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TMG RTCTG HJ

BM@ICR B@T@GR

3

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TMG RTCTG HJ BM@ICR B@T@GR 3

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Gxgbut`vgRueecry

Jhrgwhrd

Wrlci`zct`hi `s tmg `igv`tclkg trgid hj shb`ck cid gbhihe`b dgvgkhpegit, tmg

ehegitue th prhehtg jurtmgr dgvgkhpegit cid cksh ci `ephrtcit syelhk hj tmg

ehdgri`zct`hi hj tmg bhuitry.

R`ibg tmg rgjhre cid hpgi`ia-up stcrt`ia jrhe 301=, Bm`ics urlci rgs`dgits

`ibrgcsgd ly ehrg tmci 7>> e`kk`hi. Rubm c kcrag sbckg rurck-urlci phpukct`hi

ehvgegit wcs uiprgbgdgitgd, wm`bm iht hiky bmciagd tmg dgst`iy hj e`kk`his

hj Bm`igsg pgcscits, lut cksh lgbceg ci `ephrtcit dr`v`ia jhrbg hj tmg rcp`d

gbhihe`b dgvgkhpegit.

@i 33, tmg urlci`zct`hi rctg `i Bm`ic gxbggdgd 7>% jhr tmg ffirst t`eg, wm`bm

`id`bctgd tmg m`sthr`bck trcisjhrect`hi hj tmg shb`ck strubturg. Jrhe ihw hi, Bm`ic

w`kk lg jcbgd w`tm l`a bmckkgiag `i tgres hj hvgrckk pkcii`ia jhr tmg urlci cid rurckdgvgkhpegit, trcisjhrect`hi hj duck gbhihe`b strubturg, rgck`zct`hi hj phpukct`hi

e`arct`hi jrhe rurck th urlci crgcs, rgcshiclkg ut`k`zct`hi hj icturck rgshurbgs,

gimcibgegit hj giv`rhiegitck prhtgbt`hi, hpt`e`zct`hi hj urlci spct`ck kcyhut,

`eprhvgegit hj urlci `idustr`ck strubturg, brhss`ia tmg e`ddkg-`ibheg trcp cid

prheht`ia shb`ck gquck`ty cid fust`bg, gtb.

Burrgitky, Bm`ic `s ct tmg igw stcag hj rcp`d dgvgkhpegit. Akhlckky, tm`s o`id

hj kcrag-sbckg cid m`am-spggd urlci`zct`hi `s ih pcrckkgk `i m`sthry cid, tmgrg

`s ih gxpgr`gibg wg bci d`rgbtky cppky `i Bm`ic cs mhw th usg tmg phs`t`vg rhkg

hj urlci`zct`hi th `ts argctgst cdvcitcags, grcd`bctg hr dgbrgcsg `ts igact`vg

`epcbts cid gstclk`sm tmg urlci`zct`hi pcttgri `i bhijhre`ty w`tm tmg cbtuck

s`tuct`his hj Bm`ic. Bm`ic iggds th dgffiig mgr hwi rhcd ecp.

Tmg Twgkjtm J`vg-Pgcr ^kci hj Bm`ic prhphsgs tmct igw wcys smckk lg

gxpkhrgd jhr tmg bhhrd`ictgd dgvgkhpegit hj `idustr`ck`zct`hi, urlci`zct`hi cid

car`bukturck ehdgri`zct`hi w`tm pr`hr`t`gs jhbusgd hi iurtur`ia car`bukturg w`tm

`idustry, supphrt`ia rurck crgcs w`tm urlci crgcs, lr`ia`ia `ith jukk pkcy tmg

rcd`ct`ia cid kgcd`ia rhkg hj `idustr`ck`zct`hi cid urlci`zct`hi jhr tmg `ibrgcsg hj

`ibheg jhr jcregrs, cid strgiatmgi`ia tmg rurck `ijrcstrubturg cid pulk`b sgrv`bg

systges. Bm`ic w`kk rgky hi rcp`d cid sustc`iclkg gbhihe`b arhwtm th brgctg tmg

hpphrtui`t`gs jhr dgvgkhpegit cid gepkhyegit th tmg utehst, gisurg tmg lcs`b

wgkjcrg cid sgbur`ty jhr tmg pulk`b cid tmg gquck hpphrtui`t`gs cid `epcrt`ck

pcrt`b`pct`hi `i tmg wmhkg dgvgkhpegit prhbgss ly tmg pulk`b hj d`jjgrgit shb`ck

stctus cid d`jjgrgit shb`ck arhups, cid prhv`dg prhspgbt`vg v`s`hi cid au`dcibg th

tmg gbhihe`b cid shb`ck trcisjhrect`hi ct cpprhpr`ctg t`eg.

Q`tm tmg cbt`vg supphrt hj tmg WI-Mcl`tct, wg bhep`kg tmg Giak`sm vgrs`hi hj

Tmg Rtctg hj Bm`ics B`t`gs 3

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Jhrgwhrd

Tmg j`rst Giak`sm rgphrt hj Tmg Rtctg hj Bm`ics B`t`gs 3

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Thdcy mueci`ty mcs brhssgd c ecfhr m`sthr`b e`kgsthig cid gitgrgd c pctm

`i wm`bm b`t`gs mcvg lgbheg tmg dhe`icit mcl`tct. Tmg s`ai`j`bcibg hj tmg

dgeharcpm`b cid agharcpm`b trcisjhrect`hi `s qu`tg prhjhuid jhr tmg juturg hj

mueci`ty cid tmg bhiffiaurct`hi cid sustgicibg hj tmg whrkd cs c wmhkg.

B`t`gs crg mueci crt`jcbts, smcpgd, stggrgd cid bhephsgd ly giacagegits,

trciscbt`his cid `itgrcbt`his cehia pghpkg. Tmgy gelhdy mueci brgct`v`ty,

v`s`hi, iggds cid dgs`rgs, cs wgkk cs tgis`his cid bheprhe`sgs.

Ehdgri b`t`gs crg, uicrauclky, hur gia`igs hj gbhihe`b arhwtm cid wgcktm

brgct`hi, cs wgkk cs gidur`ia mueci `ist`tut`his jhr sgkj-cbtuck`zct`hi tmrhuam

gepkhyegit agigrct`hi. Tmgy crg bhij`aurgd th agigrctg prhspgr`ty, prhv`dg

hpphrtui`ty, cid `ibrgcsg cbbgss jhr ckk th tmg lgigj`ts cbbru`ia jrhe urlcitrcisjhrect`hi. Mhwgvgr, wmgi iht prhpgrky ecicagd, tmg eciigr `i wm`bm tm`s

prhbgss hbburs ecy wgkk uidgre`ig tmg dyice`se, gqu`ty cid sustc`icl`k`ty

hj tmg sceg prhspgr`ty. Jhr `istcibg, prhspgr`ty cid phvgrty crg ihw ckehst

bhtgre`ihus. Iht hiky dhgs phvgrty `epgdg tmg rgck`zct`hi hj tmg jukk phtgit`ck

hj b`t`gs, lut `t cksh wgcogis mueci cagiby, brgct`ia tgis`his cid agigrct`ia

dysjuibt`his tmct bci ukt`ectgky uidgre`ig tmg vgry lcs`s hj prhspgr`ty. Qm`kg

tm`s `itgrpkcy hj prhspgr`ty cid phvgrty dgffiigd `i lrhcd tgres bhit`iugs, mueci

lg`ias mcvg th r`sg cid ffiid `iihvct`vg shkut`his th ckk d`vgrsg bmckkgiags th tmg`r

urlci juturg.

Cs tmg jhuidct`his hj tmg urlci juturg crg lg`ia lu` kt cid bhishk `dctgd,

uragit stgps crg rgqu`rgd th rgbt`jy pcst `epgrjgbt`his ly rgbhai`z`ia jukky tmct

dgvgkhpegit `s ci gvhkut`hicry prhbgss w`tm css`aiegits tmct bciiht lg git`rgky

rgshkvgd `i hig dgbcdg cid ly hig cagiby cbt`ia ckhig. Tmg urlci juturg wg

giv`scag `s hig wmgrg gbhihe`b arhwtm cid prhspgr`ty prhbggd w`tm gqu`ty?

mueci gxpkh`tct`hi hj tmg icturck giv`rhiegit `s bcrr`gd hi sustc`iclky? cid

`igquck`ty cid uidgr-gepkhyegit crg cttgiuctgd ly strhia mueci-bgitgrgd

phk`b`gs. Th cbm`gvg ckk tmgsg, tmgrg s c iggd jhr bhkkgbt`vg rgsphisg w`tm bhibrgtg

cbt`his.

Tmg Rtctg hj Bm`ics B`t`gs 3

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Bhitgits

Gxgbut`vg Rueecry

Bmcptgr 3 Wrlci`zct`hi ^rhbgss @i Bm`ic

3.3 Hvgrv`gw hj Wrlci`zct`hi Dgvgkhpegit / 3

3.< Wrlci`zct`hi rhargss / 3

3.

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Bmcptgr < Wrlci Mhus`ia Bhistrubt`hi `i Bm`ic

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Z@

Bmcptgr 4 Wrlci ^ulk`b Rgbur`ty cid D`scstgr ^rgvgit`hi

cid \gdubt`hi `i Bm`ic

4.3 Rtctg hj D`scstgrs `i B`t`gs / 22

4.3.3 Icturck D`scstgrs cid tmg \`so hj Wrlci ^ulk`b Rgbur`ty / 22

4.3.< Ruddgi Cbb`dgits cid tmg Wibgrtc`ity hj Wrlci ^ulk`b

Rgbur`ty / 24

4.3.2 Eukt`pkg D`scstgr-bcus`ia Jcbthrs cid tmg Bmckkgiag hj Wrlci

^ulk`b Rgbur`ty / 24

4.< Wrlci Bheprgmgis`vg D`scstgr \gdubt`hi Rystge / 24

4.

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Z@@

Gxgbut`vgRueecry

7.

7.2.3 Rhb`ck Css`stcibg / 7>

7.2.< Rhb`ck Qgkjcrg Rgrv`bg /73

7.2.2 Rhb`ck Hraci`zct his cid Tmg`r Dgvgkhpegit / 72

7.2.4 Rhb`ck Rgrv bg @ist`tut`his / 72

7.2.7 Rhb`ck Rgrv bg Gxpgid`turg / 72

Bmcptgr : Wrlci ^kcii`ia cid Cde`i`strct`hi hj Bm`ic

:.3 Hvgrv`gw hj Wrlci ^kcii`ia cid Ecicagegit / 77

:.3.3 @eprhvgd Kgack Rystge jhr Wrlci cid \urck ^kcii`ia / 77

:.3.< ^ghpkg-hr`gitgd Bhibgpt `i Wrlci cid \urck ^kcii`ia / 7=

:.3.2 ^hpukcr`zgd ulk`b ^crt`b`pct`hi i Wrlci-rurck ^kcii`ia / :>

:.< ^kcii`ia jhr Khw-bcrlhi cid Gbh B`t gs / :7

:.

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Gxgbut`vgRueecry

B`t`gs crg tmg brystckk`zct`hi hj mueci b`v`k`zct`hi,

cid urlci`zct`hi `s ci `ephrtcit pcrt hj ehdgri`zct`hi.

R`ibg tmg kcuibm`ia hj rgjhre cid hpgi`ia-up prharce

hvgr 2> ygcrs cah, Bm`ic mcs qu`bogigd tmg pcbg hj

`idustr`ck`zct`hi cid urlci`zct`hi, w`tm bhisgqugit`ck

rcp`d urlci phpukct`hi `ibrgcsgs. Tmg gegragibg hj

b`ty bkustgrs cid bgitrck b`t`gs w`tm strhia `iugibg cid

dyice`se jhr dgvgkhpegit mcs lhhstgd tmg stclkg

cid rcp`d gbhihe`b dgvgkhpegit, shb`ck prhargss cid

prhspgr`ty, cid rgecroclkg `eprhvgegit hj pghpkgs k`vgs.

@. M`sthr`b Wrlci`zct`hi E`kgsthig

Ly tmg gid hj 33, Bm`ic mcd :71 b`t`gs w`tm c

eui`b`pck pghpkgs ahvgriegit. Tmg thtck crgc hj tmg

cde`i`strct`vg rga`his hj tmg b`t`gs ct vcr`hus kgvgks

rgcbmgd 7,>> squcrg o`khegtgrs, cbbhuit`ia jhr

74.2% hj Bm`ics thtck kcid ecss hj 0,:>>,>>> squcrg

o`khegtgrs. Tmg iuelgr hj dgs`aictgd thwis `ibrgcsgd

th 30,:=2.

Tmg thtck phpukct`hi hj Ec`ikcid Bm`ic rgcbmgd

clhut 3.27 l`kk`hi `i 33, `ibrgcs`ia ly :.44 e`kk`hijrhe tmg prgv`hus ygcr, w`tm c icturck arhwtm phpukct`hi

rctg hj 4.10%. Tmg urlci phpukct`hi cehuitgd th

:0>.10 e`kk`hi (73..3, 4:.=, cid 42.3%

rgspgbt`vgky. Bm`ics gbhihe`b caargactg `i tmg whrkd

mcs stgcd`ky r`sgi cid surpcssgd tmct hj Fcpci `i

3> wmgi Bm`ic lgbceg tmg whrkds sgbhid-kcragst

gbhihey cjtgr tmg WRC. Tmg AD^ pgr bcp`tc rgcbmgd

27,>=2 yuci, gqu`vckgit th 7,42< WR dhkkcrs wmgi

bhivgrtgd cbbhrd`ia th tmg cvgrcag `itgrgst rctg.

@i 33, tmg iuelgr hj gepkhygd rgcbmgd 1:4.

e`kk`hi pgrshis `i Bm`ic, `ibkud`ia 270.34 e`kk`hi

gepkhygd `i urlci crgcs. Tmg rga`stgrgd urlci

uigepkhyegit rctg ct tmg gid hj tmg ygcr wcs ct 4.3%.

Tmg cvgrcag d`sphsck `ibheg hj urlci rgs`dgits argw

th \EL yuci. Tmg prhphrt`hi hj tmg cvgrcag

d`sphsck `ibheg lgtwggi tmg urlci cid rurck rgs`dgits

wcs 2.3263.

@@. Gvhkut`hi hj \ga`hick Wrlci-rurck Rpct`ck

Crrciagegit

Jrhe >> th 3>, tmg spct`ck d`str`lut`hi hj

Bm`ics urlci phpukct`hi jurtmgr bgitrck`zgd cid

tmg rga`hick `elckcibg lgbceg ehrg caarcvctgd.

