY- = u.s.toku- = u.s.tokY- * u.s.toka- - u.s.doku- - u.s.Lag, 126126 = weavc, sLrikeLukur 126,22 - u.s.
'fhls needs no explanatlon...
Ol-d Slalic: tt6L-tt5-tr1 = p'ush
Ulghur, Old Turkish: 1fi1 = push aqainst sornelhing
lllddle Turkish: U{t = to sLuff lnOsnran.. tYka = lo stop up
cf. aYk- = u.s.
OId S.l,a'!r1c:
Ol-d Turklsh:Uighur:
l{lddle Turklsh:ChagaLai:
Ogman:
Sumerian:barans - Euphrates
bareY - snamp
paLus - u.g. cte.The SumerLans ca1ld the Euphrates Lhe rgreat baraner - the great
swanpy rlver. Thc Lat'ln nord l-a a ]"oan-flord" The Labtn languagc la not alupcrlor langua6;e" The world dld not begl.n wlth thc latln and Greek lenguag6c .Thc l"anguage cal"lcd it0ld Slavlcw cannoL be an Indo-Europeen languaqe becausathere ls absoLutcLy no proof Lo lndlcate that tt, cver crl"stede rt ls onl.ya hypothetlcal ancLent languapqco created at, the dcsk...
4o2-
oLte4a - fetharata { u.!.tta ! u.!.atakl - ded, cten
codke-rotos
OId S1avlc:
cf.Lit. llongolian:
cf.cf. Tungwlan:
cf. 01d Slavlc:
01d Slavlc:cf'
Ancient forrl:Sunerlan:
01d SlavictSerbo-Croatlan:
Sunerian:
-10r-
ttaa - knonledge
ota*t-tr - to know
roedc-ge - to knowl knowledge
mede- = to know, decLde
niiddy-, nydde - mark, notenftdr& = r'lsenffdrost,% = wlsdon, ei,c.
CsSk o-Botot
Old $lavlclOld TurklshlTurklsht
dlddlc Turkllhr
Old $lavlcrSuncrl.an:
cf.
013 Slavlc!cf. Rursten!
Uzbek:
llastern TurldshlTurkncnlan:
Teranchent
Old _$lsvlc I
Otd ?urklrh:Ogmant
Chegatel-:
Mongollanr
f,oreenr
Sunerl.en!
Old Slavlcrcf.Suacrlan!
Phonctlca:
Thc Inltlal and Flnal d-round of thc Word-root
oB-tt . tay, oet, putdu 206, tl a u.s.du, 2lOrJl - u.r.
drtvo - treed5rcro.- u.s.diriXt - u.a.derax . pl.ante trec, burh
daraht - trecdiirirx - ulrar
dont - housc
tan - ralltatr - u.6.tan - rooftane - vaIL
tan - lr.i.dLm, - l40r? - to bulLd
rouda - orcr ZdrA- red
urudu, urud 13212 - coppcr
urudu) trudu) Old Si.evl.cr rouds
urudu)unrd )trud) Old Slavlc; rrgd-r?
The Old Slavlc r-sound.
/Ed% - speech
re6-ti = to speak
re6-e-t% * u.s.Itrck-tlrIg,r 2lJctJ = to speak, to say
riea - u.s.Hungarian: rcg5l", rege * to rectter recltationPhonetics: Thc g-sound, wlth palatatlzatlon: g)q)X2i ln the languagc
called n01d SlavLc'r.
rlldB - Ihcr6a t roa.rer 2O6, a, 1l - ridura J28r2? = Sakdnu
rar 2Q6,23 = k6nuSenantlcs: to lead, guLde, rulc, dlrect, be suited to, follow, learier;hlp,
governncnt, be flrm" be constant, to set, to put, Lo orrler,to declde, to prepare, to creatc, to cffect, to apply
Hungarian: rend, rendez, rendef - otdcr, set ln order, to ordcrtttotc: The'bld slavrc/word is identlcal to the sumerian-Hungarian. rt berongrtO the agglutlnatlve languages whose prl-orl"ty can bo proven ln wrltten
Thc Lnltlal u-aourd, durlng thc course of phoneiLo hletory, dlsappcared,fore the d-aourd la not of lrdo-Europcan orLgln.
there-
-10[- Ccllkc-Botoc
docunentg.Let,thelrrdo-Europeanll-ngulr|schor'_alnllarvaluab}4,trrlttgndocurnents ahorlng [he tracce of the Indo-European langueger.
$!9,! The lnltlal r-sound ln the Old Slavle languai:c k' ln most c8r€!t
secondaryrc.g.ther-soundrforrnedbyatranspoaltlon'LaEl'soofUraL-Altaleorlgln.
-r0t
In rrOld Slavl-crr the lnltlal vowol dlsappcared. Nov let us see a
comparlsons of the word-endl"ngs.
cs6kc-Dotos
kr.ffgto = clrclckura 6o, 33h = fo curve, bcnd circlckorl = clrclequr-$a = to surround
kiirdii = clrcfe, etc.
*Farts /pronounced: Jiro/ = 3or1nu
Jar - u.r.Jar$ - u.s.yaz /< tar/ = ,.".Jraz ' Suomer
nydr - auno,cr
nar&n ' sun
derlm - srrnncr
5or, 6ur = springEar tizr3Sho8 = grecn
Jar8a - surnmcr corn
JdrsA - u.s.Jarysaa - u.s.
Jarlca = u.s. etc.is a loan-word from the agelutlnatlve languages.
kour6 = roosterkur-gl-hu )66157 * hen
kurkt = u.s.kurkl = crane
qora = nountaln-cock
qur = u.s. etc.
Old $lavlc:Sunerlanc
cf.Hungarlan:
cf.
ef, Old Slsele:
Llt. ltongollanl
OId $avlclLlto l{,ongolLan;
KolballBurJetr
Jakut!
Old Slavtcr r aA'tL ' to burYr dltHongoltant ur Pit, hollor
Ghagatal: or dltchr Pltdakut! 0r'6-, oruo- - burXr to dlg out
Hungarlan: ndna - dltchl
cf. Flnnlcht ' Lovl' ' clcft, notch, fLaaurc, crcvLcc
cf. Busai.an: rovn/tLzJ - 8tra18ht, flstHungarlan: rJnc'flato opcn cormtry
Sulyuqn: ort'u ' atralght, flet, ctc.
