The String Quartet A LIFE Institute Course Session Two Bob Fabian http://LIFEcourses.ca/Quartet
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The String Quartet
A LIFE Institute CourseSession Two
Bob Fabianhttp://LIFEcourses.ca/Quartet
Carry-Over from Session One
● Correct URL for Schuller Quartet– https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zUfQO35IKDA
● [the final “A” was missing from last week's URL]
– http://music-toronto.com/– Feb 18 – St. Lawrence Quartet– Mar 17 – Quatuor Ebêne– Apr 14 – Artermis Quartet
– “Fabian241” (no quotes) to get a 50% promo discount
Five Small Concerts
● Monday, February 22, 2016, 7:30 pm– Nielsen Wind Quintet
– Jean Françaix Sixtour
– Leoš Janácek Mladi ('Youth') Suite for Wind Sextet
● Monday, April 11, 2016, 7:30pm– Kye Marshal Endangered Species
– Arnold Schoenberg String quartet in D major
– Felix Mendelssohn String quartet in A minor Op. 13
● Monday, May 16, 2016, 7:30pm– Robert Schumann Fantasiestücke for
cello and piano, op. 73
– Ernst von Dohnányi Serenade in C major for string trio, op. 10
– Sergei Prokofiev Sonata for two violins in C major, op. 56
– Robert Schumann Piano quartet in E flat major, op. 47
● Location: Trinity St. Paul Centre● Senior Cost: $17/ticket● http://associates-tso.org/5small.html
Carry-Over – Visual Fugue
● Visual representation of four “voice” fugue– https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ddbxFi3-UO4
Revolutionary 18th Century
● Run up to the 18th century– 1678 – Antonio Vivaldi born– 1685 – Johann Sebastian Bach born– 1687 – Newton's Principia published
● Revolutions – Industrial revolution
– American revolution
– French revolution
● Divine right of kings established, ... and overthrown● Age of Enlightenment (Modernity) launched
● It isn't real if it can't be measured!
This week's key composers
“Storace hosted a quartet evening for his friends. The players were tolerable, but not one of them excelled on the instrument he played. There was, however, a little science among them, which I dare say will be acknowledged when I name them: On first violin - Haydn, on second violin - Dittersdorf, on cello - Vanhal and on viola - Mozart.”
– Irish tenor Michael Kelly, writing in 1784
1780's
● 1781: The city of Los Angeles is founded by Spanish settlers.● 1781 -: Serfdom is abolished in the Austrian monarchy ● 1783: Russian Empire annexes the Crimean Khanate.● 1783: The Treaty of Paris formally ends the American Revolutionary War.● 1785 - : Northwest Indian War between the United States and Native Americans.● 1787: The United States Constitution is written in Philadelphia.● 1787 - : Russo-Turkish War.● 1788: First European settlement established in Australia at Sydney.● 1788: New Hampshire becomes the 9th state to ratify the United States Constitution.● 1789: George Washington is elected the first President of the United States.● 1789 - : French Revolution.● [1791: Upper Canada recognized]
Wikipedia – 2016.02.04
Joseph Haydn 1732-1809
● Born to humble Austrian parents● At 6, left to live with a cousin
– Opportunity to learn and to sing
● At 8, went to St Stephens in Vienna– Stayed until his voice changed
● At 17, lived in a garret● At 26, appointed as court composer● Soon moved to Prince Esterhazy
– Remain in court for his life– Triumphant London visits in 1790s
Continued from last week ...
● Christopher Hogwood introducing the augmented string quartet as a way to play symphonies at home
– https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Po9UsqChXTc
BBC – Haydn in London
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j7C1xYgj1zQ
Part I of programme narrated by Charles Hazlewood
An interesting dead end (optional)
● Haydn composed 126 Baryton trios– Esterhazy played the Baryton, Haydn composed for it
– No one plays the Baryton anymore, but it is interesting
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bjb0N73AKO0
Haydn – Op 76, No 3, Emperor
● SLSQ – The quartet explained (43 minutes)– https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aHJolteDIzc
● SLSQ – The quartet performed (27 minutes)– https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=guNwUxM4fKs
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
● Short, very productive life 1756 – 1791● His musician father recognized his talent – first had
him perform in 1762 (age 6)● 1773, Salzburg court composer (age 17)● 1777, tried his luck in Paris● 1781, went to Vienna for accession of Joseph II● 1782, van Sweiten introduced him to JS Bach● 1784, became Haydn's friend● 1788, Austro-Turkish war reduced demand for music
in Vienna, difficult financial times● 1791, died in November, cause unclear (age 35)
BBC – The Genius of Mozart
● Multi-part BBC series on the genius and the greatness of Mozart
● https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=89Jq3sv-Ltk● “W. A. Mozart was Europe's greatest composer!”
Mozart's first “Haydn” quartet
● String Quartet KV 387 - Quartetto di Roma● https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y7bpeTxQ16U● First of 8 quartets which Mozart dedicated to Haydn
Johann Baptist Vanhal 1739-1813
● Born as a Czech serf● Learned music (& German)● 1760 Countess Schaffgotsch took him
to Vienna● 1780 on … modest success composing
music for the growing middle class● Composed more than 70 string
quartets● Distinguished performer on cello and
double base
Vanhal: String Quartet Op.6 No.1
● Takeuchi String Quartet – Tokyo, 2014● https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4P_b9qqdFCE
● Somewhat down market, intended for middle class, but successful in its own right
Just a few Ignored Composers
● Dittersdorf 1739-1799 13 String Quartets● Boccherini 1743-1805 21 String Quartets● Hoffmeister 1754-1812 52 String Quartets● Kraus 1756-1792 16 String Quartets● Wranitsky 1756-1808 73 String Quartets● Krommer 1759-1839 100 String Quartets● Vranicky 1761-1820 30 String Quartets● Gyrowetz 1763-1850 42 String Quartets
Next Week
● Beethoven's 16 String Quartets● Deep, moving, profound compositions
● Schubert's 15 String Quartets● Short, unsuccessful musical life, but brilliant
● Other contemporary string quartet composers● Anton Reicha – 37 string quartets● Hyacinthe Jadin – 12 string quartets● Niccolo Paganini – 15 string quartets● George Onslow – 36 string quartets● Louis Spohr – 36 string quartets● plus, plus, plus, ...
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