Tmg urlci phpukct`hi bhibgitrct`his cid `idustr`ck

caakhegrct`his mcvg arcduckky stcrtgd th jrhe c spct`ck

pcttgri w`tm twh mhr`zhitck cxgs, tmrgg vgrt`bck cxgs,eukt`pkg urlci phkgs cid hig urlci igtwhro. Tmg twh

kct`tud`ick cxgs rgjgr th tmg twh rga`his ckhia Khiamc`

\c`kwcy (K`ciyuiacia-Kcizmhu) jrhe gcst th wgst

cid tmg e`ddkg cid khwgr rgcbmgs hj tmg Pciatzg

\`vgr. Tmg tmrgg khia`tud`ick cxgs rgjgr th tmg bhcstck

crgc hj Bm`ic, tmg crgcs ckhia Lg`f`ia-Auciazmhu

cid Lg`f`ia-Mcrl`i \c`kwcys cid Lchthu-Ouie`ia

trcisphrtct`hi bhrr`dhrs. Tmg eukt`pkg urlci phkgs rgjgr

th tmg bgitrck b`t`gs ct vcr`hus kgvgks w`tm m`am bcpcb`ty

th clshrl phpukct`hi, m`am urlci`zct`hi kgvgk, m`amky

bhibgitrctgd jcbthrs hj prhdubt`hi, cid rgecroclkg

bheprgmgis`vg bhepgt`t`vg cdvcitcags. Tmgy cksh

rgjgr th tmg gstclk`smgd urlci caakhegrct`his tmctpgrjhre tmg rhkg `i rga`hick bhhrd`ict`hi cid akhlck

bhepgt`t`vgigss, `ibkud`ia Lg`f`ia, T`cif`i, Rmciamc`,

Auciazmhu, Rmgizmgi, Bmgiadu cid Bmhiaq`ia. Tmg

urlci igtwhro rgjgrs th ci `itgrbhiigbtgd systge hj

b`t`gs tmct rgk`gs hi rga`hick trcisphrt bhrr`dhrs cid

`ibkudgs urlci caakhegrct`his cid bgitrck b`t`gs ct

vcr`hus kgvgks cs ihdgs hj bhhrd`ictgd dgvgkhpegit.

Tmg hlfgbt`vg hj Bm`ics urlci`zct`hi strctgay `s

th pursg tmg pr`ib`pkgs jhr hvgrckk pkcii`ia, rct`hick

kcyhut cid `eprhvgegit hj urlci juibt`his, th ut`k`zg

kcrag b`t`gs th dr`vg tmg dgvgkhpegit hj seckkgr b`t`gs,

th jhkkhw tmg hlfgbt`vg kcw hj urlci dgvgkhpegit, th

arcduckky gstclk`sm urlci caakhegrct`his w`tm strhia

rga`hick juibt`his ly jhbus`ia hi tmg dgvgkhpegit hj

seckk cid `itgregd`ctg b`t`gs crhuid tmgsg kcrag b`t`gs,

cid th prhehtg tmg bhhrd`ictgd dgvgkhpegit hj b`t`gs

hj ckk s`zgs. @t jurtmgr sggos th gstclk`sm c strctga`b

urlci`zct`hi strubturg w`tm urlci caakhegrct`his cs

`ts bhrg cid htmgr urlci`zgd crgcs cid b`t`gs cs tmg

`ephrtcit bhephigits hj c lckcibgd urlci m`grcrbmy?

cs wgkk cs th arcduckky lu`kd urlci caakhegrct`his

w`tm lgttgr `itgrict`hick bhepgt`t`vgigss `i tmg

gcstgri rga`hi, cid th bukt`vctg cid dgvgkhp urlci

caakhegrct`his `i bgitrck cid wgstgri rga`his wmgrg

bhid`t`his ckkhw.

Gxgbut`vg Rueecry

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Gxgbut`vgRueecry

@@@. Bmckkgiags >j \urck-urlci E`arct`hi Jkhws

Tmg rcp`d dgvgkhpegit hj urlci gbhihe`gs cid

tmg trcisjhrect`hi hj rurck `idustr`ck strubturgs mcvg

prhehtgd tmg kcrag `ibrgcsg hj dhegst`b e`arct`hihws. @i 33, tmg e`arcit phpukct`hi `i Bm`ic rgcbmgd

e`kk`hi, `ibrgcs`ia ly =., urlci rgs`dgits pgr bcp`tc hhr

spcbg `i Bm`ic `ibrgcsgd th 23.: squcrg egtgrs `i

3> jrhe 3=.1 squcrg egtgrs `i 300=. Th giclkg ehst

urlci mhusgmhkds th k`vg `i sgpcrctg cts tmct bhijhre

th stcidcrds hj b`v`k`zct`hi cid mgcktm `s hig hj tmg

ecfhr tcragts hj tmg Bm`igsg ahvgriegit wm`kg lu`kd`iaup c e`ddkg bkcss shb`gty `i ci ckk-rhuid wcy ly .

Tmg Bm`igsg ahvgriegit `s dgd`bctgd th gstclk`sm`ia

c shb`ck mhus`ia systge w`tm khw-rgit mhus`ia, pulk`b

rgitck mhus`ia, cjjhrdclkg mhus`ia cid j`xgd-pr`bg

mhus`ia, wmgrgly tmg khw-rgit mhus`ia mcs c shb`ck

mhus`ia bmcrcbtgr? cjjhrdclkg mhus`ia `s prhv`dgd jhr

egd`ue- cid khw-`ibheg mhusgmhkds cid pulk`b rgitck

mhus`ia cid j`xgd-pr`bg mhus`ia jhr egd`ue-`ibheg

mhusgmhkds. @i tm`s rgacrd, tmg `ist`tut`hick eprhvgegit

ly ahvgriegits, gspgb`ckky `i tgres hj bcp`tck, kcid cid

cde`i`strct`hi, mcs lgbheg tmg ogy jhr tmg kcrag-sbckg

bhistrubt`hi hj c lrhcd rciag hj shb`ck mhus`ia,

Jrhe >7 th 3>, Bm`ic kcuibmgd vcr`hus

shb`ck mhus`ia prhfgbts lgs`dgs c prharce jhr tmg

rgihvct`hi hj 3:.2 e`kk`hi smcity ui`ts, cid bhepkgtgd

tmg bhistrubt`hi hj 33 e`kk`hi rgs`dgit ck ui`ts. Ly tmg

gid hj 3>, Bm`ic mcd shkvgd tmg mhus`ia prhlkges

jhr igcrky , `ivgstegits `i urlci `ijrcstrubturg

cehuitgd th 3,42>.7 l`kk`hi yuci, `ibrgcs`ia ly 377%

bhepcrgd w`tm tmct `i >7? jcb`k`t`gs jhr urlci wctgrsuppky, wcstg wctgr trgctegit, acrlcag d`sphsck, acs

suppky, mgct suppky, trcisphrtct`hi, cs wgkk cs pcros

cid urlci arggi spcbg wgrg s`ai`j`bcitky uparcdgd

cid mueci sgttkgegit giv`rhiegit wcs bhit`iuhusky

`eprhvgd.

Z@. Wrlci ^ulk`b Rcjgty cid D`scstgr

^rgvgit`hi cid E`t`act`hi

Wrlci pulk`b sgbur`ty usuckky rgjgrs th gvgits

gidciagr`ia urlci k`jg cid prhpgrty, `ibkud`ia icturck

d`scstgrs k`og gcrtmqucogs, hhds, cid kcidsk`dgs cid

cbb`dgit d`scstgrs subm cs giv`rhiegitck phkkut`hi,

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Gxgbut`vgRueecry

`ijgbt`hus d`sgcsg, hr jhhd ph`shi`ia, lut gxbkud`ia

shb`ck sgbur`ty `ib`dgits k`og tgrrhr`st cttcbos, mhstcag-

tco`ia, cid ffiicib`ck br`s`s.

Bm`ic `s hig hj tmg whrkds whrst icturck d`scstgr-

prhig bhuitr`gs, gxphsgd w`tm c argct vcr`gty hj

d`scstgrs w`tm c w`dg agharcpm`bck bhvgrcag, m`am

hbburrgibg jrgqugiby cid muag khssgs. Wrlci sgbur`ty

ecttgrs tmgrgjhrg bhepr`sg w`tm sgvgrg cid bhepk`bctgd

s`tuct`his. Ct tmg stctg kgvgk, tmg Bm`igsg ahvgriegit

mcs bhishk`dctgd tmg d`scstgr prgvgit`hi cid e`t`act`hi

cid `eprhvgd d`scstgr gegragiby ecicagegit

systge, wm`bm s`ai`ffibcitky gimcibgs Bm`ics d`scstgr

prgvgit`hi cid e`t`act`hi bcpcl`k`ty. Bm`ic mcs `i`t`ckky

gstclk`smgd c bheprgmgis`vg bhhrd`ict`hi egbmci`se

jhr d`scstgr prgvgit`hi, rgdubt`hi cid rgk`gj, wm`bm

`s au`dgd ly tmg Rtctg Bhuib`k, bhhrd`ictgd ly tmg

Hjj`bg hj Rtctg Jkhhd Bhitrhk cid Drhuamt \gk`gjMgcdqucrtgrs cid tmg Ict`hick Bhee`ttgg jhr D`scstgr

\gdubt`hi, cid gxgbutgd ly rgkgvcit dgpcrtegits `i

fh`it cbt`his. Ct tmg eui`b`pck kgvgk, tmg dgvgkhpegit

hj urlci bheprgmgis`vg systge jhr d`scstgr rgdubt`hi,

bhit`iagiby ecicagegit cid d`scstgr prgvgit`hi

cid rgdubt`hi pkcii`ia pkcys ci `ephrtcit rhkg `i

scjgaucrd`ia urlci pulk`b sgbur`ty.

Cssur`ia urlci pul k`b sgbur` ty iht hiky rgqu`rgs

bhit`iagiby ecicagegit jhr d`scstgrs, lut cksh

iggds th lu`kd rgcshiclkg `ijrcstrubturgs jhr d`scstgr

rgdubt`hi, gstclk`sm shuid urlci d`scstgr rgdubt`hi

systges, cid ecog prhargss `i tmg jhur cspgbts hj

kga`skct`hi, ecicagegit, tgbmi`bck stcidcrd cidtgbmihkha`bck supphrt.

Z@@. Lcs`b ^ulk`b Rgrv`bgs `i B`t`gs

Tmg Twgkjtm J`vg-Pgcr ^kci jhr tmg Ict`hick Lcs`b

^ulk`b Rgrv`bg Rystge ph`its hut tmct gxtgid`ia lcs`b

pulk`b sgrv`bgs th ckk Bm`igsg pghpkg `s ct tmg `iihvct`hi

bhrg hj pulk`b sgrv`bgs dgvgkhpegit, jrhe bhibgpt th tmg

`ist`tut`hi. @t `s ci hlk`act`hi hj tmg ahvgriegit th cssurg

tmct gvgry b`t`zgi gifhys lcs`b pulk`b sgrv`bgs. Tmg sbhpg

hj lcs`b pulk`b sgrv`bgs agigrckky `ibkudgs tmhsg sgrv`bgs

tmct eggt tmg lcs`b iggds hj pghpkgs k`vgk`mhhd, k`og

gdubct`hi, gepkhyegit, shb`ck sgbur`ty, mgcktm bcrg cid

jce`ky pkcii`ia, mhus`ia sgbur`ty, bukturg cid sphrts, cid

tmhsg crgcs tmct crg bkhsgky bhiigbtgd w`tm pghpkgs k`v`ia

giv`rhiegit, k`og trcisphrtct`hi, tgkgbheeui`bct`his,

pulk`b jcb`k`t`gs cid tmg giv`rhiegit, cs wgkk cs tmhsg

j`gkds tmct scjgaucrd tmg pulk`b sgbur`ty, k`og pulk`b

sgbur`ty, bhisuept`hi cid ict`hick dgjgisg.

Lcs`b shb`ck sgrv`bgs tmg ahvgriegit w`kk prhv`dg

dur`ia tmg Twgkjtm J`vg-Pgcr ^kci pgr`hd `ibkudg tmg

e`i`eue suls`stgibg ckkhwcibg cid spgb`ck rgk`gj

jhr tmg urlci cid rurck arhups gxpgr`gib`ia j`icib`ck

d`jffibukt`gs, `ibkud`ia k`jg bcrg cid ectgr`ck css`stcibg

jhr jhhds, bkhtmgs, mhus`ia, egd`bck bcrg cid juigrck

jhr tmg "ffivg aucrcitggs" jce`k`gs `i rurck crgcs? rgk`gj

jhr pghpkg cjjgbtgd ly icturck d`scstgrs? shb`ck sgrv`bgs

jhr vcarcits cid lgaacrs w`tmhut sgburgd urlci

k`vgk`mhhds? wgkjcrg sgrv`bgs jhr tmg spgb`ck iggds

arhups `ibkud`ia tmg d`sclkgd, hrpmcis cid tmg egitckky

bmckkgiagd gtb.? lcs`b gkdgrky bcrg sgrv`bgs? jcvhrclkg

trgctegit, bhepgisct`hi cid sgttkgegit sgrv`bgs

jhr vcr`hus arhups git`tkgd hj prgjgrgit`ck trgctegit?

jrgg ecrr`cag rga`strct`hi sgrv`bgs jhr urlci cid rurck

rgs`dgits? cid lcs`b juigrck sgrv`bgs th tmg dgbgcsgd.

Z@@@. Rhb`ck Rgrv`bg Rystge jhr tmg Gkdgrky

Tmg Bm`igsg shb`gty `s cjjgbtgd ly rcp`d arhwtm

hj tmg iuelgr hj gkdgrky pghpkg. @i 3>, tmg iuelgr

hj pghpkg cagd :> cid clhvg rgcbmgd 31= e`kk`hi,

cbbhuit`ia jhr 32.2% hj tmg thtck phpukct`hi. Tmg

iuelgr hj pghpkg cagd :7 cid clhvg rgcbmgd 330

e`kk`hi, cbbhuit`ia jhr =.0% hj tmg thtck phpukct`hi.@t `s prgd`bctgd tmct, `i , tmg iuelgr hj hkd

pghpkg hvgr :> w`kk `ibrgcsg th urlci bheeui`t`gs (ig`amlhrmhhd bhee`ttggs)

cid 3,24>,>>> rgs`dgits arhups `i Bm`ic hpgrct`ia

3:>,>>> bheeui`ty sgrv`bg jcb`k`t`gs, cid 472,>>>

bhivgi`git sgrv`bg hutkgts. Tmgrg wgrg370,>>>

bheeui`ty vhkuitggr sgrv`bg hraci`zct`his cid

3,>=0,>>> pgrshis whro`ia `i tmg bheeui`t`gs. Tmgrg

wgrg 420,>>> bheeui`ty bhee`ttgg egelgrs cid

3,>70,>>> bheeui`ty pulk`b sgrv`bg whrogrs. Clhut

7,>1:,>>> bheeui`ty rgs`dgits lgbceg vhkuitggrs jhr

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]@

Gxgbut`vgRueecry

tmg`r bheeui`t`gs cid bhist`tutgd tmg lcbolhig jhr

prheht`ia bheeui`ty dgvgkhpegit cid sgrv`bgs.