Phonetics: or./u) orf - )xeoo-) t*rot-
Hungarlan: *rona "..
r44 d-a-tl ' comPlaln
Lra-du 5?9, 369 - conPlalnt horl
er.-du 5?9r 388t ' lamentat'lon, crtlnS
o"l{r, orolo6l - b*"1, kecP Ycllln8
"6t3r - eryr barl"
rlvul, r(, rlogat, rlggat, r{kat - ileept cr!/t
frLghtcnl nakc (sY) crtrou-tl - barlrlo-t!'urS.orkl,re- i lcrcam, bawl"..
rtko - rlverurlr-!- - to flol, stroan
urJt- - PoUr
urusil81 - Current
0riis - blg rLver
6rfis: . u.t.fira[ - ltttlc rlver, etc'
01d Slavlc:Sumerlan:
Flnnlsh:Old Turklsh:MongolLanl
01d Slavic:PolishlCzech:
Old Turklsh:Turklsh:Hungarlani
Mongollan:
Koreani
Chuwash:
Srunerl-an:
KazanL Tatar:Baskirlan!Jakut:cf. Russian:
The rrSlavlcl word
01d Slavic:Sumerian:
cf. Akkadlan:
Finnish:Llt. Mongolian:
Klrgiz I
Old S}avlcrFlnnlsh:
ef.af
Sunerlan:
Fhonctlcgl
secordary.
01d Slavlq
Scrbo-Croatlan:analyzod:
the rootlSunerlanl
OId Slaylcl?ha Verbal form:Ol.d Turklshl
cf.
Turklahr
-106- erdkc-Eotoc
The Inltlal and Flnal L-sound of the word_root.
rct-t-tr - rr'lentd- - fly (naral)lento . f,lylngll.ntu - btrd /rfltcr...,/?td 84144 . rlae clinb
z) l, whlch rncans thet thc Okt Slanlc l-aound, ln nost cescr, l!
l}odlf€. pcopl"c (eoltectlvc)pronounced: fJgdiJc
cf. dlelect:Old Slavlc:
OLd Slavic:Surnerlan:
Llt. Mongollanl
Turklshl
OId Slavic:
cf.analyzed:
Old Turklsh:Turklsh:Phonetl.cs: Old Turklsh
01d Slavic:
Turklsh:
cf.Hungarlan:
SunerLan:
01d Sfavlc:analyaed:j'tlddlc Turkish:Ulghur:
Eastern Turklsh:Xazanl;Tatar:Kazak:
,1O?-
sl-tb 147,33b = u.s.l$p.f, = fit, sulbableI$pota = prosperltyllob-t- = Love ... ctc.
Iedll = i""sedl-sld 103b, I = co1d, frost,Jud, Jutu = very co1d, wlnterJut = u.s.
chval*l-tt = praiseehvala * pralrechval-akUfA - praisekiir! s u.s.k ) Old Slevic chv ...
kIBt6la = 6u11
kttt{o - u.s.ktltt = Lock
k111t-1e = to lock, lock lnkalltka = blrd-eagekul 72,8 = hold fast, close
rnXka = torture, tormentmfi-ka/-ka - sufftx,/nu? E trouble, need
mup - need, griefmu? = trouble, sorrow, grlcfm6? E SOrrow, painmu2-al = to suffer, etc.
csdke-Bo bor
wlnter
Notc! The Sunsr.lan wonl rent lnto aany nlndo_Europcann lanquaBa;, eltolnto Gcrman: Lcutc - people, eko a collretlr. woftl. pron thts, tt trobvl.ous that the Indo-European llngulctr dld not undcrtaka ,. obJcctlrcLlngulstlc rcsearch.
fJudL - u.r.rJu-dtlJu-Iu, 3)or2 - llan
lpbG - dearttob-l-tt - to Wc9ir - u.rosEret - dearsiiwlg - 1sj6gev- - lovc, etc"
I belleve there is no need of speclal cxplanatlonl
The Inltlal and FLnal n-sound of the root,
lilotec Thc rtOld Slavlcn l-sound, tn thti caac, ls not of lrrdo_EuropeanorLgLn crther, but accondary and
't 's formcd from the Turklsh E-''urd.Lct us note:
sumcrl.an: trer 756u ,16/l - good, bcautlful, pure, frlcndly,favourablc, sncet, adrantageouo,rleJ.l_bclng, beauty, goodncso...
slgS ,r5X]r7 - u"s"
-106-
neE4 - srord
ne8c '6hort S$ord
ttlCgt r trrrnlo . llvc
nf,ttt- nan' :
nafifl - u.r.ma# - u.s.rnef, mcf, E rrr9r
lrr1I 296" ' nan
nuE, rnu-u$ - u.d.
*!tr,$ - porcr
mah !?r3 ' powerful
lm-a-tl - tak6r takc atrey
uint<e- - plck, precs ln the hand
abu- - tekcauuJa - taklngavu! ' handful
1165, lvfi - u.a.ui8 - u.s"uae-tl - to tekcvzla- - u.gr
t4ma'- derkncrc
tuntla - derlr
tan - Yart dark, cter
csdkc-Botor -109-
The n-sound
nlr.. nL = neither ... nor
nc ....nc = u.3.nu. .. r nu = u.s., etc.
ondde = thereanda - u.s.
onfidou = fron thereandYn - u.s.OrthaD = UrSr
The Initial and Flnal v-gound of the root. .;
vrt?ch6 = oldv-et65-a-tl = to grou old
6,d - tlneidd = u.s.1d6g - olded, ud = time
tddsddlk = he ls growlng old
csdkc-uotoc
914-!!SeLlt. l.ongollanr
l(elmuckl
Kolbalt
9l4--lleglgcYogulr ,
Old Turkloh:Flnnlsh dlaleetsSumcrLen!
cf.
9tc-!s:Suncrlanl
9l{!4!e.:Llt. llongollan:
Llt. l{ongol-tan:
cf'Osmant
Chur.e6hr
Scrbo-Croat,lan r
Sloveh!
Old SlavlclFLnrir.ehr
Churr?sh!
01d Slqvlc:Turklsh:Sumorl"an!
.919-$ac&:01d Turklsh:
Old $lavlc:01d Turklsh:
HungarJ-anl
Old 9lavic:cf.
OId Turklsh:Hungarlan:
cf.Sunerlan:
cf. llungarian:
9fg-!1s1s:cf.
analyzed:
0sman:
Kazani-Tatar:
Jakut !
Old Turklsh:
Middle Turklsh:Surneriah:
Phonetlcs: The lnltial-v ls a lrrothesl-s.
vautf(yet-t JG/ = visvelik% = u.s.v-c1l-k16ulu = to make blgcfe = to becomt biB
ul"u - u.s.ulu = bJ.g, bt8Ber
ulu - blgr elevatedt.uI, 154*r lO = t^ be hlqh
i)honetl-cs: The initlal v-sound is a prothesls and the -k is a sr.rffl.x.
*xlo- csEka-botoc
v,66h-nf,i-ti - lcarn, gct uscd touk- - to undirstand, comprehcrd
Old Slavic:ancl"ent forn:Mongollan:
Ancl"enL llongollan:filddlc l,longollan:
}{anchurlan:
Ewenkl:
Hungarian:
Votyak:
OId Slavic:Flnnlsh:LappRr
cf.
