The Stone Ages Paleolithic - Old Stone Age: 2,500,000 B.C. to 8,000 B.C. Neolithic – New Stone Age: 8,000 to 4,000 B.C.

The Stone Ages•Paleolithic - Old Stone

Age: 2,500,000 B.C. to 8,000 B.C.

•Neolithic – New Stone Age: 8,000 to 4,000 B.C.

Time Periods•Prehistory - before writing•B.C. & A.D. – developed by a monk around A.D. 532

•B.C. – “Before Christ”•A.D. – “Anno Domini”

1. 4,000,000 BC – 1,000,000 BC1. 4,000,000 BC – 1,000,000 BC1. 4,000,000 BC – 1,000,000 BC1. 4,000,000 BC – 1,000,000 BC

2. 1,500,000 BC -- 250,000 BC2. 1,500,000 BC -- 250,000 BC2. 1,500,000 BC -- 250,000 BC2. 1,500,000 BC -- 250,000 BC

3. 250,000 BC – 30,000 BC3. 250,000 BC – 30,000 BC3. 250,000 BC – 30,000 BC3. 250,000 BC – 30,000 BC

4. 30,000 BC -- 8,000 BC

Paleolithic AgePaleolithic Age::( Old Stone Age )( Old Stone Age )

2,500,000 BC 2,500,000 BC to 8,000 BC to 8,000 BC

Paleolithic AgePaleolithic Age::( Old Stone Age )( Old Stone Age )

2,500,000 BC 2,500,000 BC to 8,000 BC to 8,000 BC

Paleolithic Age• The Ice Ages – 100,000 to 8,000

B.C.• Humans were able to adapt

environment through use of fire• Land bridges made possible the

spread of humanso Japan & KoreaoGreat Britain & EuropeoMalay Peninsula to AustraliaoBering Strait

Beringia

Paleolithic Age• Made tools• Used lava rocks to cut meat & crack bones• Used spears to hunt & fish with• Hunting men and gathering women• NOMADIC – moving from place to place

Are we all Africans “under the Are we all Africans “under the skin”????skin”????

Are we all Africans “under the Are we all Africans “under the skin”????skin”????

Paleolithic Age• Humans found shelter in caves

• Cave paintings left behind

Human MigrationHuman Migration

Neolithic Age• The Neolithic Revolution – dawn

of systematic agriculture• Neolithic – New Stone Age• Domesticated Animals – dogs,

goats, oxen, cattle, pigs, chickens• Crops – grains, bananas, yams,

rice, wheat, barley• Rise of villages – Jericho & Catal

Huyuk (8,000 B.C.)

Neolithic Age

•Technological advancesoAgricultural – sickle, pottery, plow, fertilizer

oLoom – for weaving flax & cottonoArtisans made jewelry & weapons

The Agricultural Revolution

• Farming developed independently in different parts of the world

• Most likely due to climate changes• Slash & Burn – cut trees and burn

to clear a field

Middle East India Central America China Southeast AsiaMiddle East India Central America China Southeast Asia

8,000 BC 7,000 BC 6,500 BC 6,000 BC 5,000 BC8,000 BC 7,000 BC 6,500 BC 6,000 BC 5,000 BC

Middle East India Central America China Southeast AsiaMiddle East India Central America China Southeast Asia

8,000 BC 7,000 BC 6,500 BC 6,000 BC 5,000 BC8,000 BC 7,000 BC 6,500 BC 6,000 BC 5,000 BC

4,000,000 BC – 1,000,000 BC4,000,000 BC – 1,000,000 BC4,000,000 BC – 1,000,000 BC4,000,000 BC – 1,000,000 BC

Hominids : Hominids : AustralopithecinesAustralopithecines

any member of the family any member of the family of two-legged primates that of two-legged primates that includes all humans.includes all humans.

Southern & Eastern AfricaSouthern & Eastern Africa

1974: Lucy found in 1974: Lucy found in Ethiopia – oldest hominid Ethiopia – oldest hominid found to datefound to date

Known as Hominids: first Known as Hominids: first to to

walk upright (more walk upright (more mobility)mobility)

Hominids : Hominids : AustralopithecinesAustralopithecines

any member of the family any member of the family of two-legged primates that of two-legged primates that includes all humans.includes all humans.