@i 33, tmgrg wgrg 33,471,>>> mhusgmhkds cid

> pgrshis git`tkgd th suls`stgibg ckkhwcibg

`i Bm`ics urlci crgcs. Tmg cvgrcag urlci suls`stgibg

ckkhwcibg wcs \EL

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TMG RTCTG HJ BM@ICR B@T@GR 3

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3TMG RTCTG HJ BM@ICR B@T@GR 3 ehst phpukctgd b`t`gs cbbhuitgd

jhr , cid lgbceg mheg th c phpukct`hi hj

igcrky 7> e`kk`hi. Tmg thtck phpukct`hi hj tmrgg bgitrck

b`t`gs hj Lg`f`ia, Rmciamc` cid Auciazmhu `ibrgcsgd ly

37.4> e`kk`hi w`tm`i 3> ygcrs, cid tmg`r pgrbgitcag `i tmg

phpukct`hi hj ckk prgjgbturg-kgvgk b`t`gs `ibrgcsgd th 4.7%

`i 3> jrhe 2.7% `i >>. @i tmg gcstgri bhstck crgc, tmg

phpukct`hi dgis`ty hj tmg tmrgg crgcs hj tmg Pciatzg \`vgr

Dgktc, ^gcrk \`vgr Dgktc cid Lg`f`ia-T`cif`i-Mglg` \ga`hi

wmgrg b`t`gs cid thwis crg dgisgky d`str`lutgd rgcbmgd

cs m`am cs 120 pgrshi pgr squcrg o`khegtgr, :>= pgrshi

pgr squcrg o`khegtgr cid 4=3 pgrshi pgr squcrg o`khegtgr

rgspgbt`vgky? wm`kg dur`ia tmg sceg pgr`hd hj t`eg, tmg

cvgrcag phpukct`hi dgis`ty `i Bm`ic wcs 34> pgrshi pgr

squcrg o`khegtgr cid tmg phpukct`hi dgis`ty `i wgstgri

Bm`ic wcs hiky 72 pgrshi pgr squcrg o`khegtgr.

B`t`gs crg tmg brystckk`zct`hi hj mueci b`v`k`zct`hi,

cid urlci`zct`hi `s ci `ephrtcit pcrt hj ehdgri`zct`hi.

Thdcy, urlci`zct`hi `s bmcia`ia hur whrkd cid hur wcy

hj k`jg `i s`ai`ffibcit wcys. Tmg gegra`ia gbhihe`gs cid

dgvgkhp`ia bhuitr`gs, w`tm e`kk`his hj pghpkg fh`i`ia

tmg urlci phpukct`hi gvgry dcy, mcvg lgbheg tmg ec`i

jhrbg dr`v`ia urlci`zct`hi `i tmg whrkd.

R`ibg tmg kcuibm`ia hj rgjhre cid hpgi`ia-up

prharce hvgr 2> ygcrs cah, Bm`ic mcs qu`bogigd tmg

pcbg hj `idustr`ck`zct`hi cid urlci`zct`hi, w`tm urlci

phpukct`hi `ibrgcs`ia jrhe 31> e`kk`hi th sheg 1>>

e`kk`hi. Tmg gegragibg hj c iuelgr hj b`ty bkustgrs w`tm

strhia `ijkugibg cid dyice`se jhr dgvgkhpegit mcs

lhhstgd tmg gbhihe`b cid shb`ck dgvgkhpegit.

3.3 Hvgrv`gw hj Wrlci`zct`hi Dgvgkhpegit

Ly tmg gid hj 33, tmgrg wgrg :71 b`t`gs `i Bm`ic,

`ibkud`ia 4 eui`b`pck`t`gs d`rgbtky uidgr tmg bgitrck

ahvgriegit, 37 sul-prhv`ib`ck b`t`gs, bhuity-kgvgk b`t`gs. Tmg thtck crgc

hj cde`i`strct`vg rga`his hj tmg b`t`gs ct vcr`hus kgvgks

cbbhuitgd jhr clhut mckj hj Bm`ics kcid crgc. Tmg

iuelgr hj tmg dgs`aictgd thwis `ibrgcsgd th 30,:=2.

Tmgrg wgrg 2> b`t`gs w`tm c pgrecigit rgs`dgit

phpukct`hi hj hvgr = e`kk`hi, cehia wm`bm 32 b`t`gs wgrgw`tm c phpukct`hi gxbggd`ia 3> e`kk`hi.

Cbbhrd `ia th tmg kctgst stc t`s t`bs, tmg phpukct `hi

k`v`ia `i b`t`gs cid thwis surpcssgd tmg phpukct`hi `i

rurck crgc jhr tmg ffirst t`eg `i Bm`ic th rgcbm :0> e`kk`hi,

rgprgsgit`ia c m`sthr`bck bmciag hj Bm`ics shb`ck

strubturg. Tmg urlci`zct`hi rctg mcs rgec`igd jc`rky jhr

c khia t`eg, rgcbm`ia 73., cid 32.4:% jhr tmg pgr`hd jrhe >>

th 3>.

Ecp 3-3 Wrlci ^hpukct`hi Dgis`ty `i Bm`ic, 3>

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< TMG RTCTG HJ BM@ICR B@T@GR 3 th 3>, tmg thtck phpukct`hi arhwtm `ithp b`t`gs w`tm tmg m`amgst phpukct`hi arhwtm rctg `i

Bm`ic rgcbmgd cs m`am cs 2=.== e`kk`hi, cbbhuit`ia jhr

47.2% hj tmg thtck arhwtm hj phpukct`hi `i ckk prgjgbturg-

kgvgk b`t`gs. Q`tm tmg gxbgpt`hi hj tmhsg spgb`ffib rgshurbg

b`t`gs k`og Ocrcecy cid Grdhs, c ecfhr`ty hj tmgsg b`t`gs

crg khbctgd `i tmg Pciatzg \`vgr Dgktc, ^gcrk \`vgr Dgktc

cid Lg`f`ia-T`cif`i-Mglg` \ga`hi. Dur`ia tmg pgr`hd jrhe

>> th 3>, tmg thtck phpukct`hi arhwtm `i thp b`t`gs

w`tm tmg m`amgst phpukct`hi arhwtm `i Bm`ic rgcbmgd cs

m`am cs 40.>7 e`kk`hi, cbbhuit`ia jhr 71.> th 3> rgcbmgd hvgr 42.>> e`kk`hi, wmgrg tmg

Lg`f`ia-T`cif`i-Mglg` \ga`hi cbbhuitgd jhr tmg arhwtm

hj 0.:7 e`kk`hi, tmg 3: b`t`gs hj Pciatzg \`vgr Dgktc

cbbhuitgd jhr tmg arhwtm hj hvgr . e`kk`hi cid tmg 0

b`t`gs hj tmg ^gcrk \`vgr Dgktc cbbhuitgd jhr tmg arhwtm hj

32. e`kk`hi. @i cdd`t`hi, tmg Ihrtmwgst Bm`ic, jgcturgd

w`tm jrca`kg gbhkha`bck giv`rhiegit, k`e`tgd bheprgmgis`vg

bcrry`ia bcpcb`ty cid jrgqugit d`scstgrs, st`kk ec`itc`igd cm`am phpukct`hi arhwtm rctg.

3.

wgrg ec`iky bgitgrgd `i tmg tmrgg egtrhphk`tci crgcs

hj Pciatzg \`vgr Dgktc, ^gcrk \`vgr Dgktc cid Lg`f`ia-

T`cif`i-Mglg` \ga`hi, Rmcidhia ^gi`isukc, tmg e`d-

shutm hj K`chi`ia ^rhv`ibg cid tmg bhcstck crgc hj

Juf`ci rhv`ibg. Mhwgvgr, gxbgpt Rmcidhia ^gi`isukcr

cid tmg e`d-shutm hj K`chi`ia ^rhv`ibg, tmg gbhihe`b

arhwtm rctg cid arhwtm rctg hj AD^ pgr bcp`tc `i ckk

tmgsg tmrgg egtrhphk`tci crgcs w`tigssgd c rgecroclkg

Ecp 3-4 Gbhihe`b Dgvgkhpegit Kgvgks cid Arhwtm \ctgs

hj rgjgbturg-kgvgk B`t`gs i Bm`ic, 3>Ecp 3-2 Arhwtm hj grecigit hpukct`hi `i rgjgbturg-

kgvgk B`t`gs, Bm`ic, >>-3>

^hpukct`hi arhwtm rctg hj b`t`gs (bhuit`gs),

Bm`ic, >>-3>, (%)

Ecp 3-< Arhwtm \ctg hj ^grecigit ^hpukct`hi `i B`t`gs

(D`str`bts), Bm`ic, >>-3>

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2TMG RTCTG HJ BM@ICR B@T@GR 3>%. Egciwm`kg,

Vmch Thia, khbctgd `i Rhutmgcstgri lhrdgr hj Bm`ic,

`s tmg b`ty w`tm tmg khwgst urlci`zct`hi kgvgk wmgrg tmg

phpukct`hi w`tm ihi-car`bukturck mhusgmhkd rga`strct`hi

cehuitgd th hiky 34.==% `i 3> (Cbbhrd`ia th

stct`st`bs hj R`xtm Ict`hick ^hpukct`hi Bgisus, tmg

phpukct`hi `i tmg b`ty cid thwis hj Vmchthia cbbhuitgd

jhr

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4 TMG RTCTG HJ BM@ICR B@T@GR 3

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7TMG RTCTG HJ BM@ICR B@T@GR 3% cid `s `i rcp`d dgvgkhpegit. Tm`s hjjgrs c muag

dgvgkhpegit phtgit`ck cid ecrogt hpphrtui`t`gs. Ct tmg sceg t`eg, Bm`ic jcbgs bmckkgiags hj hpt`e`z`ia

tmg kcyhut cid jhre hj urlci`zct`hi, prheht`ia tmg trcisjgr hj rurck phpukct`his `ith b`t`gs, cid `eprhv`ia

tmg sustc`icl`k`ty hj tmg b`ty.

Clhut tmrgg qucrtgrs hj tmg GWs phpukct`hi k`vgs `i ci urlci bhitgxt. Tmg GW cid `ts Egelgr

Rtctgs mcvg dgvgkhpgd c bheprgmgis`vg jrcegwhro cid cbbueukctgd r`bm gxpgr`gibg rgkct`ia th urlci

dgvgkhpegit, wm`kg jcb`ia bmckkgiags hj gigray cid icturck rgshurbg bhisgrvct`hi cid tmg rgdubt`hi hj

arggimhusg acs ge`ss`his.

Lhtm s`dgs rgbhai`zg tmct tmg bheehi `itgrgsts cid syigray lgtwggi hur rgspgbt`vg khia-tgre

gbhihe`b strctga`gs mcvg kc`d c shuid jhuidct`hi cid lrhuamt m`sthr`bck hpphrtui`t`gs `i tcbok`ia

thagtmgr tmg bmckkgiags hj urlci`zct`hi cid fh`itky prheht`ia mgcktmy urlci`zct`hi dgvgkhpegit.

Tmgrgjhrg, lhtm s`dgs dgbkcrg tmct gjjhrts w`kk lg stgppgd up bgitgr`ia hi tmg Bm`ic-GW ^crtigrsm`p

hi Wrlci`zct`hi (mgrg`icjtgr rgjgrrgd th cs tmg ^crtigrsm`p)6

3. Lhtm s`dgs cjffire tmg`r bhee`tegit th tmg hlfgbt`vgs cid pr`hr`t`gs hj tmg Fh`it Bheeui`qu hj tmg

34tm Bm`ic-GW Ruee`t cid prhehtg tmg sehhtm dgvgkhpegit hj tmg ^crtigrsm`p, wm`kg `epkgegit`ia

Bm`ics 3

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: TMG RTCTG HJ BM@ICR B@T@GR 3

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1TMG RTCTG HJ BM@ICR B@T@GR 3, tmg ibheg hj urlci cid rurck rgs`dgits

`i Rmciamc` wcs tmg m`amgst `i Bm`ic, clhut = t`egs rgspgbt`vgky tmct hj Acisu, tmg prhv`ibg

w`tm tmg khwgst. Tmgrg wgrg cksh kcrag d`jjgrgibgs

lgtwggi urlci cid rurck rgs`dgits hj d`jjgrgit rga`his `i

tgres hj gxpgid`turg jhr bhisuept`hi. Tcog tmg dctc hj

Rmciamc` cid Acisu jhr gxcepkg, Rmciamc` wcs ygcrs

jrhe >> th 3>, tmg prhphrt`hi hj tmg phpukct`hi

w`tm fui`hr bhkkgag cid clhvg gdubct`hi `i F`ciasu

^rhv`ibg hj gcstgri Bm`ic rhsg smcrpky jrhe 2.0.=3%? dur`ia tmg sceg pgr`hd, tmg prhphrt`hi hj

tmg phpukct`hi w`tm fui`hr bhkkgag cid clhvg gdubct`hi

`i Au`zmhu ^rhv`ibg hj wgstgri Bm`ic hiky rhsg jrhe

2.02% th 7.% `i Lg`f`ia `i 3>, wm`bm wcs 3.= t`egs tmct hj

`ts ig`amlhr`ia b`ty T`cif`i (31.4=%) cid 4.2 t`egs tmct

hj Mglg` ^rhv`ibg (1.2>%). Dur`ia tmg sceg pgr`hd, tmg

`kk`tgrcby rctg (prhphrt`hi hj `kk`tgrctg phpukct`hi hj 37

ygcrs hkd cid clhvg) hj Lg`f`ia `i 3> wcs 3.1%, cid

3.0:% jhr Auciadhia ^rhv`ibg, wm`kg tmg rctgs wgrg cs

m`am cs >>

pgrshis)

(%)hj

tmg

ict`hick

thtck

AD^ (3>>

e`kk`hi

Puci)

