UK Building Regulations and Supporting Standards Dr David Moore Director of Engineering BCSA Russian Delegation, BCSA 26 th Sept 2011
UK Building Regulations and Supporting
Standards
Dr David Moore
Director of Engineering
BCSA
Russian Delegation, BCSA 26th Sept 2011
Content
• Building Regulations
• Approved Document A
• Eurocodes
• Design guides
• Execution Standards
The Building Regulations 1965
The Building Regulations 1965
The building shall be constructed so that the
combined dead, imposed and wind loads are
sustained and transmitted by it to the ground:
a) Safely; and
b) Without causing such deflection or deformation
of any part of the building, or such movement of
the ground as will impair the stability of any part
of another building.
Approved Document A
The Structural Eurocodes What are they?
EN 1990, Eurocode - Basis of structural design
EN 1991, Eurocode 1 - Actions on structures
EN 1992, Eurocode 2 - Design of concrete structures
EN 1993, Eurocode 3 - Design of steel structures
EN 1994, Eurocode 4 - Design of composite steel & concrete structures
EN 1995, Eurocode 5 - Design of timber structures
EN 1996, Eurocode 6 - Design of masonry structures
EN 1997, Eurocode 7 - Geotechnical design
EN 1998, Eurocode 8 - Design of structures for earthquake resistance
EN 1999, Eurocode 9 - Design of aluminium structures
The Structural Eurocodes What are they?
Each Eurocode has several parts:
• EN 1993-1, General & rules for buildings
• EN 1993-2, Steel bridges
• EN 1993-3, Towers, masts & chimneys
• EN 1993-4, Silos, tanks & pipelines
• EN 1993-5, Piling
• EN 1993-6, Crane supporting structures
And each part can have several sub-parts…
The Structural Eurocodes What are they?
• EN 1993-1-1, General rules
• EN 1993-1-2, Fire design
• EN 1993-1-3, Cold-formed
• EN 1993-1-4, Stainless steels
• EN 1993-1-5, Plated structures
• EN 1993-1-6, Shell structures
• EN 1993-1-7, Trans. loaded plates
• EN 1993-1-8, Joints
• EN 1993-1-9, Fatigue
• EN 1993-1-10, Toughness
• EN 1993-1-11, Tension components
• EN 1993-1-12, High strength steels
And each sub-part has its
own National Annex!
The Structural Eurocodes What are they?
EN 1990
EN 1991
EN 1994 EN 1993 EN 1992
EN 1999 EN 1995 EN 1996
EN 1998 EN 1997
Safety, serviceability
and durability
Actions on structures
Design and detailing
Geotechnical and
seismic design
The Structural Eurocodes What are they?
Product Standards
Execution Standards
Designation Materials Elements Testing
Testing Installation Assembly Manufacture
Design Rules
The Structural Eurocodes What are they?
Published by BSI
a) BSI title page
b) BSI National Foreword
c) EN title page
d) EN text
e) EN Annex(es)
f) BSI National Annex
(May be a separate document)
NB. The EN parts are reproduced
without any alterations
a
b
c
d
f
e
The Structural Eurocodes What are they?
The criticality of the National Annex
• Allows for differences in:
– Geography, climatic conditions
– Level of safety, durability, economy
• NA contains:
– Nationally determined parameters
– Country specific data (e.g. wind „maps‟)
– Decisions on application of informative annexes
– References to NCCI
It cannot modify the content of the EN Eurocode text in any way
The Structural Eurocodes What are they?
NCCI – Non Contradictory Complementary Information
• Fills in the gaps in the Eurocodes:
• Steel NCCI all on www……….
The Structural Eurocodes Why have they been developed?
To:
• Eliminate technical obstacles to trade
• Harmonise technical specifications
• Improve functioning of EU market
• Increase EU competitiveness
The Structural Eurocodes When will they have to be used?
Estimated programme:
• All Eurocodes & NAs are published
• BS 5950 etc withdrawn in March 2010
Government policy is still unclear:
• PPD for public works after 2010
• UK Building Regulations?
– No update of AD ‟A‟ until 2013
– BS 5950 still referenced
– Letter from Secretary of State?
The Structural Eurocodes How are they different?
• Code drafting by committee!
• Cultural changes:
– Greater use of first principles
– Greater use of FE analysis
– Better knowledge of maths
• Increased number of documents
– E.g. Steel composite bridge design
• 5 to BS 5400
• 14 to Eurocodes
The Structural Eurocodes How are they different?
Principles & Application Rules:
• Principles:
– General statements for which there is no alternative
– Identified by the letter „P‟, & Use the word „shall‟
– Fundamental requirements
• Application Rules:
– Generally recognised rules that comply with the „Principles‟
– Use words such as „should‟, „may‟, „can‟
– Alternative rules are permitted
(But must offer equivalent safety, serviceability & durability)
The Structural Eurocodes How are they different?