Old SlavlclMongollan:
Tungusian:
Phonetlcs: ff:u\ve / 6,
Old Slavlc:analyzed:
Sumerian:
cf. Hungarian:
-111-
vr'4-tB-tt = to turnur4-tlB-: therefore u) vor-El- - to turn
+rporti-
horfl- = u.s.for.o - to turnhorol - to turnforog, fordul - to revolve, turnporJ&l = revolve, spln
Cscike-Botor
|tlddlc Turktshl uk- - u.rollongoll,anl uka- * undcrltard, comprehcrrd
Old Turklsht uk- - u.r.f'honetlce: The Lnltlal. v-sound ls a urothcsls..,
Old ilavtcr v$lso-kti9. telIFlnnl3hs i.so - blgPhonctLcsg Thc lnltlal v-sound la e Drothesls.
Old Slavlc:Ulghurr
01d Slgv1c.r
snaltzedtanclent fonnl!;tddlc Turklsh:Old turkl.sh;l(azanl-Tatar:OsnanB
Churaeh:
llongol-ian;
Flnnlrh:
Old SlavlcrancLcnt form!
SuncrLang
vlbktlo - ,o!.fv]..,t -kG ! -kt . suf flx
*ul4-kGulI- - shout
ulY- - noan
ula- - thbutttlu- - U.!ntLu- . u.c.ull-. u.g.ulvo- - uog.
"ra{4 - doctor*XraEt
uraU 535, t /? - to uee, Look, cxam!.nc, havc e rlslon,here a sccrct,
In l{ongollan and ln OId S1avlc the nore ancl-ent lnltlal p-sound dlsappcarad...
Old Slavlc: vls-t-tt = to hang
01d turklsh: as- = to hang up
Turklsh: es- - u.s.Ulghur: as- - to hang up, hang on
Chuwash: s6-, !ln- - to hang
l4ongolLan: asa- - ral-se oneself up
Phonctl-csl The lnltlal v*sound Ls a prothesls ...
The Old Slevtc wordr t["(krb- roJ.f, actualLy means onc rho shoutca Ln
Garnen: Heulcr. onc rho honlg. Phoncttcs! p)v, tn thLs casc, an
Lntcgral part of, the eound"
t'Br.f - age, llfetlmelka * egc, llfe, llfetlne, sta61e of tifeake = u.s.
Jakc - u.s
dr6 va - two
dad a - folfor
..:'u" = """'
ov$ca = shecp
ov- {caua, ura, u, I+91+16
Juha-k = sheep
i'honctlcs: u)"e 5\I "..^, /
-cIIz-
Thc J-sound conneetlona.
tonrg, _ lroung
Jgng
lni ! youngor brothenlnl - ooso
lnl r u.so
ent - u.!olnl - eub
ccdkc-Botos _u3-
It ls atrange that llngulstlc rcscarch is silent about
csSkc-Botoa
Lhese connectlont.
cf. Old Turklsh: cnllk - botr youthnlddLe Turklehr enlk - d"a.Phonetlcs: ths lnlt,lal J-sound t.c a protheeLa r..
Old Slavlcr laatL - cetThls rarbar forn La Lrrcgular. Thc rnoot 6ocs back to tro dlffcrent
nore anclent orlgins, one of *hLch has thc LnitteL J-aound ec a prothcsls,ln thc otherl horcvor, the J-sound lc an i.ntegral. part of the gound. Thcanclent sourcg la thc s./S - sound.
Old Slavlc:pronounced:
Old Turklsh:UlghurlChagatal:
fiazanl.-Tatar
Jakut:
1.01d Slavlc:analyzedr
pronounccdS
anclcnt forntthe rootr
Old Turklcht
cf.Ulghurr
Chagatal:
fiLddlc Turklsh:Tobol^l
Kalmuck!
Tatara
Old SlavlcrHungarlanr
2. Old Slaylc:
analyzed:
the root:pronounced:
Osnan:
Old Turkish:Ulddle Turklsh:Chuwesh:
Fi,nnlsh:
Hung&rlant
Sumcrian:
pd'fo - nourlshrnent
FadonlFc - catlng
ry44,l-a- : l-nherent J-sound
Ja
J5- * to oat
Xl- 'u.s.yc- = u.3.Xl- - u.s.sy6- - u.s.cszl} * u.s.tc 367, 58d - to eat, dinete -ba 167, 3t ...
lad6 = food
Fad-4 : j- protheslsed-1e = to eatr dlne
|ama - pitJana : J- protheslsanan - openLng, hole, val1eyarna tIt ! u.e.*, = plt
vo'F4vetl = to wag€ war
vo F4-va-tivoJe-
baJl-Idu- = strugglc, fightbaJl-ri - battlefleld
Fastl" r 6at
t'86-t1
J6stt*arLtl r J-prothcslcag-ef - foodr nourlsht.nL i aIa - cst, fc.das-Ilq 'kltehena5 - notlshaent, foodaY-Ia- - .et, drlnkaY-lak - food
a$lau - trough, nangcraIlfi-efl6ttrou8hafLau - trough
hasll.-crlbrmangcrJ6sz6l - nanger
and asztil - table
cf.
3. A thlrd posslbllity Is givcn:Old Slavic:the root ls:
Llt. Mongollan:
01d Slavlc:pronounccd !
Mongoltan:
Jakut:Turklsh:
Nor'r let us sec the folLowing:
Old Slavic!analyzed;
pronounced:
Mongollan:
Phonetlcs: The lnltial b)" ..,cf. with these connectlons:
-n-rt-
vcs-tl. 1- Lcad /vcrbrl noun,/
vcd-c-t? - u"s. /suplnc/vcda- - lagdwlla- . lcad, pullp$ - tcadvczct, vczfr - leadr laadcrudurl r 0o b6 a Leader
uz- - to bc lcd, to lcadudu-z- - to LGad
ttdu-t- - Ur!.ud- r follorui 2t1, 29'l"o Lead, follon, pull
vo lcYode - atuJr lcadcrvoJrvoda
veJevode, voJvoda, ete"vo i0;-t-od-a
Ccttec-Botos
Old Slavle:
l4ordvlnlanlFlnrdsh dtalcct!Cherenlssg
Hungallsn;
MongollAnl
Kolbal:
Old turklsh:Ulghurr
cf.Sunerlan:
pronouncedl
llungarlentanalyzed:
PhonctLcsc Thc lnltlel v- Ls a prothccLa or. lfter thls, lct us aec lhcao ofton nrentloncdrold slavlc"rordt
Let us notl.ce:
OId Slavlc:RugsLan:
Czech:
OId ?urklsh:Turklshl
Old Slavic:cf.
Czech:
ltlddle Turklsh:
cf'Eestern Turklsh:
|IongoIl"an:
9}g_sregrq:cf. Greek:
Latin:LatYlan!
Church Slavic:llungarlan:
Mongollan:
lurklsh:This word
elther.
01d Slavlc:
O1d Indi.an:
Llthuanlan:
-u5- cs6ke -Botoa
1g{1,1n€ - needle- (adJ.)
1916 ' needle
Jchla - u.s.
Jigni * u.s.tfne - rr.e. etc.
agoda - berry
l-a.goda = u.s.