(%)hj tmg

ict`hick

thtck

Kcid crgc

(3>,>>>

squcrg

o`khegtgrs)

(%)hj tmg

ict`hick

thtck

A^D pgr

bcp`tc

(Puci/

pgrshi)

AD^ pgr kcid crgc

(3>,>>> Puci/

squcrg o`khegtgr)

Gcstgrirga`hi

7>,::2.1 2=.> .1 72.3 03.: 0.7 47,10= ,074.0 =.< 21,402.7 =.: 1=.= =.< 24,>.> 4>3, 3>>.> 0:>.> 3>>.>

Ecp 3-= Rpct`ck D`str`lut`hi hj ^hpukct`hi w`tm Gdubct`hi clhvg Fui`hr

Bhkkgag Kgvgk `i 3>

Rhurbg6 Tmg Bheeui`qu hi Ecfhr J`aurgs hj tmg R`xtm Ict`hick

^hpukct`hi Bgisus

Kgagid ui`t6 %

Rhurbg6 Bm`ic Rtct`st`bck Pgcrlhho 33

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= TMG RTCTG HJ BM@ICR B@T@GR 3 e`kk`hi squcrg o`khegtgrs, cid ly dgdubt`ia

tmg crclkg kcid tmct eust lg prhtgbtgd cid tmgkcid tmct mcs lggi usgd jhr bhistrubt`hi, tmg kcid

crgc cvc`kclkg jhr juturg `idustr`ck cid urlci`zct`hi

dgvgkhpegit cid bhistrubt`hi jhr htmgr purphsgs

`s clhut ,>>> squcrg o`khegtgrs, cbbhuit`ia jhr

clhut 2% hj Bm`ics thtck kcid crgc. @i tmg rgbgit

j`vg ygcrs, tmg crgc hj igwky cddgd bhistrubt`hi

kcid cpprhvgd ly tmg stctg bhuib`k cid prhv`ib`ck

ahvgriegits gcbm ygcr gxbggdgd 4,>>> squcrg

o`khegtgrs, cid gvgi rgcbmgd tmg rgbhrd m`am hj

7,=11 squcrg o`khegtgrs `i >0. Cbbhrd`ia th tmg

prgd`bt`his, tmg urlci phpukct`hi w`kk `ibrgcsg ly 3>

e`kk`hi ciiuckky `i tmg juturg 3> ygcrs cid tmg suppky

hj bhistrubt`hi kcid `s mcrdky hpt`e`st`b.

Tmg bhitrcd`bt`hi rgec`is cbutg lgtwggi crclkg kcid

prhtgbt`hi cid tmg sgr`hus spcbg smhrtcag iggdgd jhr

urlci cid rurck gxpcis`hi. Tmg pr`ib`pck arc`is-prhdubia

crgcs hj Bm`ic cid tmg crgcs su`tclkg jhr urlci cid

rurck bhistrubt`hi crg m`amky hvgrkcpp`ia, rgsukt`ia `i tmg

tgisg rgkct`hism`p lgtwggi crclkg kcid cid bhistrubt`hi

kcid. Tm`s rgqu`rgs hvgrckk pkcii`ia `i hrdgr th mcidkg tmg

rgkct`hism`p lgtwggi urlci dgvgkhpegit cid prhtgbt`hi

hj crclkg kcid. Tcog tmg Ru`tcl`k`ty @ Crgc tmct `s ehst

su`tclkg jhr urlci dgvgkhpegit cid mueci sgttkgegitjhr gxcepkg, tm`s Crgc cbbhuits jhr 30% hj tmg kcid crgc

hj Bm`ic, cid prhv`dgs 77% hj Bm`ics crclkg kcid tmg

Ru`tcl`k`ty @@ Crgc cbbhuits jhr % hj tmg whrkd cvgrcag. Tmg m`am quck`ty crclkg kcid

hiky cbbhuitgd jhr hig tm`rd hj tmg thtck crclkg kcid. Tmg

lcboup crclkg kcid rgsgrvg wcs clhut > e`kk`hi eu,

cid :>% hj tmg rgsgrvg wgrg khbctgd `i crgcs w`tm eciy

rgstr`bt`vg jcbthrs jhr dgvgkhpegit cid ut`k`zct`hi, subm cs

`isujffib`git wctgr rgshurbgs cid jrca`kg gbhsystges.

Fhl-muit`ia hj \urck E`arcit Qhrogrs

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0TMG RTCTG HJ BM@ICR B@T@GR 3

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3> TMG RTCTG HJ BM@ICR B@T@GR 3 rgcbmgd > e`kk`hi, hr =3.>2% jrhe >>. Tmg cbbgkgrctgd

ehvgegit hj rurck kclhr jhrbg cid rcp`d urlci gbhihe`b

dgvgkhpegit jhr tmgsg ygcrs wgrg rgsphis`lkg jhr tmg

kcrag `ibrgcsg hj hct`ia phpukct`hi.

Cbbhrd`ia th tmg Rtct`st`bck Bheeuiqug hi tmg 33

Ict`hick Gbhihe`b cid Rhb`ck Dgvgkhpegit, tmg thtck

iuelgr hj rurck e`arcit whrogrs `i 33 (tmg ciiuck

iuelgr hj rurck e`arcit whrogrs `ibkudgs rurck e`arcit

whrogrs whro`ia huts`dg hj tmg`r mhegthwis jhr hvgr s`x

ehitms w`tm`i tmg burrgit ygcr cid tmg khbck rurck whrogrs

giaca`ia i ihi-car`bukturck idustr`gs jhr hvgr s`x ehitms

`i tmg`r mhegthwis w`tm`i tmg burrgit ygcr) rgcbmgd

, cid tmg iuelgr hj khbck rurck whrogrs rgcbmgd

04.37 e`kk`hi, ibrgcsia ly 7.0% jrhe 3>.

M`am ehl`k`ty hj phpukct`hi phsgs argct prgssurghi bheprgmgis`vg shb`ck suppky jhr rcp`dky urlci`z`ia

crgcs cid crgcs w`tm phpukct`hi drc`i. Tmg m`amky

spct`ck uibgrtc`ity hj tmg phpukct`hi ehl`k`ty rgsuktgd

`i tmg dhulkg suppky cid dhulkg `dk`ia hj pulk`b

rgshurbgs. Tcog Rmuidg B`ty, Auciadhia ^rhv`ibg

jhr gxcepkg. Dur`ia tmg 3> ygcrs jrhe 300= th >=,

tmg thtck phpukct`hi hj tmg b`ty `ibrgcsgd ly :72,>>>

(`ibrgcs`ia ly 4:.4%), wmgrg tmg phpukct`hi w`tm

mhusgmhkd rga`strct`hi `i Rmuidg `ibrgcsgd ly 340,>>>

(`ibrgcs`ia ly clhut 34.4,>>> (`ibrgcs`ia ly 34

Ecp 3-33 Arhwtm Bhgjffib`git hj Wrlci Igt ^hpukct`hi

@ihw, Bm`ic, 3>

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33TMG RTCTG HJ BM@ICR B@T@GR 3% jhr tmg

ffirst t`eg. Mhwgvgr, tmgrg rgec`igd ci `ephrtcit jcbt hj ihi-

rgs`dgit`ck`zct`hi hj hvgr > e`kk`hi rurck e`arcit whrogrs `itmg urlci phpukct`hi. Tmg rgs`dgibg hj rurck e`arcit whrogrs

`i tmg `ihw b`t`gs tgidgd th lg hi khia tgre cid tmg`r cvgrcag

gepkhyegit t`eg `i tmg burrgit b`t`gs wcs 7.2 ygcrs, cid

clhut 4>% hj tmge gxbggd`ia 7 ygcrs cid clhut % hj tmge

gxbggd`ia 3> ygcrs. Tm`s `id`bctgd ci `ibrgcs`iaky rgecroclkg

tgidgiby hj e`arct`hi tmct ehst hj tmg e`arcit whrogrs lgbceg

e`arcits dg jcbth. Ly tmg gid hj 3>, tmg rurck e`arcit whrogrs

cbbhuitgd jhr hvgr mckj hj tmg urlci gepkhyggs whro`ia `i tmg

eciujcbtur`ia cid prhbgss`ia `idustry, bhistrubt`hi, gxbcvct`hi

`idustry, cid sgrv`bg `idustry `ibkud`ia sci`tct`hi, mhusgoggp`ia

cid bctgr`ia, gtb. Tmg rurck e`arcit whrogrs ecdg `ephrtcit

bhitr`lut`his th tmg urlci dgvgkhpegit. Mhwgvgr, tmgy ckwcys

kcbogd hj tmg sgisg hj lgkhia`iaigss th tmg b`t`gs wmgrg tmgywhrogd cid jgkt mcrd th ffit `ith tmg b`t`gs. Tmhuam tmgy kgjt tmg

rurck bheeui`t`gs, `t wcs st kk mcrd jhr tmge th ffit `ith tmg urlci

bheeui`t`gs cid gjjgbt`vgky prhtgbt tmg`r hwi `itgrgsts cid

r`amts. Tmg wgkjcrg acp wcs lgbhe`ia kcragr lgtwggi tmg urlci

rgs`dgits cid urlci e`arcit whrogrs. Rurvgys smhwgd tmct

tmg prhphrt`hi hj rurck e`arcit whrogrs pcrt`b`pct`ia `i pgis`hi

`isurcibg, egd`bck `isurcibg, whro-rgkctgd `ifury `isurcibg

cid uigepkhyegit `isurcibg rgcbmgd 3=.> yuci cid tmg thtck bhst jhr tmg urlci rgs`dgit`ck`zct`hi

hj tmg e`kk`hi rurck e`arcit whrogrs rgcbmgs hvgr

tr`kk`hi yuci. Mhwgvgr, `t `s tmg `rrgs`st`lkg agigrck trgid th

prhehtg tmg urlci rgs`dgit`ck`zct`hi hj tmg rurck e`arcit

whrogrs, cid tmg urlci rgs`dgit`ck`zct`hi hj tmg rurck e`arcit

whrogrs s ci ephrtcit jhuidct`hi th shk`d`jy tmg urlci`zct`hi

cid `i sheg sgisg `s ehrg `ephrtcit tmci rcp`dky `ibrgcs`ia

tmg urlci`zct`hi kgvgk. Tmgrg `s eubm th lg dhig th gimcibg

tmg gquck cbbgss th lcs`b pulk`b sgrv`bgs th cttrcbt rurck

e`arcit whrogrs th sgttkg dhwi `i urlci crgcs, jcb`k`tctg tmg

urlci rgs`dgit`ck`zct`hi hj tmg rurck e`arcit whrogrs th ckkhw

quck`ffigd rurck e`arcit whrogrs th sgttkg dhwi `i tmg pkcbgs

hj tmg`r gepkhyegits `i ci hrdgrky eciigr, rct`hickky au`dg

tmg hw hj phpukct`hi, hpt`e`zg tmg d`str`lut`hi hj b`t`gs cid

thwis, sh cs th prhehtg tmg bh-smcr`ia hj tmg cbm`gvgegits

hj rgjhre cid dgvgkhpegit w`tm tmg rurck e`arcit whrogrs.

Ecp 3-3< \ga`hick D`str`lut`hi hj ^hpukct`hi Jkhw `i

^rgjgbturg-kgvgk B`t`gs, 3>

Ecp 3-32 @ibrgegit hj Igt ^hpukct`hi @ihw hj B`t`gs,

Bm`ic, >>-3>

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3< TMG RTCTG HJ BM@ICR B@T@GR 3. Hi tmg lcs`s hj tmg ^rhphsck, Bmhiaq`ia

cksh jhreukctgd tmrgg bhrg bhrrgsphid`ia egcsurgs hi rurck kcid trcisjgr cid ut`k`zct`hi, mhusgmhkd

rga`strct`hi trcisjgr cid shb`ck sgbur`ty.

J`rstky,J`vg Bkhtmgswgrg prhv`dgd ct hig ah. (3) ^gis`hi `isurcibg. 3,==>,>>> mhusgmhkd

trcisjgrrgd rgs`dgits thho hut vcr`hus pgis`hi `isurcibgs, cbbhuit`ia jhr 1=.2% hj ckk tmg mhusgmhkd

trcisjgrrgd rgs`dgits. Cehia tmge, > jcregrs wmh khst tmg`r kcids dug th gxprhpr`ct`hi hj kcid

jhr bhistrubt`hi cppk`gd jhr tco`ia hut pgis`hi `isurcibg wm`bm `s bctgrgd spgb`ffibckky jhr jcregrs wmh

mcvg bmciagd jrhe car`bukturck th ihi-car`bukturck stctus dug th kcid gxprhpr`ct`hi cid 33=,>>> gkdgrky

pgrshis stcrtgd th rgbg`vg pgis`hi hj ct kgcst 7>> yuci gcbm ehitm. Hj tmg 3,0>> mhusgmhkd trcisjgrrgd

rgs`dgits wmh cppk`gd jhr tco`ia hut pgis`hi `isurcibg wm`bm `s bctgrgd spgb`ffibckky jhr jcregrs wmh mcvg

bmciagd jrhe rurck th urlci stctus dug th kcid trcisjgr, 0

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32TMG RTCTG HJ BM@ICR B@T@GR 3> yuci gcbm ehitm. (> pgrshis pcrt`b`pctgd

`i vcr`hus egd`bck `isurcibg prharces,

cbbhuit`ia jhr =2.0% hj ckk tmg pgrshiigk

bhibgrigd. (2)Gepkhyegit. Bmhiaq`ia

bhidubtgd gepkhyegit cid gitrgprgigursm`p

trc`i`ias jhr 3> mhusgmhkd trcisjgrrgd

rgs`dgits, rgbheegidgd fhls jhr hvgr >

pgrshis, `ssugd sgburgd e`brh khcis hj 3=.=0

e`kk`hi yuci th mhusgmhkd trcisjgrrgd rgs`dgits

wmh stcrtgd tmg`r hwi lus`igss, crrciagd fhls

jhr 247 d`sbmcragd shkd`grs wmhsg stctus mcvg

bmciagd th urlci rgs`dgit stctus, css`stgd

2,>=7 d`sbmcragd shkd`grs wmhsg stctus mcvg

bmciagd th urlci rgs`dgit stctus th ffiid tmg`r fhls hi tmg`r hwi, cid `ssugd tmg hibg-jhr-ckk ffiicib`ck

suls`dy hj :3.1 e`kk`hi yuci jhr `id`v`ducks wmh jhuid fhls hi tmg`r hwi. (4) Mhus`ia. 23,4>> tmhuscidmhusgmhkds hj mhusgmhkd trcisjgrrgd rgs`dgits cid rurck e`arcit whrogrs cppk`gd jhr cid subbgssjukky

hltc`igd tmg cbbgss th shb`ck mhus`ia, cbbhuit`ia jhr 2=. e`kk`hi pgrshis mcd tmg`r

mhusgmhkd rga`strct`hi trcisjgrrgd jrhe rurck th urlci stctus w`tm ci cvgrcag hj :,> pgrshis wmh bmciagd tmg`r mhusgmhkd rga`strct`hi bmciagd, cbbhuit`ia jhr 2>.7% hj tmg

thtck? cid tmg shutmgcst hj Bmhiaq`ia mcd 74>,>>> pgrshis wmh bmciagd tmg`r mhusgmhkd rga`strct`hi,

cbbhuit`ia jhr ,>>> pgrshis wmh

bmciagd tmg`r mhusgmhkd rga`strct`hi k`vgd `i tmg dhwithwi hj Bmhiaq`ia, cbbhuit`ia jhr >> pgrshis k`vgd `i urlci d`str`bts cid bhuity sgcts, cbbhuit`ia jhr ,>>> pgrshis k`vgd `i seckk thwis, cbbhuit`ia jhr 4:.1% hj tmg thtck. Fuda`ia jrhe tmg phpukct`hi

arhups wmh mcvg tmg`r mhusgmhkd rga`strct`hi bmciagd, tmg iuelgr hj rurck e`arcit whrogrs cid tmg igw

agigrct`hi hj e`arcit whrogrs rgcbmgd 3,0,>>>, cbbhuit`ia jhr :2.3% hj tmg thtck.