Southern & Eastern AfricaSouthern & Eastern Africa

1974: Lucy found in 1974: Lucy found in Ethiopia – oldest hominid Ethiopia – oldest hominid found to datefound to date

Known as Hominids: first Known as Hominids: first to to

walk upright (more walk upright (more mobility)mobility)

HOMO HABILIS HOMO HABILIS (“Man of Skills”)(“Man of Skills”) 2.5 million to 1.5 million B.C.2.5 million to 1.5 million B.C. HOMO HABILIS HOMO HABILIS (“Man of Skills”)(“Man of Skills”) 2.5 million to 1.5 million B.C.2.5 million to 1.5 million B.C.

found in East found in East

Africa – OlduvaiAfrica – Olduvai

GorgeGorge

found in East found in East

Africa – OlduvaiAfrica – Olduvai

GorgeGorge

created stone created stone tools.tools. created stone created stone tools.tools.

Homo Habilis

1,600,000 BC – 30,000 BC1,600,000 BC – 30,000 BC1,600,000 BC – 30,000 BC1,600,000 BC – 30,000 BC

HOMO ERECTUS HOMO ERECTUS ( “Upright Human Being” )( “Upright Human Being” )

HOMO ERECTUS HOMO ERECTUS ( “Upright Human Being” )( “Upright Human Being” )

Larger and more varied Larger and more varied tools --> primitive technology tools --> primitive technology Larger and more varied Larger and more varied tools --> primitive technology tools --> primitive technology

First hominid to migrate First hominid to migrate andand leave Africa for Europe and leave Africa for Europe and Asia. Asia.

First hominid to migrate First hominid to migrate andand leave Africa for Europe and leave Africa for Europe and Asia. Asia.

First to use fire ( 500,000 First to use fire ( 500,000 BC )BC ) First to use fire ( 500,000 First to use fire ( 500,000 BC )BC )

200,000 BC – 8,000 BC200,000 BC – 8,000 BC200,000 BC – 8,000 BC200,000 BC – 8,000 BC

HOMO SAPIENSHOMO SAPIENS ( “Wise Human Being” )( “Wise Human Being” )

HOMO SAPIENSHOMO SAPIENS ( “Wise Human Being” )( “Wise Human Being” )

NeanderthalsNeanderthals( 200,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE )( 200,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE )

NeanderthalsNeanderthals( 200,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE )( 200,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE )

Cro-MagnonsCro-Magnons( 40,000 BCE – 10,000 ( 40,000 BCE – 10,000

BCE )BCE )

Cro-MagnonsCro-Magnons( 40,000 BCE – 10,000 ( 40,000 BCE – 10,000

BCE )BCE )

Homo Sapiens

NEANDERTHALS:NEANDERTHALS:NEANDERTHALS:NEANDERTHALS:

Neander Valley, Neander Valley, Germany (1856) Germany (1856)

Europe & SWest Europe & SWest AsiaAsia

200,000-30,000 200,000-30,000 B.C.B.C.

Neander Valley, Neander Valley, Germany (1856) Germany (1856)

Europe & SWest Europe & SWest AsiaAsia

200,000-30,000 200,000-30,000 B.C.B.C. First humans to buryFirst humans to bury their dead (Religion) their dead (Religion)

First humans to buryFirst humans to bury their dead (Religion) their dead (Religion)

Made clothes fromMade clothes from animal skins. animal skins.

Made clothes fromMade clothes from animal skins. animal skins.

Lived in caves andLived in caves and tents. tents.

Lived in caves andLived in caves and tents. tents.

NEANDERTHALSNEANDERTHALSNEANDERTHALSNEANDERTHALS

Early Hut/TentEarly Hut/TentEarly Hut/TentEarly Hut/Tent

CRO-MAGNONs: 40,000 to 8,000 CRO-MAGNONs: 40,000 to 8,000 B.C.B.C.CRO-MAGNONs: 40,000 to 8,000 CRO-MAGNONs: 40,000 to 8,000 B.C.B.C. Homo sapiens sapiensHomo sapiens sapiens

( “Wise, wise human” )( “Wise, wise human” )

Found in EuropeFound in Europe

Homo sapiens sapiensHomo sapiens sapiens ( “Wise, wise human” )( “Wise, wise human” )

Found in EuropeFound in Europe

By 30,000 B.C. theyBy 30,000 B.C. they replaced replaced Neanderthals.Neanderthals.