Jahoda - u.s.lgdi - rote Brustbeere
Jlgdi - u.s.JlCdc = snall berry
Ieedc - shrub etc.
Thc 01d Slavlc Paletallzatlon.-vR>c
Ees-a-ti = conb, dctach
YtiLoV - ftax scrape
cdrr6 -Icardwoolkasft,t - scratch
kosa _ ptgtatlk5c - tow
qaru- * scrape, scratchqaz- r seraPe, plane
cannot bc sald to bc strictly of Indo-European orlgln
na-Er6ta-tl = to wrlte
dt"6ta * sign, strokokrntatl - he cuts
kerti.r = I cut with the axe
Hungartan/{ongollan: +- baJf- |
ProLhcsls$- to flght/ vcrbal rooi/
verbal rootvGtbal adJectlveNotcr Thla rord, aceordlng to thc abovc ptoofr, ls not ofisravlc'orlglnbut belongs to the agglutLnsilvr languagea ln lta sntlrciy and ln ltccLdnant!, repprdlese of hov rnueh tbc Indo-Suropcan ll-ngulst,s obJccttNotcl Thc d) J progrcsston 1c al.so:
d)nLlterary llongollanl dotura - lnr insldc, on the lntcrlor
Old Slavlc:pronounecdi
lllddl.c Turklshlcf," 91d Slarlcc
hQtro - lLvcrJgtroJotra - ln thc mlddlc, lnsldev€ -nlll t;r4 - ln, I I t
-11f-
tter6t - cutr cut ln, carve
kirt- - u.t.klrJa - book
lar 40119 - cerve, drar
ccdkc-Botoe
llotst Thcrr ls no necd of palataLlzatJ-on, xhosc charactcrlotlco can bo
traeed ln the agglutlnatlvc Langragea aho, but thc follortng cound changtls tnorc probablc:
") I
_117_
po-Ei-tl - rest, sleep
ktt 536rL-/t+O = rest, sleep
5c. 103b. ,+/fo - rest4'qui6a = restcsend = quJ,et, rest, etc.
Etu-tt * to count
c s6kc-Botor
ldongollant
Turklsh:FlnnlshtSrlrnerlan:
Sunerlant
Chuvashr
t{on6ollan:
Y,anchurleng
cf.Hungarlanl
cf.cf.
cf" Chuwashe
Turklahr
Old 9lavtcrSdnsirltlOld Prugslanr
Ll.thuanlan:
In ell bhc Turkteh dlalectsr
l4ongollanl
Russlant
Phonetics:
01d Slavlc:SunerLan:
LatlntHungarlan:
01d Slavlc:
sa{-{1r1 Lr2,$ - to rrltc{tr- r roer
ffru-fan - LI-nGr seratch
Jur-f, an - lr.ncnlru- - drar{r- - ,rotcslron-rygrarerlcryccruza r pcncll6fru6r - rrr.teryaz-- rrJ.tc, ctc"
lr6nrb - blacktf?dtt - uolrklronan - u.go
kfrfar - black and rhltc
cf. Ett-"-tg,Surncrian: Sftr 314, lrr = to count
51d 311+, t5 = to count, recount
kld 3ll+t 1'l = countr recl.tatlonLet the Slavicists show thelr counter-obJectlons...
Ilovttna - ..rtfolov6k - u.s.ka]cva - etrong, powerful ggg*kaletia - roarkalag-ga 322, 19/ 73c = atrong, powerful
kar/a&/ 322,31, n.2, 1J - s6n
Notct In the 01d Slavlc language, thc suffl-x: -kr72 ls a noun-sufflx.Phonetlc and morphologieal derlvatlon:Surnerlan:
Anclent finnlsh:FLnnlsh:
palatallzatlon:Russlsn:rrOld Slavlcrr:
ef.cf.
01d Slavlc:cf. Russlan:
flnnlsh:AncLent flnntsh:Sunerian!
cf.Phonetlca: k) U and r) { " nrc parallcl proBrrls ln roni dLaltelsls en acccptablc posslbLltty. Thc rndo-Europtan orlEln lo noi conrlnclng.
kalag-axkale{ a
kaleva
falevatelov6kErovtto ... etc.kara(kar- - black
cf. )(ara r rrloqar8 r tlrdo
[iirng{,J ' blaekMongoJ-lan-turkkhr kar-) Russtan: Edr-
In this group belong the other Slavic t*ords and the well-known
Greek words: kaluger, kaludJer, ctc. - monachus , whieh goes back through
the Finnlsh language to the Sunerlan languaqe. The Flnrish word alsomeans: wonder-worker, uragiclan, etc.
Thc wrlter of Lhis book beLleyas that lnternatl.onal hlstorlantand llngulsts somowhers left the noad xhlch leadr to the tnrth...
-11rL ccSkc-Botor
cfina - pr|ec, rcnard
Ectte- - to ralue, taxtsenl r rrrso
CBsar& - klng, cnpcror
cr(asdr - u.c. r -6r - nomcn aeiorl-g
"6szfrJasa-f, - the relgnlng prl.ncc, the htghcrt Judgc
Jaaa-q - prohlbltlon
Jasa - lau
Jasa- - dcclder choosc
faaa-J r ruLcr dlrect, cte.
"tf.t- rholc, hcelthy
"tf-t-tf r to hcalr r"ecovor
tll", ll?r 1? - nholcr Lntacti hcalthr,ILrL26r d - to bo healthy, th thrlvckal, J)2, L6 - u.s.halls - wholc, entlre, healthy
_1r9_ csSkc_Botor
The lnltlal and Flnal 5-sound of the root.
(6p-4-ta-tt - whlsper
slb-gt = whlsper
cf. slb-lr - nhlspcr(tng) (noun)
slp-Ef = whlsper
slu{r = urar
Er-tr - to scw
(Ite 2)3,t5 - lrL2r2 - to tle up, blnd up, tlcsl,toa = etltch togcthor, put togethers{dc- 'to fasten, scw on
$da - - sew
Erai - rr!.sfJfn - thread, string
tlr-ota - wldthrar-ba-Jl - to spread oub, spread
sar- ba;1un = spread out (paet)
Sunerlant
cf.OLd Slavlc:Old Prusslan:
SanakrlttUlghur:
Kazakl
Jekut!
Old SlavlcrLit. Mongollan:
l(almuchl
Old Slavlc:Hungerl.an:
cf. dLalact:llongollanlTurklsh:
cf"Ul6hur:Jakut:
Old Slavlclcf.
Srnarlanl
cf.cf.
cf. 0othlc:
8);
gan* Il1Jrl - bearlng, Pregnant
6lnr 55812' tlavc, neldfena - *ornan
gennof- u.6. Amporatlvc nood/
Jldh . roran
l[?6 . oldcr alstcr-ln-larieV gi; - rife of tho oldcr brothcrsa? as - $lfc of the fethcrra rcLatl,vc
The lnltlal and flnal c-souhd of, the root
Old Slavlc:tlt. Mongollan:
Jakut:fiirghlz:
01d SLavlc:
Sumerl.an:
Flnnlsh:Llt. Mongollan:
Kalmuck:
Teleut:0stDent
O1d SlavlctLlt. Mongollan:
l'lanchurian:
Thcse connect,long ln p&ronctlc history prove that the languasc whlch
ls callcd rtold Slavlc[ Ls not of fndo-Europcan orlgin.,.
