The Stress Hormone Mystery Hormone #5: Cortisol. What is cortisol? A steroid hormone part of the endocrine system A glucocorticoid one of the three main.
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
Slide 1
The Stress Hormone Mystery Hormone #5: Cortisol
Slide 2
What is cortisol? A steroid hormone part of the endocrine
system A glucocorticoid one of the three main groups of steroid
hormones
Slide 3
What does cortisol do? Homeostasis Helps the body to manage
stress oFight or Flight Response Contributes to the maintenance of
constant blood pressure Metabolism Converts protein into glucose to
boost blood sugar levels Works with insulin to maintain the balance
of blood sugar levels Health Reduces inflammation Contributes to
the workings of the immune system.
Slide 4
Slide 5
Pathway & Synthesis
Slide 6
Too Much or Too Little? Hypersecretion of cortisol Cushings
Disease Hyposecretion of cortisol Addisons Disease Hypopituitarism
Acute Adrenal Crisis
Slide 7
Cushings Disease What is it? Too much ACTH is produced due to a
tumor in/on the pituitary gland or hyperplasia leading to an
increase in the production of cortisol
Slide 8
Symptoms Appearance Weight gain around the abdomen with skinny
arms and legs, fat build up between shoulder blades Round, red
face, acne/Skin infection Purple marks on body and easy bruising
Women tend to have excess hair growth on their body (i.e. neck,
face and chest) Body Bone pain, thinning of bones Weak muscles,
back ache Mental Depression, anxiety, fatigue
Slide 9
Treatment Surgery to remove tumor on the pituitary gland or
radiation Hormone replacement therapy Cortisol hormone replacement
either through injection or oral medication
Slide 10
Addisons Disease What is it? Damage to the adrenal cortex leads
to a decrease in the production of cortisol Damage to the gland can
be caused by infections, tumors, autoimmune diseases or
haemorrhaging Symptoms Patches of darkening skin, paleness Weakness
and fatigue Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting Mouth lesions referred to as
buccal mucosa
Slide 11
Treatment Pharmaceutical corticosteroids A combination of
glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids
Slide 12
Acute Adrenal Crisis What is it? Similar to Addisons Disease,
Acute Adrenal Crisis is caused by a combination of three factors:
The adrenal glands are damaged ACTH cannot be released due to a
damaged pituitary The lack of steroid hormones is not treated
Slide 13
Symptoms Abdominal pain, headache, weakness/dizziness, fatigue,
joint pain Nausea, vomiting, fever Loss of appetite, weight loss
Low blood pressure, dehydration, excessive sweating Rapid heart
rate and respiratory rate Chills, slow movement, loss of
consciousness Darkening of skin, skin lesions or rash
Slide 14
Treatment Very dangerous and life threatening Immediate
injection of intravenous fluids and hydrocortisone
Slide 15
Hypopituitarism What is it? In general, hypopituitarism is
caused by a lack of one or more pituitary hormones In this case,
hypopituitarism would be caused by a lack of ACTH leading to a
decrease in the cortisol production Symptoms Abdominal pain,
headache, weakness, fatigue Decreased appetite, weight loss, low
blood pressure
Slide 16
Infertility, lack of sex drive in women, lack of sexual
interest in men, failure to lactate, slowed growth and sexual
development in children, stopping of menstrual periods Vision
problems, sensitivity to cold, short height Loss of body/facial
hair in men and women Treatment Hormone replacement therapy
Corticosteroids, growth and thyroid hormones, sex hormones
Slide 17
RESULTS Of hormone experiments on normal and castrated
mice
Slide 18
Figure 1 The control mouse mass was 300 g, the normal
experiment mouse yielded a body mass of 150 g, a decrease in mass
by 50%. The mass of the testes in each mouse did not deviate from 3
200 mg. The only body parts that resulted in at least a 20%
difference in mass were the: Pituitary (24% decrease), thymus
(68.4% decrease) and the adrenals (25% decrease). The thyroid,
seminal vesicles and the prostate decreased in mass slightly, but
not significantly.
Slide 19
Figure 2 The castrate control mouse had a mass of 270 g, the
castrate mouse had a mass of 135 g, a decrease in mass by 50%. The
only body parts that resulted in a difference in mass by at least
20% were the: Pituitary (24.8% decrease), thymus (70.2% decrease),
and the adrenals (27.5% decrease). The thyroid, seminal vesicles
and the prostate decreased in mass slightly, but not
significantly.
Slide 20
Future Research Effects of cortisol on the handling of
emotional information and any possible neural correlations.
Monitoring the effects of continuous stress by the same event.
Diagnosis of diseases causing increased cortisol levels (i.e.,
Cushings Disease) by measuring cortisol and dexamethasone
(synthetic glucocorticoid, acts like cortisol) levels
concurrently.
Slide 21
References Hormones - cortisol | Better Health Channel
[online]. 2013. Available from
http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/bhcarticles.nsf/pages/Hormones_cortisone
[accessed March 3 2013]. Fast, M.D., Hosoya, S., Johnson, S.C., and
Afonso, L.O.B. 2008. Cortisol response and immune-related effects
of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar Linnaeus) subjected to short- and
long-term stress. Fish Shellfish Immunol. 24(2): 194-204. Li, L.,
Xia, D., Wei, S., Hartung, J., and Zhao, R. 2008. Characterization
of adrenal ACTH signaling pathway and steroidogenic enzymes in
Erhualian and Pietrain pigs with different plasma cortisol levels.
Steroids. 73(8): 806-814. Moyes, C. D., Schulte, P. M. 2008.
Principles of Animal Phhysiology 2 nd Ed.Pearson Education Inc.
(Benjamin Cummings), San Francisco, C.A. Putman, P. and Roelofs, K.
2011. Effects of single cortisol administrations on human affect
reviewed: Coping with stress through adaptive regulation of
automatic cognitive processing. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 36(4):
439-448. Ray, J.A., Kushnir, M.M., Rockwood, A.L., and Meikle, A.W.
2011. Analysis of cortisol, cortisone and dexamethasone in human
serum using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and
assessment of cortisol: Cortisone ratios in patients with impaired
kidney function. Clinica Chimica Acta. 412(1314): 1221-1228.
Rennert, N. J., Zieve, D. 2013. Cortisol Level: MedlinePlus Medical
Encyclopedia [online]. Available from
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003693.htm
[accessed March 3 2013].