Cro-MagnonsCro-Magnonsidentical to modern identical to modern humanshumans

Spoken languageSpoken language

Planned their hunts: Planned their hunts: studiesstudies

animal habits & stalked animal habits & stalked preyprey

Populations grew faster Populations grew faster than than

NeanderthalsNeanderthals

Created ArtCreated Art

Cro-MagnonsCro-Magnonsidentical to modern identical to modern humanshumans

Spoken languageSpoken language

Planned their hunts: Planned their hunts: studiesstudies

animal habits & stalked animal habits & stalked preyprey

Populations grew faster Populations grew faster than than

NeanderthalsNeanderthals

Created ArtCreated Art

Cro-Magnon

Video: The Neolithic Ice Man

Section 1-2: Humans tryto Control Nature

Africa: Africa: The Nile River ValleyThe Nile River Valley wheat, wheat, barleybarley

Africa: Africa: The Nile River ValleyThe Nile River Valley wheat, wheat, barleybarley ChinaChina: Huang He (Yellow River) Valley : Huang He (Yellow River) Valley grain (millet), and ricegrain (millet), and rice

ChinaChina: Huang He (Yellow River) Valley : Huang He (Yellow River) Valley grain (millet), and ricegrain (millet), and rice

Mexico & Central America Mexico & Central America corncorn, , beansbeans, , squashsquash

Mexico & Central America Mexico & Central America corncorn, , beansbeans, , squashsquash PeruPeru tomatoes, sweet potatoes, white tomatoes, sweet potatoes, white potatoespotatoes

PeruPeru tomatoes, sweet potatoes, white tomatoes, sweet potatoes, white potatoespotatoes

8,000 B.C. 8,000 B.C. Largest Early Settlement at Largest Early Settlement at ÇÇatal atal HHüüyükyük ( Modern Turkey ) ( Modern Turkey ) 6,000 inhabitants 6,000 inhabitants

8,000 B.C. 8,000 B.C. Largest Early Settlement at Largest Early Settlement at ÇÇatal atal HHüüyükyük ( Modern Turkey ) ( Modern Turkey ) 6,000 inhabitants 6,000 inhabitants

Division of laborDivision of labor Division of laborDivision of labor

Engaged in Engaged in tradetrade Engaged in Engaged in tradetrade

Organized religion Organized religion

Small Small militarymilitary Small Small militarymilitary

1212 cultivated cultivated cropscrops 1212 cultivated cultivated cropscrops

An obsidian daggerAn obsidian dagger

Çatal Çatal HüyükHüyükÇatal Çatal HüyükHüyük

AdvancedAdvanced

CitiesCities

SpecializedSpecialized

WorkersWorkers

ComplexComplex

InstitutionsInstitutions

Record-Record-

KeepingKeeping

AdvancedAdvanced

TechnologyTechnology

1. ADVANCED CITIES CENTER OF TRADE – VARIETY OF GOODS CENTER OF TRADE – VARIETY OF GOODS2. SPECIALIZED WORKERS SKILLS IN A SPECIFIC KIND OF WORK SKILLS IN A SPECIFIC KIND OF WORK3. COMPLEX INSTITUIONS GOVERNMENT, RELIGION, ECONOMY GOVERNMENT, RELIGION, ECONOMY4. RECORD KEEPING TAX, LAWS, STORAGE OF GRAIN, TAX, LAWS, STORAGE OF GRAIN, CALENDAR OF RITUALS CALENDAR OF RITUALS5. ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PLOWS, IRRIGATION, BRONZE AGE FOR PLOWS, IRRIGATION, BRONZE AGE FOR WEAPONS WEAPONS

CivilizationsCivilizations

Banks of the Banks of the EuphratesEuphrates River (Sumer) River (Sumer)

Population Population 30,00030,000

30003000 B.C. B.C.

Well defined Well defined social classessocial classes

Barter systemBarter system

Ziggurat (Temple) is center of city lifeZiggurat (Temple) is center of city life

Banks of the Banks of the EuphratesEuphrates River (Sumer) River (Sumer)

Population Population 30,00030,000

30003000 B.C. B.C.

Well defined Well defined social classessocial classes

Barter systemBarter system

Ziggurat (Temple) is center of city lifeZiggurat (Temple) is center of city life

Ziggurat at UrZiggurat at Ur

Temple

“Mountain of the Gods”

Temple

“Mountain of the Gods”

The Course of Empire: The Savage State

The Course of Empire: Pastoral State

The Course of Empire: The Consummation

The Course of Empire: Destruction

The Course of Empire: Desolation

Resources

• Susan Pojer: Horace Greely HS – NY

• Pat Helm: Hickory Ridge HS – NC• Darrell Wells: Hickory Ridge HS -

NC