-I20- csdkc-Botos
01d Slavlc:LLt. Mongollanl
old lilavlc!.l'{ongollan:
01d Slavic:liongollan:Iakutt
OId Slavlc:Osnan!
OId Slsyls.
01d Slavic:Tunguslan:
cf.r'.ongolLanl
Chagatal:
Kaza.k:
Phonetlcg and morphologr:Tungusl.an:
01d Slavlc:osnan!
Ulghur:
Chuwash:
-121-
ctna = price, wages
Eonc- = to value, tax
"tdS = r know
ruedc- - to know, decldc
rt-U - rlver, widc rivcruru-s - to flow, strean6riie = r,rldc rlver etc.
pt-tf - to slng6-t- = slng : the p-sound <lroppedpot-g - I slng I I = a ftI]er
sntgts - snor,r
sl? l-ksq = frostsl7l-lgen = anovt
sci r; - s piece of lce3a? = thin lccse1 = piece of lce
EriBgt ( xstng{a
si71_
prt-lBp-t-ti = to stlckyapI$ = to sttckyapiur - to adhere, stJ,ck3ie-69 g u,..
csJkc-Botog
Thc Vowcls
A few lrords about thc dlphthongs. The hypothetlcal Indo_Europ€an _"1bocarne -r-- ln .rd slavic. we do not nced the phonetrc hlstory or tnri
aprogresslon because the "old slav.c' -r"- sound is rdcntlcal tothe oquivarenisound in the agglutlnatlvo languages.
Sumerlan:
dl.alcct:01d iilavlc.
cf.Lit. l".longo1l-an:
Altalc Turklsh:Chagatei:Sulyuan:
OId Slavicl
Srunerlan:
01d Slavlc:
Ll.t. Mongollan:
Hungar!.an:
01d Sl-avlc:cf. Mongollan:
01d Slavlc:Sunerlan!
lel l42r2ho = eyc, to soeideg llp1 66c o fLguro, appcaranccvldt= u.s.vrdB-tl = to see ...blEl - to rrltepf6tt = wrltlng, bookpiEf-6tn - rrtterplfi- - to nriteplY -,lA = f nrlte, etc.
e, J9l, 2fi,a - to go
1-rt
elcge-de- * rtchly, overflowel6g - 6nouU5
llch% = overflordngellJede - richly, overflow
Taranchan: Fret _ na4y, very manyThc inltial a-sound dlsappeared from the 01d Slav.la wsrd.
Supposedly the Inrlo_Europcan al_ anrt _ol_ became B/E tn 01d Slavlc.Thls is not necessarlly so becauee:
cB1% * wholer healthysll E u.s.
The
O1d Slaylq.
^P
Old Turkish:Uighur:
ou-sound ls also e resuLt of the clonqatlon of tho vowcl...pouat% = deserted, emplvpous-t?,
buz- = destroy, annlhllatebuz- - u.s.
/cI. the exarnples shown on p. 116/
-L22-
bcz- - spollpf s- s u.s.pus- - u,s.pad l+69,6 - to destroy
cs6ke-Botog
oucho = carucho = ursro5r - earrt
iiro- - to hear
"uY zrl, ?o o to hcarr percelve, 6tc.
ot di-tt ' to teach
ull-tt - u.".uqlt- = to teach, Bhare, Gtc.
611- * preflxa1- = u.s.eI- - u.r.
ob-ou-ti - to dress
ou-
8r-t ...
oum?a- underEtandlng
cl"nc = understandlng, splrlt, eensc
alma)6ma ... - spplc
slouga - servantsluga s rre.szolga - u.s.sculga = u.a.szuluSe:-ga=sufflxsulu 12, 129 * ptqittu = lnspection, oupport, conunlsslon,
authorlty, admlnistratlon, place, etc.
Note: The anclcnt form of thls ilord-fenlly lE thc SumerLan word whlch
ncans nopen handl the flve fingers end the palm. Therc are no Indo-!]uropsan
characterlstlcs Ln lt ...
:L23- Cs6ko-Eotog
Kazanl-Tatar:
Chuwash:
cf.SunerLan!
OId Slavlc:Sorbo-Croatlan:
plural:01d Turklsh:Sunerlan:
01d SlavLc:
Serbo-Croatlanl
01d Turki.sh:
01d Slavic:Sunsriani
Hungarlan:
01d Sl-avic:
the root:Hungarl-an:
Old Slavlc:Hungarlan:
cf. Hungarlan:
llnally, Otd 6lavic:
Serbo-Croatlan:
Hungarian:
old form:
old form:Suruerian:
In the dlphthong -ou-, the u-eound has an l-sound as an anteccdcnt:
Old Slavic:Sumcrian:
cf.OsrBn:
cf.Sert:
Hungorlan :
Old Slavlc:llongolLan:
Finnlsh dLalect:
Suncrlan:
^c
HungarJ-an:
OId Slavlcl
Old Slavlc:Ancient Sl-avlc:
Llthuanian:Al-banlan:
Gothlc :
Sunerlan:
Thc origln of the nasal sounds
Pd\t6 - flvebad 69151+ - to open, opcn
Uu-bad 354rlll+ - open hand
p5rnXd - thc flve flngers; paw
pandXuk = hand
pandE * fLvcmenc9 = Pew ...
sllb%- toothSobu-f,ar = polnt, polnted
haarbaz * tooth ... etc.
bad 69126 - Gold Sllverpad2 = u.a.p'ez - rnoncy
p6nz r llrsrp5ncz r roarptnn54 = sllver coln, etc.
l4ctathesis
grad6- cltyxgord?
gardas = fenccgarth = fence
garda = (sheep) pen, (cattle) pound
gar 597t7 ' enelose, surround, enclogure
kar j26x, I = darn, wal1, ralllngcf.
-124a-
earid - fcnce, flll, dtke, ditchgarsin - sheep enclosure
karsLna - fencc, encJ-ogure
qorlJa - fenced In yard
Qora = cattls pen
f orxo = u.t. et,c.
bfBg$ - bank, slopcxberg% /tcchnlcal term/bafQ uah - mountalnr helghtbrhant - hlghbreg - h1llbar 74t 215 - hlghr to bc ralsed...