Terminology:
• “Action” - load or imposed displacement
• “Verification” - check
• “Resistance” - capacity (in terms of strength)
• “Execution” - construction / fabrication
Notation (Subscripts):
• “Ed” = design value of effect of actions (e.g. NEd = axial force)
• “Rd” = design value of the resistance
(e.g. NRd = resistance to axial force)
The Structural Eurocodes How are they different?
Member sign convention:
• As per software packages – less potential for error!
• x-x axis along the member
y y y y
y y
z
z
z
z
z
z
v
v
u
u
The Structural Eurocodes Where can I find help?
From the steel construction industry
• Involved in drafting the Eurocodes
• Published ENV guidance documents
• Involved in drafting the UK NAs
• Started latest guides over 5 years ago
A lot of history
A lot of expertise
The Structural Eurocodes Where can I find help?
Initial suite of technical guidance from Corus / BCSA / SCI:
Steel Building Design:
• Introduction to the Eurocodes
• Concise Eurocodes
• Design Data
• Medium Rise Braced Frames
• Worked examples – Open sections
• Worked examples – Hollow sections
The Structural Eurocodes Where can I find help?
Steel Building design:
Introduction to the Eurocodes
The Structural Eurocodes Where can I find help?
Steel Building Design:
Concise Eurocodes
•
The Structural Eurocodes Where can I find help?
Steel Building Design:
Design Data
•
The Structural Eurocodes Where can I find help?
Steel Building Design:
Medium Rise Braced Frames
•
The Structural Eurocodes Where can I find help?
Steel Building Design:
Worked examples – Open sections
•
The Structural Eurocodes Where can I find help?
Steel Building Design:
Worked examples – Hollow sections
•
• Old Standards • BS 5950 Part 2
• National Structural Steelwork Specification 5th ed
• New European standards • BS EN 1090-2
• National Structural Steelwork Specification 5th ed( CE Marking)
Execution/Fabrication Standards
• Constructor responsibility
– Manufacturer‟s declaration of conformity
– Warranty that product meets the specification
• Safety critical products
– Must have suitable FPC
– FPC needs to be certified by a Notified Body
– Linked to Execution Classes [EXC]
• Welding is a special process
– Reliance on the “system” and the “personnel”
– Competent welders and inspectors required
– Competent welding coordinator
Principles – EN 1090-2
• Covers all fabricated steelwork from Purlins to Portal Frames including Bridges
• Components made from:
– Hot-rolled steel
– Cold-formed steel
– Flat products (plates, sheet and strip)
– Bars, castings and forgings
• Applies to:
– Series production (Purlins, sheets, decking etc)
– Bespoke structures
– Components made from kits of parts
Scope – EN 1090-2
• Execution class is at the heart of:
– BS EN 1090-2
• Execution Class is a design issue
• Can apply to the whole structure, part of the
structure or specific details
• A single structure may include several Execution
Classes
Execution Classes
• Recommendations for determining Execution
Class are given in BS EN 1090-2.
• There are four Execution Classes:
– Execution Class 1 „Lowest‟
– Execution Class 2
– Execution Class 3
– Execution Class 4 „Highest‟
Execution Classes
• Execution Class should be selected on the
following three conditions:
– The consequence of a structural failure
(Consequence Class)
– The type of loading (Service Category)
– The processes used for the work and the
required quality level of the component
(Production Category)
Selection of Execution Classes
Execution Classes
Consequence
Class
CC1 CC2 CC3
Service categories SC1 SC2 SC1 SC2 SC1 SC2
Production
categories
PC1 EXC1 EXC2 EXC2 EXC3 EXC3a EXC3a
PC2 EXC2 EXC2 EXC2 EXC3 EXC3a EXC4
EXC4 should be applied to special structures or structures with extreme
consequences of a structural failure as required by national provisions
Example
• 10 storey office
• Subject predominantly to static loading
• S275 steel
• Some welded components
Consequence Class – CC2
Service Category – SC1
Production Category – PC1
Determination of Execution Classes - Example
Execution Classes - Example
Consequence
Class
CC1 CC2 CC3
Service categories SC1 SC2 SC1 SC2 SC1 SC2
Production
categories
PC1 EXC1 EXC2 EXC2 EXC3 EXC3a EXC3a
PC2 EXC2 EXC2 EXC2 EXC3 EXC3a EXC4
EXC4 should be applied to special structures or structures with extreme
consequences of a structural failure as required by national provisions
UK Building Regulations and Supporting
Standards
Dr David Moore
Director of Engineering
BCSA
Russian Delegation, BCSA 26th Sept 2011