Tm`rdky, Bheegits jrhe gxpgrts. (3) Bc` Jcia (D`rgbthr hj tmg @ist`tutg hj ^hpukct`hi cid Kclhr

Gbhihe`bs (@^KG-BCRR), Bm`igsg Cbcdgey hj Rhb`ck Rb`gibgs (BCRR))6 Tm`s rhuid hj mhusgmhkd

rga`strct`hi systge rgjhre kcuibmgd ly Bmhiq`ia mcs sulstcit`ck s`ai`ffibcibg. Tmg `epkgegitct`hi pr`ib`pkgs

cid egtmhds hj tmg rgjhre eggt twh rgqu`rgegits hj gquck cbbgss th pulk`b sgrv`bgs cid tmg khwgr tmrgsmhkd

jhr tmg rga`strct`hi bmciag. Ckk tmgsg w`kk lg `istrubt`vg jhr mcidk`ia tmg ecfhr bmckkgiags `i Bm`ic. Tm`s

rgjhre `s whrtmy hj w`dg rgbhai`t`hi. (

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TMG RTCTG HJ BM@ICR B@T@GR 3%.

, Bm`ic bhepkgtgd `ivgstegit hj \EL 4,=.= l`kk`hi yuci, cbbhuit`ia jhr 13.11% hj tmg thtck

`ivgstegit `i rgck gstctg dgvgkhpegit. Tmg sgbhidcry

mhus`ia ecrogt cid mhus`ia rgitck ecrogt dgvgkhpgd

stclky cid lgbceg `ephrtcit bhephigits th sct`sjy tmg

rgs`dgits mhus`ia dgecid. Mhus`ia `idustr`ck`zct`hi

ac`igd phs`t`vg prhargss, prhehtgd tmg `eprhvgegit hj

tmg mhus`ia quck`ty cid k`v`ia giv`rhiegit, cid drhvg

tmg rcp`d dgvgkhpegit hj upstrgce cid dhwistrgce

`idustr`gs k`og lu`kd`ia bhistrubt`hi, rgihvct`hi cid

dgbhrct`hi, cid juri`turg cid mheg cppk`cibgs.

% hi c

ygcr-hi-ygcr lcs`s. Dgsp`tg tmg jrgqugit gegragibg

hj rgaukct`hi phk`b`gs, tmg hvgrckk bheehd`ty mhus`ia

ecrogt st`kk ec`itc`igd stclkg arhwtm.

Dur`ia tmg Gkgvgitm J`vg-Pgcr ^kci pgr`hd jrhe

>: th 3>, tmg rgck gstctg ecrogt cid mhus`ia

pr`bgs hj Bm`ic uidgrwgit kcrag jkubtuct`his uidgr

tmg `iugibg hj `itgrick cid gxtgrick jcbthrs. Bm`iccdhptgd gx`lkg cid tcragtgd phk`b`gs cid egcsurgs

`i rgsphisg th tmg d`jjgrgit prhlkges hj tmg rgck

gstctg ecrogt `i d`jjgrgit stcags, cid strgiatmgigd

rgaukct`his bhibgri`ia tmg rgck gstctg ecrogt. Tmg

sgr`gs hj rgck gstctg rgaukct`hi egcsurgs bhvgrgd

crgcs hj kcid, ffiicibg, cid tcxct`hi.

Jcbgd w`tm c prgb`p`thus r`sg `i tmg pr`bg hj

mhus`ia, tmg ahvgriegit jhbusgd hi cdfust`ia tmg

mhus`ia suppky strubturg `i >: cid >1. Tmg rgck

gstctg ecrogt jgkk `ith c rgbgss`hi cjtgr Hbthlgr >=

Bmcptgr % hj

tmg mhusg vckug. @i Cpr`k, tmg Rtctg Bhuib`k `ssugd tmg

Iht`bg hj tmg Rtctg Bhuib`k hi \gshkutgky Burl`ia tmg

Rhcr`ia hj Mhus`ia ^r`bgs `i Rheg B`t`gs, prhphs`ia

th cdhpt ehrg str `iagit d` j jgrgit`ctgd mhus`ia

brgd`t phk`by, rc`sg tmg dhwi pcyegit jhr jce`k`gs

purbmcs`ia c sgbhid ui`t hj mhus`ia hi khcis th hvgr

7>% hj tmg mhusg vckug, cid ec`itc`i`ia c ehrtacag

`itgrgst rctg iht kgss tmci 33>% hj tmg lgibmecro

`itgrgst rctg. @i Rgptgelgr, sheg e`i`str`gs cid

dgpcrtegits hj tmg bgitrck ahvgriegit dgecidgd th

rgstr`bt tmg iuelgr hj cpcrtegits purbmcsgd ly gcbm

mhusgmhkd w`tm`i c bgrtc`i pgr`hd hj t`eg `i b`t`gs w`tm

gxbgss`vgky m`am mhus`ia pr`bgs cid c t`amt mhus`ia

suppky cid th `eprhvg tmg d`jjgrgit`ctgd mhus`ia

brgd`t phk`by, cid cdfust tmg dhwi pcyegit jhr

purbmcs`ia bheehd`ty mhus`ia hi khcis th 2>% cid

clhvg hj tmg mhusg vckug. Ckk bheegrb`ck lcios wgrg

rgqugstgd th suspgid hjjgr`ia mhus`ia ehrtacag

khcis th `id`v`ducks cid mhusgmhkds jhr purbmcs`ia

tmrgg hr ehrg ui`ts hj mhus`ia.

Ct tmg gid hj Fciucry 33, tmg Agigrck Hjffibg hj

tmg Rtctg Bhuib`k ciihuibgd tmg G`amt \gck Gstctg

Ecrogt \gaukct`hi Egcsurgs, tmg sh-bckkgd ehst

str`iagit rgaukcthry phk`by. J`rstky, khbck ahvgriegits

wgrg rgqu`rgd th uidgrtcog tmg`r rgsphis`l`k`t`gs.

Khbck ahvgriegits eust sgt up c rgcshiclkg tcragt

jhr pr`bg bhitrhk hj igw mhus`ia dgvgkhpegits lcsgd

hi khbck gbhihe`b dgvgkhpegit ahcks cid tmg arhwtm

hj pgr bcp`tc d`sphsclkg `ibheg, cid ecog pulk`b

ciihuibgegit hj tmg tcragt `i tmg ffirst qucrtgr hj tmg

ygcr. Rgbhidky, jurtmgr gepmcs`s `s put hi tmg suppky

hj mhus`ia, gspgb`ckky hi tmg suppky hj khw- cid

egd`ue-bhst, seckk cid egd`ue-s`zgd cpcrtegits.

Vmgiazmhu Rmgiycia]`ci Bmciasmc Bmciabmui

Kcizmhu Au`ycia Bmhiaq`iaMummht

Rm`f`czmucia P`ibmuci]`i`ia

Icii`iaMcrl`i

Ouie`ia

QumciBmgiadu

Wrueq`

Mgjg`

F`ici

S`iadch

Icif`ia

]`cegi

I`ialh

JuzmhuT`cif`i

Dck`ci

Auciazmhu

Mciazmhu

Mc`ohu

Tc`yuci

Rmgizmgi

Lg`f`ia

Rmciamc`

Rmgizmgi

J`aurg

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TMG RTCTG HJ BM@ICR B@T@GR 3, Bm`ic

mcs shkvgd mhus`ia prhlkges jhr igcrky .42 e`kk`hi ui`ts hj urlci

shb`ck mhus`ia lgaci `i 33 cid 4.2< e`kk`hi ui`ts

wgrg bhepkgtgd `i tmg sceg ygcr.

Mhwgvgr, dug th tmg kcrag phpukct`hi `i Bm`ic

cid tmg rcp`d `ibrgcsg hj ci urlci phpukct`hi, tmg

mhus`ia bhid`t`his rgec`is phhr jhr urlci khw-`ibheg

mhusgmhkds, smcity crgc rgs`dgits, igwky-gepkhygd

whrogrs, studgits arcduct`ia jrhe bhkkgags cid

ui`vgrs`t`gs, cid rurck e`arcit whrogrs. Th eggt tmg`r

lcs`b iggd hj mhus`ia mcs lgbheg ci uragit tcso.

Ly tmg gid hj 3>, tmgrg wgrg st`kk hvgr e`kk`hiurlci khw-`ibheg mhusgmhkds cid c seckk cehuit

hj mhusgmhkds ct tmg khwgr e`ddkg `ibheg kgvgk k`v`ia

`i tmg cpcrtegits w`tm phhr cid `isujj`b`git jcb`k`t`gs,

`ibkud`ia hvgr 3> e`kk`hi mhusgmhkds k`v`ia `i tmg smcity

crgcs. Tmg smcity crgcs wgrg brhwdgd w`tm smclly

mhusgs cid `isujffib`gitky gqu`ppgd o`tbmgis, sheg w`tm

bhis`dgrclkg scjgty mczcrds. Ehrghvgr, sheg igwky-

gepkhygd urlci whrogrs cid pgrecigit e`arcit

whrogrs k`vgd `i tmg lcsgegits cid v`kkcags w`tm`i tmg

b`t`gs dug th tmg`r phhr j`icib`ck s`tuct`hi cid wgco

mhus`ia pcyegit bcpcb`ty. Tm`s arhup hj pghpkg `s tmg

`ephrtcit jhrbg `i urlci gbhihe`b dgvgkhpegit cid

mgkp`ia tmge th shkvg tmg lcs`b mhus`ia prhlkge `s hjargct `ephrtcibg jhr prheht`ia gbhihe`b dgvgkhpegit

cid shb`ck stcl`k`ty.

Cbbhrd `ia th tmg 3> mhus`ia kcid suppky pkci

`ssugd ly tmg E`i`stry hj Kcid cid \gshurbgs, tmg

prhphsgd mhus`ia kcid suppky hj tmg 2> prhv`ibgs,

b`t`gs cid d`str`bts (gxbkud`ia tmg T`lgt Cuthihehus

\ga`hi) rgcbmgd clhut 3=7,>>> mgbtcrgs, w`tm c

kcrag `ibrgcsg jrhe tmg cbtuck mhus`ia kcid suppky

hj 1:,7>> mgbtcrgs `i >0 cid tmg cbtuck cvgrcag

ciiuck kcid suppky hj 74,:7> mgbtcrgs `i tmg pcst ffivg

ygcrs. Tmg suppky `ibkudgd > mgbtcrgs jhr shb`ck

mhus`ia, cbbhuit`ia jhr 32., tmg mgct`ia

egtgr`ia cid gigray bhisgrvct`hi rgihvct`hi `i tmg gx`st`ia rgs`dgit`ck lu`kd`ias `i ihrtmgri Bm`ic

bhvgrgd ci crgc hj 3:1 e`kk`hi squcrg egtgrs, gxbggd`ia tmg rgihvct`hi tcsos sgt jhr tmg Gkgvgitm J`vg-

Pgcr ^kci pgr`hd.

Gxbgrpt jrhe ^ghpkgs Dc`ky, Ecrbm 3, 33

F`uecku \hcd, ]`ciaycia D`str`bt cjtgr gigray bhisgrvct`hi

uparcd`ia

Lhx

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TMG RTCTG HJ BM@ICR B@T@GR 3 mgbtcrgs jhr mhus`ia bhistrubt`hi

`i smcity crgcs, cbbhuit`ia jhr % hj tmg thtck? cid

=>,4>> mgbtcrgs jhr egd`ue cid seckk-s`zg bheehd`ty

cpcrtegits, cbbhuit`ia jhr 44% hj tmg thtck. Tmg

pkciigd kcid suppky jhr tmgsg tmrgg typgs hj mhus`ia

cbbhuitgd jhr 11% hj tmg thtck pkciigd mhus`ia kcidsuppky. @i 3>, bhistrubt`hi lgaci hi 7.> e`kk`hi ui`ts

hj vcr`hus typgs hj shb`ck mhus`ia cid mhus`ia jhr

smcity crgc rgihvct`hi. Clhut 2.1 e`kk`hi ui`ts wgrg

bhepkgtgd, gxbggd`ia tmg ahcks css`aigd ly tmg Rtctg

Bhuib`k `i tmg lga`ii`ia hj tmg ygcr.

e`kk`hi ui`ts hj shb`ck mhus`ia cid

mhus`ia jhr smcity crgc rgihvct`hi, c rgbhrd m`am `ibrgcsg

hj hvgr 1>% jrhe tmg prgv`hus ygcr. Tmg clhvg tcsos wgrg

spgb`j`bckky css`aigd th tmg khbck ahvgriegits. Ly tmg

kcrag-sbckg bhistrubt`hi hj shb`ck mhus`ia, tmg bhvgrcag hj

urlci shb`ck mhus`ia i Bm`ic w`kk ibrgcsg th hvgr % ly

37, wm`bm w`kk lcs`bckky shkvg tmg mhus`ia prhlkges hj

urlci shb`ck mhusgmhkds, `eprhvg tmg mhus`ia bhid`t`his

hj sheg mhusgmhkds w`tm khwgr-e`ddkg `ibheg, cid mgkp

ehrg pghpkg w`tm d`jffibukt s`tuct`his th rgck`zg tmg`r drgce

hj cdgquctg mhus`ia.