Thls word ls of Sunerian orlgln...
nttko - nllkinclko * /technlcal term/nolokd = dlk
cgdkc-Botoa -r25- cs6kc-Boboo
glagol% - word
glagol-r-ti = say, apeak
6ologol-1-t?- chet
Salegyol, galatyol - talk rlthout substanco
cf. kalatyol, kcletyolkala- = spcak
kclc- - to oay, speak
liri'niEr - lnterprctcrkcllne - word
klclt - tongu.c, Ianguage
85 l5r5 - spcak,word
ka 1Jr2 - nouth
qtlu - volcc, callqCIu * to call, scrcam
ge1-84 27813 = order, runourg6los - aound
/alas - u.s.cf. wLth thesc conncctlons:
Note: The Sumerlan-llunga,rlan word forrn - gardd - ls thc arrclont sourcc ofth.'lslavlc"language word foruatlon - gordd, grad, ctc.
The Hungarlan -garad) Old Slavle: gradlb... In this casc, thcre
vae no necosslty for transposltlon. Thc vowel ln the first sy11abl6
sinrply dlsappeared ...
Hungarlan!
LappN:
Flnnlsh:Llt. Ilongollan:Klrglz:lr'ranchurl-an:
Old $lavlc:Anelent Slavlc:Avesta:
S€tnskrltt
Serbo-Croatlan:
Sunerlan:
01d Slavlc:Anclent Slavl-c:
cf. Russl-an:
Old Slevlc:cf.
cf. Rucsian:
Hungarlen dlalcct:
Chuwssh:
L1t. Mongollan:
ulghurtTurklsh:Flnnlsh:Sunerl"ant
cf.cf. Akkedian:
SuncrLan:
cf. Russian:
Oect:
SunerLan:
cf.Rur6ient
01d Slavic:Ancl"ent SLavic:Sansltrit:Llt. Mongollan:
llungarlan:
bur. 71r lld = erl"bur ravcn
buru, - u.s.4
voron r u. !t .
Whltc-Russlan: nalakd = urerSuuerl,an:
12ar"3l9,9 - rleh nllk
dlelecL: 'tmar - u.s.Llngul-sta crnphaslzc the Indo-Europcan orig{n of thls word but the
truth says dlfferentlyt
Rulel Thc languagc rhlch ls called tt0ld Slavlctt ls nelther Slavlc norIndo-European but belongs ln the fan11y of agglutlnatl-ve languages nhlch,Ln phonetic hlstory, becanc a dcterlorated language form.
gledZ - hunger* gold% /technlcal- tern/gddl-.tt = greed
furi-fu - hungry, starvedgornJradozlk- droop
-L26- Cs6kc-Botoe
vtaO-t-ti * nltevalditi 'ur3rbala p, 16 * govcrnmcnt, perlod of nd_c, yaer of rlle,
regentb) v I a progrossl-on which can be shown 1n tho Indo-Europcan
Ianguages is a borror,d.ng fron thc Sumcrlan...
-I27-
30r - llncser-cg - reglmont
cstkc-Botoa
OId Slavlc:Llthuanian:Srurerlant
Phonetl"cs:
Old Slavlctcf. Russian:
cf. SansbrltBasklrian:Cherenlss:
Ruaslan:
Old Turklsh:I'longollan:
Chagatal:
Manchurlan:
Turkish:In Old S1avlc,
SurncrLan:
cf.01d Turkish:Llt. llongollan:Osnan:
tlt. ltongollan:Osrtren:
Hungarl-an:
Morphology: Sunerian:
Baskirlan:Turkl-sh:
6r&a - or{cr, ror, hcrddercda r Euccesslon, Ecqucnce
"("aUf, - herd
slrat * row
f,crct - llncEcrcd = u.s.6crgE = row, ouccesslon
J."gc = IinedX8rgi = u.a.dEergc 'urersfre - Iinc, etc.
the lxo words bccenc onr:tar 396, Lg - bc numcrouEr @r\y, plcnty, croudYcr L52, 23b * pilc; troop, band
siiriig - hcrdsrirrig - hcrd of cattlesiirii s rrsrUerlg - army, troop[drl - u.g.
I. sor - 11nc
2. sercg = reglmcnt
l. csorda, cscrda etc. - hcrdY.rIcrslr-at : Olrot : JdrJi = u.s.sfr-a : Flnnish : JirJe = rangc, order
Thc entire word-farul}y belongs to the agglutlnatlve languagoo.The Germant Schar - troop, regJ.ment, is derLvcd from the Suncrian wordtVar, whether they llke lt or notl
Hungarlan:
Altelc I
Hungarlent
RussLan:
Old Slavlc:
01d $lavlc:rf
Llt. ltongollan:
Suncrlanl
cf.cf.cf
Old Slavlc;ancLent forn:
Cf. Old Slavic:ancient forn:
OLd Slavlc:Sumerlan:
OId Slavlc:Llt. Mongollan:
Kalmuck:
but:
sur_and [or
cscr-da, csor-da, etc. - hcrdEer-ed, Uerc-da
6"taa
-frt- tr. = devour, suallow
-{,Ar-n = I cilallow
Jal.ara- - svallow, devour
ur,271, J8
gud-ur3-ra = plough-stccruru4 5615 - cultlvate, planturur, 2551 28 = to harrow the fleLdral"o - plough+ordlo ...ratai - ploughman
xorlaJ6.i.
ra-s-tL = grod
rur-44lr3 - u.s.
1% g-a-ti = llealt' u-r = fraudr deeeitfulal{i-r - u.s.
Kalnuck: a61-g1- - u.s.osman: Jal.*rar : sna.llow
f,lrglz: Ja}-na- u.s. ... otc.Phonrtlcar the final r I ...
128J
Thc a- and o-sounds 1n Old S1av1c
Csoko-Botos _r29_
ves-lo - oarves- ! v-protheslsas- ! row
a9 - u.6.s, , ,..as-KaK ' oar, etc.
cs'dke-Botos
ves -tl = leadvcd-c-t'6 - u.s /suplne/vcda- - u.s.vcDa - u.s.uJ 2Ure9 = gulde, 1ead, follow, pulluz- - lead
uduz - lcad etc.
Thc Old Slavlc t,/drl-sound
t'B.a - belief, rcllglon6rim - hopc, expectaLlon, superstltion, lmaglnationirfun = u.o.erLm - hopc
r3'gr 2lJc 2/J ' speak, tark, say
rek-fi = f say
rf,dG - speech
{tta 6z13 * ltght, pure, clearevlt-a-tl - to becone 1lghtsv4rt-t-tl = to J-lghten, etc.
ctna _ prlcoEeno- - va1ue, tax
popil - pricetpap 6O12 - hlgh prlcst, prlestpap - pricst
morlc - aca
n<iren - widc rlvernur - wetcr
mar 597r38r 267b * floodme 5'19,L9 - watcr
In this cese once agaLn we eannot epeak of strlctly Indo-Europcanorlgln...
919 9ravrc.:Sumerian:
Hungarl-an:
01d Slavlc:Llt. Mongollan:
Korean:
Sumerian:
cf.
Old Slavic:Sumerian:
OId Slavlc:analyzed:
Sumcrian:
conbl-ned:
01d Slavlc:cf. 01d Slavic:analyzcd:
Equivalent Sumerlan conblnatlons:
HungarJ-an:
cf. Sunerl"an:
conbLned:
Old Slavlc:cf. Sunerlan:
combl,ned:
Old Slavic:
oko * eyc
u86 449, 145d - u6 449, 1.h, = lgl. l&9r7 - rac, look, cy. ...
novG a ncvt
no-v-'lbnu lJr6 - denlalr no
,16 hl+9 1195 - see, look'rnu-u
no-r-fta not seen - new
nev6 sta = fianceens-v{5a-t"a = not knorm ,..
Old Slavlc:the root:
Oe[an:
Chsgetal:
Eastern Turkleh:
Old Slavlc:af
ldordvLnlan:
Flnnlsh dlalcct:SumcrLen:
Kolbal:OId Turklsh:
OId Slavic:Osnan:
Chagatal:
Llt. Mongollan:
01d Slavlc:cf.cf.
Sumerlan:
Old Sl,avic:
Old Slavlc:Lit. I'iongollan:
nu-ga 7r,56 - weak
nya-va-Lya = weakness ...nu f!r5 = denialr no
gu2 106, 762/1 - to dress oncself; clothlng*nu-gu - undressed
n4846 g nakcd
me Ji2, 39/$ * volce, speech, to speak*nu-mc - does not speak, dumb
nenrf, - durnb ...
-13Q:
Thc Old Slavl-c l-sound
Old Slavic: N. Sg. F. sl - thls (dtese)
demonstrative pronoun: s4Flnnlsh: slcllii - there
OId $lavic:01d Twklsh:Turklsh:
OId Sl"avlclMongollan:
Tungusian:
01d Slavlc:Llt. liongollan:Kalnruck:
01d SlsvlclCherenlss:
Zyrian:liordvinian:Sumerian:
cs6kc-Botor
lska-tl = Iook fortstii- - to look for, rlshlste- - u.s.
The 01d Slavlc R6-soundblo'lt-|'l * bc, cxlstbti- ! u.s.bl- - u.s. ...
ab$t4o - satisfiedr fullEaa- - bccone satlsfled, aatlsfy o.s.tsat- - u.s.
nrbb-lt - to wash
mSEt<- - u.a. /-5t- = repetetivo gufflx,/
{r$k- - u.s.rnuFkf- - u.s.ne, 579,1+5 - to dampen, rLnse
The 01d S1avlc % -sound
d{6no - ground, floordun^ 595.8/27 = deen
J'
kv|vb = blood
kunrn^ 3O9,h = u.s.
-131-
Thc Old SLavlc 4-sound
Old Slqvlc: Er6tcn4o = redSurncrlan: kur-un 6f, Ur/zu+/]'ll:a - redPhonetlcs: k) E palatallzatlon ...
risSkc-Botot
Old Slavlc:anclent f,orm:
01d Turkish:
cf'Turklsh:Chuwash:
priovB = flrst+pgvvbblr - oner flrstplr = u.s.blr - u.s.pDrrparar!u.3.
The 01d SLavlc f-sound
Old Slavlc:Sumerlan:
Old Slavlc:Sumcrian:
The 01d Sl_avlc and evon the SIav languages have no lnltlalor flnal f-sound. Thls ls tmc, ln moot cascs, of the aggrutinatlve Jan6uapo;,cxccpt for Hungarlan. For exanplc, ln Sl"6ys1, only onc orlgj.nal wortl-fonnhas en lnitlal f-sound: f6<a - f(Jl (Hung.) ' bl.ow! Thts ts an
ononntopoelc word, borrowcd fron thc Finno-Ugrlc languages ,...Tha Slavlc languagcs, ln thet casc, ere also closely related to the
Hongol-Tungueian languagee.
In closlng I quote Dr. Tlbor narftn: A Magyar l:dpek 6st6rtdnete I. pr,:l
rrIhe exlstencc of a language and the famlly group to whlch ilbelongs l-s deterrined by its gramnar, phonetlcs and its vocaburary.'l
r berleve that r have l-n every rcspeet fulflrled the above mentlorrc<lmle. There ls no nOld Slaylctr languagc. The lrnguaqc whleh ls calledtrOld Slavlcr! la a regular agglutlnative language whose phoneblcs, ln Lhe
coulse of phonetlc hl-story, have deteriorated.rt ls rny convlctlon that the above-monil.oned proofs are irrefutablc...
Csoko-Botor
llPltmuE
The wrltor of thi-s book hae presentcd to the reader thc structuralconnectl-ons and the phonetLc hlstory of the language whlch ls callcdOId S1avlc.
Wc can Btete the followl-ng rules:1. The language which ls called O1d Slavlc ls an agglutlnative languageln lts structure.2. The language whlch ls calrad old slavic has word forratlons slrnlfar tothose of the agglutlnatlve languages, wlth ldcntlcal elenents.3. The 01d slavLc noun formatlon, together vlth its elements, ls Ldentlcalto the equlvalent ln the agglutlnative languages.
4. Tho old slavlc noun sufflxos and thelr elements arc not of rndo-EuropeanorlgLn but are identical to the cquLvalent formg ln the a(glutLnatlv. languages.,. The 01d slavic verbal formatlon ard lts cfements are ldentlcar to theequlvaLent structure and clements of the egglutlnatlve languages.6. The 01d slavlc verbal sufflxcs end their ercments ere idcntlcel tothe equlvalent structure and el-ehcnts of the agglutinartlvc languagcs.7. Seveniy percent of thc vocabulary of the fold Slavl"e" Ianguge lt notof rndo-European orLgln but ldentlcal to the equlralcnts ln the srmrerlan-Ural-Altalc languages.
8. The vocabulary of the O1d Slavlc languagc har also fifteen pcrcent ofIndo-0uropean related words.
9. Flve percent of the vocabulary of the O1d Slavlc language can be shown
to have strictly Indo-European eonnectlons.IO. In the language whtch ls caIled OId Slavle, we can lndicate therlgid characteristlcs of phonctlc harmorgr.
11. rn the Ord slavlc languagc, thc gendcr dl"ffcrentl-ation, in the courseof language progresslon, through folk etyrnology, rlth the help of thedenonstratlve pronouns, has a conpound constructlon, bherefore Lt ls notan orlglnal gender dlfferentiatlon.
-T?J- Csoke-llo to r
12. Tho nanes of the numerale in the language called OId Slavlc are rntof Indo-European or5.gln aither; they are not orlginal nunerafs but carr
be shown to origlnatc from equlvalent forms ln the agglrrtlnatlvo larrgrvr1l"r.13. The Old Slavlc: g]ovbn6sk|o
analyzed:
ard
analyzcd:
slov-tn-6 sk?slovtncslovJUn-e
ncanlng: Slavl-c and Slav. Thls shows that llngulsts falslfied thls mearr.lrrg
Just ln order tolronsurerrhlstorlcally the name flslav't. Thcso worrj fornrs
ln ectuallty are the OId Slavlc noun : slovo ( slov-o = word . wlth theaddcd sufflx varlatlons!l ILot us analyze the norphology of the word:
Old Slavicl el"ov-o = word
edJ. 1. slov-Bn-{sk'A * ln agreement 'rlth Lhe word
2. sfovj$n-e = ln agrcement wlth the wortis
Thercfore lt docs not mean ItSlavlc,l
These wcrrds havc no connccf,Lons wlth the nane of the peoplo - lilav-but they are varl-antg of the norrl : slovo wtth adjectlve srrfflxes...