Cbbhrd`ia th tmg rgqu`rgegits hj tmg Rtctg Bhuib`k

hi sulstcit`ckky `ibrgcs`ia tmg bhistrubt`hi hj shb`ck

mhus`ia, tmg E`i`stry hj Mhus`ia cid Wrlci-rurck

Dgvgkhpegit (EHMW\D), tmg Ict`hick Dgvgkhpegit

cid \gjhre Bhee`ss`hi (ID\B) cid tmg E`i`stry hj

J`icibg fh`itky `ssugd tmg Iht`bg hi Rule`tt`ia tmg

^kci cid Tcsos hj Wrlci Rhb`ck Mhus`ia hi Ihvgelgr

, prhphs`ia th crrciag tmg bhistrubt`hi hj 3>

e`kk`hi ui`ts hj shb`ck mhus`ia cid vcr`hus typgs hj

mhus`ia jhr smcity crgc rgihvct`hi, cid rgqu`r`ia khbck

ahvgriegits th cdfust tmg`r pkcis cid tcsos hi tmg

lcs`s hj tmg hr`a`ick shb`ck mhus`ia bhistrubt`hi pkci th

gisurg tmg `epkgegitct`hi hj tmg`r pkcis ct tmg b`ty cidbhuity ahvgriegit kgvgks.

Dur`ia m`s hik`ig d`sbuss`hi ct www.ahv.bi w`tm

Bm`ics igt`zgis hi Jglrucry e`kk`hi ui`ts hj shb`ck mhus`ia cid mhus`ia jhr

smcity crgc rgihvct`hi `i tmct ygcr. Tmg Rtctg Bhuib`k

supgrv`sgd tmg s`ai`ia hj tmg cbbhuitcl`k`ty carggegits

th lu`kd shb`ck mhus`ia lgtwggi tmg bgitrck cid khbck

ahvgriegits, cid pkciigd th lu`kd 2: e`kk`hi igw

shb`ck mhus`ia ui`ts w`tm`i tmg igxt ffivg ygcrs.

Tmg \gphrt hi tmg Qhro hj tmg Ahvgriegit 33

ph`itgd hut tmct6 Tm`s ygcr, tmg thtck iuelgr hj ui`ts

hj igw shb`ck mhus`ia cid ui`ts `i smcity crgcs tmctw`kk uidgrah rgihvct`hi w`kk rgcbm 3> e`kk`hi, cid 3.7

e`kk`hi d`kcp`dctgd rurck mhusgs w`kk lg rgihvctgd. Tmg

pr`hr`ty `s th dgvgkhp pulk`b rgitck mhus`ia. Tmg bgitrck

ahvgriegit `s ckkhbct`ia 3>2 l`kk`hi yuci `i tm`s ygcr's

ludagt jhr suls`d`gs th supphrt tm`s whro, ci `ibrgcsg

hj

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TMG RTCTG HJ BM@ICR B@T@GR 3>> ui`ts hj pr`bg-ffixgd bheehd`ty mhus`ia cid 4.37

e`kk`hi ui`ts `i smcity crgcs tmct w`kk uidgrah rgihvct`hi.

Ehrghvgr, tmg bgitrck ahvgriegit pkciigd th ibrgcsg tmg

iuelgr hj mhusgmhkds gifhy`ia khw-rgit mhus`ia rgitck

suls`d`gs ly :>>,>>>. Bhistrubt`hi prhfgbts tmct hiky sgt

up jgibg jcb`k`t`gs surrhuid`ia bhistrubt`hi s`tgs hr mcvg

mcd jukk hr pcrt`ck gxbcvct`hi whukd iht lg bhuitgd `i tmgthtck iuelgr hj prhfgbts cid ui`ts tmct mcvg cbtuckky lgaui

bhistrubt`hi.

Wphi prgk`e`icry bckbukct`hi, tmg bhistrubt`hi hj

shb`ck mhus`ia jhr 33 iggdgd ci `ivgstegit hj 3.2

tr`kk`hi yuci, cehia wm`bm hvgr 4>> l`kk`hi yuci jhr

tmg bhistrubt`hi hj cjjhrdclkg mhus`ia cid pr`bg-ffixgd

bheehd`ty mhus`ia wm`bm whukd lg ec`iky bhvgrgd ly

pulk`b `ivgstegit cid `ibheg tmrhuam sckgs? 7>> l`kk`hi

yuci jhr tmg rgihvct`hi hj vcr`hus typgs hj smcity crgcs

wm`bm w`kk lg supphrtgd w`tm ahvgriegit suls`d`gs,

gitgrpr `sg juidrc`s`ia cid rgs`dg it pcyegits?

cid hvgr 4>> l`kk`hi yuci jhr tmg bhistrubt`hi hj

khw-rgit mhus`ia cid pulk`b rgitck mhus`ia wm`bmw`kk lg juidgd ly ahvgriegits ct vcr`hus kgvgks,

gepkhygrs, cid `ivgstegit jrhe shb`ck `ist`tut`his.

Tmg bgitrck ahvgriegit prhv`dgd suls`d`gs hj 37

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TMG RTCTG HJ BM@ICR B@T@GR 3% hj tmgkcid jhr rgck gstctg dgvgkhpegit. Rmcidhia ^rhv`ibg

mcs cksh cdhptgd c phk`by th dgs`aictg crgcs hj kcid jhr

shb`ck mhus`ia dgvgkhpegit cid css`aigd shb`ck mhus`ia

dgvgkhpegit pkcis w`tm kcid usg pkcis.

(.3 l`kk`hi yuci rgspgbt`vgky jhr

tmg bhistrubt`hi hj shb`ck mhus`ia prhfgbts `i 3>,

w`tm tmg cbbueukct`vg `ivgstegit s`ibg >= rgcbm`ia

igcrky :7 l`kk`hi yuci. Zcr`hus khbck ahvgriegits cksh

`ssugd gitgrpr`sg lhids cid ckkhwgd quck`j`gd khbck

ffiicib`ia bhepci`gs th `ssug gitgrpr`sg lhids th rc`sg

juids jhr tmg bhistrubt`hi hj shb`ck mhus`ia prhfgbts

cid tmg`r csshb`ctgd supphrt`vg `ijrcstrubturgs. Tmg

khbck ahvgriegits mcvg tcogi prhcbt`vg egcsurgs th

`ibrgcsg tmg `ivgstegit ly ahvgriegit-kgd ecrogt

hpgrct`hi. Jhr gxcepkg, Bmhiaq`ia Eui`b`pck`ty mcs

st`pukctgd tmg j`aurg hj 7% hj tmg arhss kcid trcisjgr

jggs jhr tmg bhistrubt`hi hj shb`ck mhus`ia prhfgbts.

(2) Ck khbct`hi cid Ecicagegit. Q`tm eciy

shb`ck mhus`ia ui`ts lg`ia bhepkgtgd subbgss`vgky,

mhw th gisurg gquck ckkhbct`hi cid mhw th prgvgit

shb`ck mhus`ia ui`ts jrhe lg`ia sulkgtgd jhr prhj`t

mcs lgbheg ci `ssug hj ecfhr bhibgri cjtgr tmg

bhepkgt`hi hj mhus`ia bhistrubt`hi. Tmg cppk`bct`hi

jhr shb`ck mhus`ia ui`ts `i Lg`f`ia `ibkudgs c tmrgg-

stgp rgv`gw, tmct `ibkudg ig`amlhrmhhd cid thwism`p

rgv`gw cid pulk`b ciihuibgegit, d`str`bt cid bhuity

rg-bmgbo`ia, cid pulk`b ciihuibgegit `i tmg egd`c.Ehdgri tgbmihkhay `s usgd th bmgbo tmg rgkgvcit

`ibheg dctc tmrhuam bmciigks hj pulk`b prhv`dgit

juids, khbck tcxct`hi, shb`ck sgbur`ty, b`v`k cjjc`rs, cid

pulk`b sgbur`ty cutmhr`t`gs. Dctc gxbmciag `s bcrr`gd

hut hi tmg brgd`t ecicagegit pkctjhre th bmgbo

cid vgr`jy `ibheg, gx`st`ia mhus`ia hwigrsm`p, cid

htmgr rgkgvcit `ijhrect`hi hj tmg cppk`bcits. T`cif`i,

Mglg`, Bmhiaq`ia, cid F`ciasu mcvg cksh tr`gd th

usg vcr`hus d`rgbt cid `id`rgbt egcsurgs th trutmjukky

rgjkgbt tmg j`icib`ck bhid`t`his hj tmg cppk`bcits.

T`cif`i Eui`b`pck`ty mcs gvgi tr`gd th bhidubt ihi-

k`t`a`hus cde`i`strct`vg gxgbut`hi hi v`hkcthrs tmrhuam

bhhpgrct`hi w`tm fud`b`ck cutmhr`t`gs, wm`bm dgbrgcsgdtmg v`hkct`hi rctg jrhe 3.>0% `i >= th >.>2% `i

33. @i cdd`t`hi th tmg prhlkge hj ckkhbct`hi, shb`ck

mhus`ia cksh jcbgs tmg prhlkge hj ecicagegit.

Burrgitky tmgrg crg twh `dgcs hi tmg ecicagegit

hj shb`ck mhus`ia prhpgrt`gs6 Tmg j`rst hig `s tmg

bhel`ict`hi w`tm bheeui`ty ecicagegit cid tmg

sgbhid hig `s us`ia tmg ac`is jrhe tmg csshb`ctgd

supphrt`vg bheehd`ty mhus`ia th suls`d`zg tmg

prhpgrty ecicagegit bhst.

Vmhiathia E`iasm` F`cyuci Bheeui`ty, Ruq`ci

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TMG RTCTG HJ BM@ICR B@T@GR 3 e`kk`hi yuci, w`tm tmg thtck pkciigd lu`kd`ia crgc hj ,>>> squcrg egtgrs cid hvgr

2,7>> ui`ts hj pulk`b rgitck mhus`ia. Twh pr`vctg bhepci`gs fh`igd tmg bhistrubt`hi tgce hj tmg prharce cs

`ivgsthrs w`tm tmg`r `ivgstegit gxbggd`ia :>> e`kk`hi yuci. Tmg prharce `itgarctgd tmg `ivgstegit hj Mc`x`

B`ty @ivgstegit Bh., Ktd. uidgr tmg S`iadch eui`b`pck ahvgriegit, cid twh strhia pr`vctg bhepci`gs hj

S`iadch \u`yuci Gia`iggr`ia Arhup Bh., Ktd., cid Rmcidhia ]`iamuc Bhistrubt`hi Arhup Bh., Ktd. @t wcs

rgphrtgd tmct tmgsg twh pr`vctg bhepci`gs wgrg rgsphis`lkg jhr tmg thtck dgvgkhpegit crgc hj 3=>,>>> squcrg

egtgrs, cbbhuit`ia jhr 17% hj tmg thtck qucit`ty. @i hrdgr th cttrcbt pr`vctg bcp`tck th `ivgst `i tmg bhistrubt`hi

hj pulk`b rgitck mhus`ia, S`iadch

`ssugd rgkgvcit dhbuegits `ibkud`ia

tmg Iht`bg hi \gkgvcit ^rgjgrgit`ck

Tcxct`hi ^hk`b`gs th Rupphrt tmg

Bhistrubt`hi cid Hpgrct`hi hj ^ulk`b

\gitck Mhus`ia `i 3>, cid arcitgdprgjgrgit`ck phk`b`gs hi vcr`hus tcxgs

`ibkud`ia kcid-usg tcx bhibgrigd `i tmg

bhistrubt`hi cid hpgrct`hi hj pulk`b

rgitck mhus`ia. Tmg Iht`bg hi \gkgvcit

@ssugs hj Juid Wsg cid Ecicagegit

jhr Rhb`ck Mhus`ia ^rharces `ssugd

kctgr cksh ckkhwgd tmg igt `ibheg jrhe

kcid trcisjgr cid tmg bcp`tck ac`is jrhe

mhus`ia prhv`dgit juids th lg usgd

jhr tmg dgvgkhpegit hj pulk`b rgitck

mhus`ia.]`ici ^ulk`b \gitck Mhus`ia ^rhfgbt ct S`iadch Gbhihe`b cid

Tgbmihkha`bck Dgvgkhpegit Vhig

^rcbt`bgs hj tmg Khbck Ahvgriegits

Lhx

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TMG RTCTG HJ BM@ICR B@T@GR 3=

ciihuibgd ly tmg eui`b`pck stct`st`bs lurgcu? cid igvgr mcv`ia cppk`gd jhr cjjhrdclkg mhus`ia hr

gbhihe`bck rgitck mhus`ia.

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, tmg prhphrt`hi hj b`t`gs w`tm c`r

quck`ty gquck th hr clhvg Arcdg @ stcidcrd dgbrgcsgd

jrhe 4.>, tmg Rtctg Giv`rhiegitck ^rhtgbt`hi

Cde`i`strct `hi rgv`sgd Cel`git C`r Suck`ty Rtcidcrds

(AL 2>07-300:) ly rgehv`ia tmg IH] `id`bcthr cid

`ibrgcs`ia tmg cvgrcag ygcrky bg`k`ia jhr Arcdg @@

stcidcrd IH07-3

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,

wm`bm spgb`ffigs tmg thtck ge`ss`his vhkueg hj ecfhr c`r

phkkutcits cs wgkk cs systge k`bgis`ia? tmg systge hj

`ephs`ia d`sbmcrag jggs lcsgd hi typgs cid cehuit hjc`r phkkutcits d`sbmcragd, cid tmg systge hj rgkgcs`ia

rgphrts hi tmg stctg hj ctehspmgr`b giv`rhiegit quck`ty.

@i rgbgit ygcrs, shb`ck `ivhkvgegit pkcys ci

`ibrgcs`iaky `ephrtcit rhkg `i giv`rhiegitck quck`ty

ehi`thr`ia. Tmg lrgcdtm, dgptm, cid strgiatm hj pulk`b

pcrt`b`pct`hi `i c`r quck`ty ehi`thr`ia bhit`iug th arhw.

Tmg rhkg hj tmg pulk`b th dr`vg tmg `eprhvgegit hj

cel`git c`r quck`ty `s jukky rgjkgbtgd `i tmg ehvg hj

cdd`ia ^E07-3

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.7 l`kk`hi,

`ibrgcs`ia ly 377% bhepcrgd th >7? jcb`k`t`gs jhr

urlci wctgr suppky, wcstg wctgr trgcteg it, shk`d

wcstg ecicagegit, acs suppky, mgct`ia jugk suppky,

trcisphrtct`hi, pcros cid urlci arggi spcbg wgrg

s`ai`j`bcitky uparcdgd cid quck`ty hj k `v`ia wcs

bhit`iuhusky eprhvgd.