Wtth the spreadlng of Chrlstlanity, the rrslavlc apostlestt, Cvrll nnrt
Method, oxplalned the Blble ln the language of the people, therefore,naccordLng to the wordtt: slortbnZsk%, and not ln Latin...
Thls ls the truth, llke tt or not...IS conclusJ-on ls:The knorm lrrltten language form of the language whlch iC calfecl
ItOld Slavlcr'ls the product of the language of the Hungarlan trlbes,Kadosa and Zodrd. Thcsc trlbes cane fron the couthern part of thoCaucasus to Joln irpadrs lbgyars and then they separated from them anrl
settled ln the Balkan penlnsula, from the clty of DureJ Lo Salonlca...I quote Badlny: fatae{t6f Istergarnlg, p, lJ:rr The history of rnanklnd, recorrled ut_r to presenl tlme, to a gr.nr,
cxtent, lacks real data. This hlstory was not wrltten accordlng Lo ilrr flrrrllrrprof archeology, anthropologr and llngulstics but according to a liactor whlehwe cannot call sclentlflc -- power -- whlch sclentific lnterpretatlon alwrvrrpubllclsetl in ils own interests..rl
Csoke-Botoa
tule: The language whlch ls called O1d slavlc ls aldeterlorated'forn of the
Hungarian language Just as Prench is of Latln or Engllsh of Gcnaan. Th{s
ls the truth and nothlns else...
_735-
Blbliography
Csdke-Bot,' rrr
Slavlc:
H.H. BieLfel-dt, Altslawlsche Granrnatik, Nloneyer Publlshing to, *,rt," lr)61.Dr. H. Brluer, S1-awlsche Sprachwlssenschaft I.II.III. W. de Cruyter tCo.
Ber).in, 1961.
Bernekcr-Wagmer, Russlschc Gra"nrnatlk, San.Gdschen. Ber11n, N.Y. 192f.V.S. faraalt6, Srpskl ReEntk. Prosvcta, Belgrad. 1966.
Stelczer, ir$<t, Cseh-Magyar Szlotir. (Dlctlonary) Budapeet. 1!6/Paultny-Ru*ftka-Slolc, Slovensk( gramatika. SPN. Bratislava. 1968
Chrenkov{-Tank5, Magyar-sz1ovik,/ selovSt<-magyar ez5tdr(dictlonary) SiN. Jt".
1973
Ural-Altalc:
Budena Jdzsef, Az ugor rlyelvek <isszehasonlft6 afaktana. lifA. 8p.188!.Szlnrlyel J6zsef, Magyar nyelvbsszehasonlftds, H.V. Budapest. I92O
Lak5 Gy6rgy, A magyar sz6k6szlet fLnnugor elenel. I.II.AK. Budapest. IgZlKnLczea Istv/n, A magyar qyelv sz1lav Jdvev6nyszaval.I.II. AK.
' . udaPesL' 19'/lr'Radanovlcs K5ro1y, Eszakl-osztJ6k rqyelvtan. AK. Budapest. 1961.
Bereczki G6borr0serernlsz nyelvk8nyv. TK. Budapest. 19?I.f{fm{n e5fa, Manysi nyelvkbnyv. TK. Budapest. I!J!.Toivonen-Itkonen-Joki, Suomen-klelen-etymologinen sanakirJa. SUS.
SUS. Helslnki.l97O.Dr. J. Benzlng, LarnrtLsche Orarnmatlk. F. STclner. Wlesbaden. 1955.
D1c TungusLschsn .)paacherr. F.Stetner. Wiesbaden.l?56.
N. Poppe, Gramnar of wrltten I'longollan. 0H. lliesbaden. 1964.
Vergleichende Granunatik der alLaischep Sprachen. I. Otl.
rilesbaden.196O.
G.J. RarnstedtrElnfiihrung in die altaische Sptachrissenschaft.. I.II.SUS. llelslnkl. 1952.
Kalmiicklsches W6iterbuch. SUS. HeIsinki. 1935.
ll
/
CsSke-Botoa
l'Iarttl R6s'inen, versuch ernes otyrnologlschen w6rtcrbuches dcr Tiirksprachen.SUS. Hclslnki. 1969.
A. von Gabain, Alttiirkischc Grarunatl-k. IIEB_VerIag. Letpzle. 1949.H.J. Kla sltng, Osraanlsch-tlirktsche Grarunatik.OH. Wlcsbaden.lg6oR.S. Gazlzov, ?atarskiJ Jazyk.TKI. fazjn.lg60NadeJaev*Nesllov-Ten1lev-Slcrbak, DrevnetJursklJ slovarJ.Nauka.
Lenlngrad.1969.D.R. Fokos-Fuchs, holle dcr Syntax...0H. Wlesbadon.lg62A.M. S6erbak,
SravnltelJnaJa fonetlka tJursklch Jazykov. AN. Lenlngrad.lgZO.U.VirnU'ery, Alt-osnanlsche Studlen. E.J. Brtl1. Lelden. 1901.Erl eh Hauer, Handwbrterbuch der l4andschusprache.0H. Wlasbadcn.l952.Feher J. i,iityis, Avar k6nyvek.I.II.lfISZ. Buenos Al"res. 19?2.
Anclent, Near-Bast:ArnoPoebel r
"Grundziige
<ler sumerigchen Gramnatlk.EV. Rostock. 1923.P. A.Delme1, Surnorlsches Lexlkon.I.II.III.IV.V. Romo. 1934.RenE labat, Manuel dr6plgraphle Akadicnnel.tNl parls. 1963.I.M.Dlakonoff, Hunlsch und Urartilsch. R. Kitzlnger. Munleh.l97l.W.V. Tlll,Koptlsche Gramnatlk, VEB verl. Lelpzlg. I9ZO.Dr. sarith ribor, A maryar ndpek Sstbrt6nete. r.II.rrr. Montreal. 1975.Badiny J.Ferenca fataeSt6t Istergarnlg. Buenos Alres. 19?1.Csdke S6ndorrSundr-nagyar iisszohasonl{t6 qyelvtan.TA. Buenoo Alrcs. 1922.
Sum5r-flnn-mongol-tbriik 6sszehasonllt6 nyel-v_tan.
F0.Buenos Aires.IgTl+h6.
Vergleichendes l'rdrterbuch der lndogermanischen Spraehen. I. II .W.de Gnryter Verl.BerLin_Lelpztg. 1950.
K' voretsch/G.Borfo, Ej.nfiihrugrn das studruro dcr altfranzdslschen sprache.M. Nierneyer Verl. Tiblngen. 1955.
Indo-European:
Ealdc-Pokorny,