2., urlci wctgr

suppky qucit`ty wcs 7>.10 l`k k `hi bul`b egtgrs,

`ibrgcs`ia ly hiky 3.7. @i tmg

egcit`eg, tmg urlci wctgr suppky p`pgk`ig igtwhro

rgcbmgd c kgiatm hj 74>,>>> oe, 3:>,>>> oe khiagr

tmci tmct hj >7. Tmg j`vg ygcrs jrhe >7 th 3>

w`tigssgd tmg ehst rcp`d arhwtm hj tmg wctgr suppky

p`pgk`ig igtwhro s`ibg tmg pgr`hd hj rgjhre cid

hpgi`ia-up. Tmcios th tmg gxpcis`hi hj tmg wctgr

suppky p`pgk`igs, ehrg surrhuid`ia crgcs `itgarctgd

tmg`r wctgr suppky igtwhros w`tm tmhsg `i tmg urlci

bgitgrs.

Qctgr drc`icag. Wrlci wcstgwctgr bhkkgbt`hi

cid trgctegit bcpcl`k`ty mcs cksh lggi bhis`dgrclky

`eprhvgd. @i 3>, tmg kgiatm hj urlci drc`icag

p`pgs `i Bm`ic rgcbmgd 21>,>>> oe, cid wcstgwctgr

trgctegit bcpcb`ty gxbggdgd 3>>,>>>,>>> e2/dcy. Tmg

wcstgwctgr trgctegit rct`h rgcbmgd =% bhepcrgd th tmg j`aurg `i >7. Mhwgvgr,

tmgrg rgec`i s`ai`ffibcit prhlkges, subm cs uilckcibgd

rga`hick dgvgkhpegit hj wcstg wctgr trgctegit jcb`k`t`gs

bhistrubt`hi, rgkct`vgky khw hpgrct`hi hj sheg trgctegit

jcb`k`t`gs, cid bhepcrct`vgky skhw bhistrubt`hi h j

csshb`ctgd prhfgbts jhr p`pgk`ig igtwhros.

Acs cid mgct suppky. Bm`ics urlci acs bhisuept`hi

strubturg wcs `i`t`ckky gstclk`smgd cs c icturck acs igtwhro.

Mhwgvgr, `isujffib`git icturck acs suppky mcs lgbheg tmg

lhttkgigbo jhr urlci acs `idustry dgvgkhpegit. @i 3>,

icturck acs suppky wcs up th 4=.1: l`kk`hi e2, cbbhuit`ia

jhr 74.7% hj tmg thtck acs suppky. Tmg bhvgrcag hj urlci

bgitrck mgct`ia mcs gxpcidgd rcp`dky, kgcd`ia th ci

`ibrgcs`iaky kcragr prgssurg hi uppgr-strgce gigray

suppky. Dur`ia tmg Gkgvgitm J`vg-Pgcr ^kci pgr`hd, bgitrck

mgct`ia crgcs `i Bm`ic `ibrgcsgd jrhe 7 th 4.2: l`kk`hi e2

i 3>, ci ibrgcsg hj 12%.Giv`rhiegitck sci`tct`hi. Ihi-mczcrdhus urlci

wcstg trgctegit jcb`k`t`gs mcvg dgvgkhpgd rcp`dky. Lut

tmg prhlkges hj `isujffib`git trgctegit bcpcb`ty cid khw

wcstg-th-gigray ut`k`zct`hi st`kk gx`st. Cs hj 3>, tmgrg

wgrg :>> this/dcy, cid c

trgctegit rctg hj 11.0%. Rci`tcry kcidffikk `s tmg ecfhr

trgctegit egtmhd cdhptgd `i Bm`ic ct burrgit stcag,

cbbhuit`ia jhr 14.=% hj thtck trgctegit bcpcb`ty.

\hcd trcisphrtct`hi. Bm`ics urlci rhcd trcisphrt

systge mcs cksh lggi arcduckky `eprhvgd. Mhwgvgr,

tmg rhcd igtwhro strubturg `s iht qu`tg sct`sjcbthry.

@i 3>, tmg kgiatm hj urlci rhcds `i Bm`ic rgcbmgd

L`bybkg jhr rgitck i

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oe w`tm ci crgc hj 7,,>>>,>>> e, tmg crgc hj urlci arggi spcbg `i Bm`ic wcs

>> mgbtcrgs, `ibrgcs`ia ly 47.4% bhepcrgd th

>7? vgagtct`hi bhvgrcag i tmg urlci lu`kt-up crgcs wcs

2=.:%? tmg pgr bcp`tc pcro kcid crgc wcs 33.3= e ict`hick acrdgi b`t`gs,1 ict`hick acrdgi

urlci d`str`bts, :3 ict`hick acrdgi bhuit`gs, 37 ict`hick

acrdgi thwis, cid :) `i k`ig w`tm

`itgrict`hick prcbt`bg, wm`bm wgrg jukky `epkgegitgd jrhe

Fuky 3, 3,

thtck e`kgcag hj urlci rc`k trcis`t `i Bm`ic mcs rgcbmgd

3,4

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2> TMG RTCTG HJ BM@ICR B@T@GR 30, c icturck acs

bhit`iagiby pkci wcs `i`t`ctgd `i ]`ci, Qumci,

Bmhiaq`ia, P`bmcia, Icif`ia, Pciazmhu, Mciazmhu,

cid \`zmch dug th acs smhrtcag. Ct tmg lga`ii`ia

hj 3>, cs c w`dg swctm hj sihwsthres m`t Lg`f`ia,

T`cif`i, Mglg`, @iigr Ehiahk`c cid ihrtmgri Rmcidhia,

trcisphrtct`hi `ijrcstrubturg wcs sgr`husky `epc`rgd cid

cihtmgr icturck acs suppky gegragiby rgsuktgd. Tmgecfhr rhutg th shkv`ia tmg acs smhrtcag`ssug `s th

cickyzg tmg icturck acs suppky egbmci`se, strgiatmgi

acs suppky p`pgk`ig bhistrubt`hi, `eprhvg acs sthrcag

cid pgco rgaukct`hi bcpcl`k`ty, cid hpt`e`zg tmg pr`b`ia

systge. Wrlci mgct suppky cksh jcbgs s`e`kcr gigray

suppky prhlkges. Widgr tmg burrgit dgvgkhpegit

giv`rhiegit, pr`bg `ibrgcsgs hj uppgr-strgce gigray

(bhck, gtb.) `s tmg ecfhr r`so jcbgd ly tmg urlci mgct

suppky `idustry. Jrhe >: th 3>, tmg cvgrcag bhck

pr`bg `ibrgcsgd ly 14%, wm`bm put c rgkct`vgky kcrag

bhst prgssurg hi mgct suppky j`res. Rcjgaucrd`ia

uppgr-strgce gigray suppky, prheht`ia mgct egtgr`ia

rgjhre cid `eprhv`ia mgct suppky gjj`b`giby mcvglgbheg tmg ecfhr pr`hr`t`gs jhr tmg git`rg `idustry.

O`tbmgi wcstg d`sphsck mcs gxpgr`gibgd rgaukcr`zgd

cid gjj`b`git dgvgkhpegit. @i rgbgit ygcrs, ehrg cid

ehrg b`t`gs mcvg lgaui th gepmcs`zg tmg ecicagegit

hj o`tbmgi wcstg. Tmgy mcvg tr`gd th `eprhvg tmg rgbybk`ia

rct`h hj o`tbmgi wcstg cid cvh`d tmg rgburrgibg hj auttgr

h`k _ Auttgr h`k rgjgrs th vcr`hus typgs hj rgbybkgd bhho`ia

h`k cid rgpgctgd usg hj dggp jry`ia h`k. U ct tmg tclkg

tmrhuam `eprhv`ia rgkgvcit ecicagegit egbmci`ses

cid lu` kd`ia o` tbmgi w cstg d`sphsck pkcits. Ct

prgsgit, Lg`f`ia, Rmciamc`, Bmhiaq`ia, Rmgizmgi,

]`i`ia, Ruzmhu, P`ibmuci, Bmciasmc, Ouie`ia, cid

Rm`f`czmucia mcvg ckk rgkgcsgd ecicagegit rukgs

hr rgaukct`his bhibgri`ia o`tbmgi wcstg. Mhwgvgr,

tmg prhlkges hj`igjjgbt`vg `epkgegitct`hi hj khbck

ecicagegit rgaukct`his, d`jj`bukt o`tbmgi wcstg

bhkkgbt`hi, uishpm`st`bctgd tgbmi`bck rhutgs, cid khw

wcstg-th-gigray bhivgrs`hi rct`hst`kk gx`st.Argct cbm`gvgegits mcvg lggi ecdg `i tmg

dgvgkhpegit hj urlci pcros cid pulk`b arggi spcbgs

cid tmg scv`ia hj kcid cid wctgr. Ly tmg gid hj

33, tmg rhhjthp arggi`ia crgc `i Lg`f`ia gxbggdgd

3.7 e`kk`hi e, w`tm`i fust kgss tmci c

ygcr, c

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23TMG RTCTG HJ BM@ICR B@T@GR 3% rgspgbt`vgky, cid ut`k`zct`hirctg hj rgbybkgd wctgr jrhe urlci wcstgwctgr trgctegit

jcb`k`t`gs rgcbmgs hvgr 37% tmrhuam subm egcsurgs

cs strgiatmgi`ia urlci wcstgwctgr supphrt`ia p`pg

igtwhro bhistrubt`hi, `eprhv`ia wcstgwctgr trgctegit

bcpcl`k`ty, uparcd`ia cid trcisjhrect`hi hj wcstgwctgr

trgctegit pkcits, cid prheht`ia tmg rgusg hj rgbybkgd

wctgr.

\hcd trcisphrt. Cbbhrd`ia th tmg Twgkjtm J`vg-

Pgcr ^kci jhr tmg Bheeui`bct`his cid Trcisphrtct`hi

Dgvgkhpegit, dur`ia tmg Twgkjtm J`vg-Pgcr ^kci pgr`hd,

Bm`ic w`kk strgiatmgi tmg pkcii`ia jhr tmg k`iocag

lgtwggi tmg `itgrb`ty rc`k systges cid pcssgiagr

trcisphrt muls, cid prhehtg jurtmgr k`iocag cehia

`itgrb`ty rc`k trcisphrt, urlci rc`k trcisphrt cid urlci

pulk`b trcisphrtct`hi systges? lu`kd bhepkgtg cid

`itgarctgd trcisphrt pkcii`ia systges th `itgarctg tmg

pkcii`ia jhr bhhrd`ict`ia cid jhr vcr`hus trcisphrt

ehdgs cid tmg`r bhiigbt`hi w`tm urlci trcisphrt

systges cs c wmhkg? bcrry hut pr`hr`t`zgd dgvgkhpegit

strctga`gs jhr pulk`b trcisphrt, dgvgkhp urlci pulk`b

trcisphrt systges, lu`kd up eukt`-kcygr cid d`jjgrgit`ctgd

pulk`b trcisphrt sgrv`bg igtwhros, cid gstclk`sm

bhivgi`git, gjffib`git, `itgkk`agit cid arggi urlci pulk`b

trcisphrt systges.

Giv`rhiegitck sci`tct`hi. Cbbhrd`ia th tmg Ict`hick

^kci jhr tmg Bhistrubt`hi hj Wrlci Dhegst`b Acrlcag

Mczcrd-jrgg Trgctegit Jcb`k`t`gs (3337), dur`ia

tmg Twgkjtm J`vg-Pgcr ^kci pgr`hd, Bm`ic w`kk cbbgkgrctg

tmg trgctegit jcb`k`t`gs bhistrubt`hi, `eprhvg tmg

bhkkgbt`hi, trcisjgr, cid trcisphrt systges, rgdubg tmg

acrlcag sthbop`kg, prhehtg tmg bkcss`j`gd trgctegit

hj o`tbmgi wcstg cid mhusgmhkd acrlcag, sh cs th

rgck`zg tmg jhkkhw`ia hlfgbt`vgs6 @i eui`b`pck`t`gs d`rgbtky

uidgr tmg Bgitrck Ahvgriegit, prh v`ib`ck bcp`tck

b`t`gs cid b`t`gs uidgr sgpcrctg stctg pkcii`ia, jukk-

sbckg mczcrd-jrgg dhegst`b acrlcag trgctegit w`kk lg

rgck`zgd? `i htmgr b`t`gs, tmg ihi-mczcrdhus trgctegit

rctg jhr dhegst`b acrlcag w`kk rgcbm hvgr 0>%? ckkbhuit`gs w`kk lu`kd tmg`r bcpcl`k`t`gs th giacag `i ihi-

mczcrdhus wcstg trgctegit, cid tmg`r ihi-mczcrdhus

trgctegit rctg jhr dhegst`b acrlcag w`kk lg hvgr 1>%?

tmg bcpcb`ty hj dhegst`b wcstg `ib`igrct`hi jcb`k`t`gs w`kk

cbbhuit jhr ehrg tmci 27% hj tmg thtck ihi-mczcrdhus

trgctegit bcpcb`ty `i b`t`gs cid thwis? cid clhut

7>% hj b`t`gs w`kk `i`t`ckky rgck`zg bkcss`j`gd bhkkgbt`hi,

trcisphrt, cid d`sphsck hj o`tbmgi wcstg, w`tm c tcragt

trgctegit bcpcb`ty hj 2>,>>> this/dcy.

^cros cid pulk`b arggi spcbg. Cbbhrd`ia th tmg

Twgkjtm J`vg-Pgcr ^kci jhr Jhrgstry Dgvgkhpegit,

Bm`ic w`kk v`ahrhusky kcuibm tmg bhistrubt`hi hj arggi

lgkts crhuid b`t`gs, surrhuid`ia thwis cid v`kkcags, cidarggi spcbg i hraci`zct`his bhurtycrds cid rgs`dgit`ck

qucrtgrs? prhehtg tmg vgrt`bck cid rhhjthp arggi`ia cid

tmg bhistrubt`hi hj arggi pcro`ia khts, sh cs th prhv`dg

rgbrgct`hick cid sui-smgktgr`ia spcbg jhr urlci cid

rurck rgs`dgits. Tmg vgagtct`hi bhvgrcag hj urlci lu`kt-

up crgcs w`kk rgcbm 20%. Tmg pgr bcp`tc pulk`b arggi

spcbg w`kk rgcbm 33.< e

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2< TMG RTCTG HJ BM@ICR B@T@GR 3

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22TMG RTCTG HJ BM@ICR B@T@GR 3% hj b`t`gs cid hvgr 7>% hj tmg

phpukct`hi crg d`str`lutgd `i rga`his sgr`husky cjjgbtgd

ly icturck d`scstgrs, `ibkud`ia egtghrhkha`bck d`scstgrs,

gcrtmqucogs, aghkha`bck, cid ecr`ig d`scstgrs.

Cbbhrd`ia th stct`st`bs hj E`i`stry hj B`v`k Cjjc`rs, jrhe

3002 th >0, d`rgbt gbhihe`b khssgs bcusgd ly icturck

d`scstgrs hi cvgrcag cbbhuitgd jhr clhut

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24 TMG RTCTG HJ BM@ICR B@T@GR 32,>>> pghpkg d`gd hr wgrg e`ss`ia cid

tmg d`rgbt gbhihe`b khss cehuitgd th 2, Rhiamuc \`vgr phkkut`hi `i >7, lkug ckacg

prhk`jgrct`hi `i Tc`mu Kcog `i >1, cid tmg l`a ffirg `i

F`iaci D`str`bt, Rmciamc`, `i 3>. Tmgsg cbb`dgits

`id`bctg tmg `isujffib`giby hj prgpcrct`hi cid bcpcb`ty hjsheg b`t`gs th rgsphid suddgi cbb`dgits cid d`scstgrs.

4.3.2 Eukt`pkg d`scstgr-bcus`ia jcbthrs cid tmg

bmckkgiag hj urlci pulk`b sgbur`ty

Tmg eukt`pkg d`egis`his hj d`scstgr-bcus`ia jcbthrs

ecogs d`scstgrs ehrg mczcrdhus, kgcd`ia th c ehrg

bhepk`bctgd s`tuct`hi jhr urlci pulk`b sgbur`ty. Jhr

gxcepkg, `i 3>, tmgrg wgrg c thtck hj

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27TMG RTCTG HJ BM@ICR B@T@GR 3

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2: TMG RTCTG HJ BM@ICR B@T@GR 3 ecai`tudg gcrtmqucog hi tmg \`bmtgr sbckg rg-strubo tmg

Khiaegismci jcukt, wmgrg tmg Qgibmuci Gcrtmqucog hbburrgd. Tmg gcrtmqucog gp`bgitgr wcs khbctgd i F`gz`

Thwi, Bmhiazmhu B`ty, Bmgiadu Eui`b`pck`ty, cid tmg gcrtmqucog cksh cjjgbtgd htmgr rgkctgd rga`his ckhia

tmg jcukt, wm`bm kgd th tmg bhkkcpsg hj lu`kd`ias, dcecag th rhcds cid lr`dags, cid rgqu`rgd c kcrag iuelgr

hj whuidgd pghpkg th lg trcisjgrrgd hut hj tmg cjjgbtgd crgcs. Cbbhrd`ia th tmg dr`kk crrciagegit, tmg wmhkgprhbgss wcs d`v`dgd `ith jhur stcags6 MS dgb`s`hi-eco`ia cid dgpkhyegit, actmgr`ia hj rg`ijhrbgegits,

cid rgsbug cid bhibkus`hi cssgssegit. Dur`ia tmg wmhkg dr`kk prhbgss, tmg gxgrb`sgs `i tmg ecfhr dr`kk

rga`hi wgrg jhbusgd hi 1 k`jg-scv`ia `tges6 lu`kd`ia hj bmciigks jhr gegragiby bheeui`bct`hi cid k`jgk`igs,

rgsbug hj pgrshis jrhe bhkkcpsgd strubturgs, c`r rgsbug, wctgr rgsbug, d`sphsck hj mczcrdhus bmge`bcks, ffirgs

cid gxpkhs`his, gegragiby rgpc`r th phwgr cid bheeui`bct`hi systges, cid gvcbuct`hi, rgkhbct`hi, cid

sgttkgegit hj tmg cjjgbtgd pulk`b. Tmg suls`d`cry dr`kk rga`hi wcs khbctgd `i F`uk`ia Thwi, F`ciayhu B`ty, cid

S`iap`ia Z`kkcag, E`cizmu B`ty, wmgrg rgsphisg th sgbhidcry d`scstgrs wgrg bcrr`gd hut, `ibkud`ia gk`e`ict`hi

hj r`sos jrhe kcidsk`dgs cid lrhogi dces, cid bhit`iagiby rgtrgct jrhe cjtgrsmhbos cid htmgr aghkha`bck

d`scstgrs. @i tm`s dr`kk, ehst cjtgrsmhbos cid htmgr phst-gcrtmqucog phtgit`ck sgbhidcry d`scstgrs wgrg `ibkudgd,

hraci`zct`his ct tmg prhv`ibg, b`ty, bhuity, v`kkcag cid bhuitrys`dg kgvgks wgrg `ivhkvgd, cid tmg pcrt`b`pcits

bhis`stgd hj pcrty egelgrs, ahvgriegit pgrshiigk, e`k`tcry pgrshiigk, cid studgits. @t wcs tmg kcragst

`itgarctgd d`scstgr prgvgit`hi cid rgk`gj dr`kk i R`bmuci.

Cjtgr hlsgrvia tmg dr`kk, Z bg ^rgegr Mu` K`ciayu ecdg c sueecry spggbm cid mg ph`itgd hut tmct Bm`ic

wcs hig hj tmg whrst icturck d`scstgr-prhig bhuitr`gs `i tmg whrkd. @i tmg prcbt`bg hj prhtgbt`ia cac`ist vcr`hus

typgs hj bctcstrhpmgs, `i cbbhrdcibg w`tm tmg dgb`s`his cid dgpkhyegit hj tmg B^B cid tmg Rtctg Bhuib k, cid

lcsgd hi tmg rgck t gs, Bm`ic mcs gstclk smgd tmg juidcegitck ahck hj mueci-hr`gitgd ahcks cid pr`hr`ty jhr tmg

pghpkgs k vgk mhhd? `eprhvgd tmg egbmci`se hj ui`ffigd au`dcibg cid bhhrd`ictgd cbt hi? dgffiigd tmg lcs`b pr`ib`pkg

hj rgaukctgd cid hrdgrky prheht`hi `i cbbhrdcibg w`tm tmg kcw? smcpgd tmg `ephrtcit bhibgpts hj jhbus`ia hi

prgvgit hi cid bhel`i`ia prgvgit hi w`tm rgk gj? dgtgre`igd tmg ahck hj dgecid-hr`gitct hi cid sb`git ffib bhitrhk?

`eprhvgd tmg whro`ia ehdg hj e k tcry-b`v k fh`it prgvgit hi cid pulk b prgvgit hi cid bhitrhk? cid gxpkhrgd c rhutg

hj d`scstgr prgvgit hi cid rgdubt hi w`tm Bm`igsg bmcrcbtgr`st bs. @i bhp`ia w`tm tmg Qgibmuci Gcrtmqucog, Bm`ics

d`scstgr prgvgit hi, dcecag rgdubt hi, cid rgs`stcibg cid rgbhvgry bcpcl k t gs mcvg uidgrahig c ecfhr tgst cid

c bheprgmgis`vg gxce`ict hi. Gcrtmqucog prgpcrgdigss, d`scstgr rgk gj, phst-d`scstgr rgbhvgry, cid rgbhistrubt hi

mcvg rgcbmgd argct subbgss, wm`bm mcs brgctgd c e`kgsthig `i tmg m`sthry hj d`scstgr prgvgit`hi cid rgk`gj hi

c akhlck sbckg. Ct prgsgit, c sgburg, bhitgitgd, mcrehi`hus cid prhspgrhus ctehspmgrg mcs gegragd `i tmg

gcrtmqucog-str`bogi rga`his.

Tmg egd`bck stcjj crg rgsbu`ia tmg whuidgd ct tmg dr`kk ycrd hj mczcrdhus bmge`bcks

gxpkhs`hi. Tcogi ly K` S`chq`ch, c fhurick`st jrhe ]`imuc Igws Cagiby.

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21TMG RTCTG HJ BM@ICR B@T@GR 32, cjtgr tmg suddgi lurst hj RC\R, tmg

Rtctg Bhuib`k rgkgcsgd tmg \gaukct`hi hi tmg Wragit

Mcidk`ia hj ^ulk`b Mgcktm Gegragib`gs `eegd`ctgky,

wm`bm prhv`dgd c kgack egcis jhr gjjgbt`vgky rgsphid`ia

th RC\R ly tmct t`eg. @t s`ai`ffigs tmg jcbt tmct rgsphisgs

th pulk`b mgcktm gegragib`gs mcvg lggi put hith tmg

kgack trcbo cid mcidk`ia egbmci`se hj pulk`b mgcktm

gegragib`gs mcs lggi jurtmgr `eprhvgd.

Hi Fciucry =, >:, tmg Rtctg Bhuib`k gicbtgd tmg

Agigrck Bhit`iagiby ^kci jhr ^ulk`b Gegragib`gs,

wm`bm bkgcrky dgffiigd tmg arcdgs cid bctgahr`gs hj pulk`b

gegragib`gs cid bhit`iagiby jrcegwhros cid prgsbr`lgd

tmg hraci`zct`hi systge cid whro`ia egbmci`se jhr tmg

Rtctg Bhuib`k th rgsphid th gxtrchrd`icr`ky ecfhr pulk`b

gegragib`gs. @t `s c ihrect`vg dhbuegit th au`dg tmg

prgvgit`hi hj cid rgsphisg th vcr`hus typgs hj pulk`b

gegragib`gs, `id`bct`ia tmg `i`t`ck gstclk`smegit hj

jrcegwhro jhr bhit`iagiby pkcis i Bm`ic.

@i Cpr`k >:, Agigrck Hjffibg hj tmg Rtctg Bhuib`k sgt

up tmg gegragiby ecicagegit hjj`bg (Agigrck Duty

Hjffibg hj tmg Rtctg Bhuib`k), tco`ia bmcrag hj dc`ky whro `i

bhit`iagiby ecicagegit cid agigrck duty whro hj tmg

Rtctg Bhuib`k, pgrjhre`ia tmg juibt`his hj duty hlsgrvct`hi

jhr gegragiby, `ijhrect`hi bhkkgbt`hi cid `itgarctgd

bhhrd`ict`hi cid pkcy`ia tmg rhkg cs ci hpgrct`hi mul.

Cjtgrwcrds, gegragiby ecicagegit hjffibgs `i prhv`ibgs,b`t`gs d`rgbtky uidgr bgitrck ahvgriegit cid cuthihehus

rga`his bceg `ith lg`ia subbgss`vgky.

Tmg Gegragiby \gsphisg Cbt `epkgegitgd s`ibg

Ihvgelgr 3, >1 puts jhrwcrd tmctci gegragiby

ecicagegit egbmci`se jhbus`ia hi bgitrc k`zgd

kgcdgrsm`p, `itgarctgd bhhrd`ict`hi, b kcss` j `gd

ecicagegit, kcygrgd rgsphis`l`k`ty cid khbck`zgd

ecicagegitsmckk lg gstclk`smgd? tmg pr`ib`pkg jhr

gegragiby rgsphisg smckk lgprgvgit`hi `i tmg j`rst

pkcbg cid bhel`ict`hi hj prgvgit`hi cid bhit`iagiby

ecicagegit,`i wm`bm bkgcr rgsphis`l`k`t`gs mcvg lggi

ecdg jhr bgitrck cid khbck ahvgriegits th rgsphid

th gegragib`gs. Tmg Gegragiby \gsphisg Cbt `s ci`ephrtcit kcw jhr rgaukcr`z`ia lcs`b pr`ib`pkg hj gegragiby

rgsphisg cbt`v`t`gs cid htmgr bhitgits `ibkud`ia

prgvgit`hi cid bhit`iagiby prgpcrct`hi, ehi`thr`ia cid

gcrky wcri`ia, bhit`iagiby d`sphsck cid rgsbug, gx-phst

rgbhvgry cid rgbhistrubt`hi, gtb.

Ct prgsgit, eciy b t gs i Bmic mcvg sgt upGegragiby

Ecicagegit HjffibghrBhitiagiby Bhee`ttgg jhr ^ulk b

Gegragib`gs,wm`bm `s rgsphis`lkg jhr bhhrd`ict`ia cid

au`d`ia tmg prgvgit`hi, gcrky wcri`ia, dr`kk`ia, bhit`iagiby

rgsphisg, `ivgst`act`hi cid cssgssegit, `ijhrect`hi

rgkgcsg, bhit`iagiby scjgaucrd`ia cid rgsbug jhr pulk`b

gegragib`gs. @i tmg juturg, ihreck`zgd gegragiby

ecicagegit smckk lg jurtmgr prhehtgd th `eprhvg tmg

prhjgss`hick bcpcb`ty hj gegragiby ecicagegit.

Lhx 4. (RGEB). RGEB s ec`iky rgsphis`lkg jhr eco`ia dgb`s`his hi ephrtcit gvgits

`ivhkvgd `i ecfhr cid gxtrchrd`icr`ky ecfhr gegragib`gs `i tmg Rmgizmgi Rpgb`ck Gbhihe`b Vhig. Tmg dc`ky cde`i`strct`vg

lhdy hj RGEB `s tmg Gegragiby Ecicagegit Hjj`bg hj Rmgizmgi Eui`b`pck ^ghpkgs Ahvgriegit cid `ts egelgr

ui`ts wm`bm `ibkudg 4= dgpcrtegits, `ibkud`ia tmg ^ulk`b`ty Dgpcrtegit hj B^B Rmgizmgi Bhee`ttgg, Dgvgkhpegit cid

\gjhre Bhee`ss`hi, Eui`b`pck Lurgcu hj Mhus`ia cid Bhistrubt`hi, Rtctg-hwigd Cssgts Rupgrv`s`hi cid Cde`i`strct`hi

Bhee`ss`hi. Tmg Gegragiby Ecicagegit Hjffibg bhis`sts hj tmg Agigrck Duty Hjffibg, Agigrck D`v`s`hi hj Bhit`iagiby kci,

Bhit`iagiby Bheecid Hjffibg, cid Rcjgty Rupgrv`s`hi D`v`s`hi.

Hraci`zct`hi Jrcegwhro hj Rmgizmgi Gegragiby Ecicagegit Hjffibg

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2= TMG RTCTG HJ BM@ICR B@T@GR 3

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20TMG RTCTG HJ BM@ICR B@T@GR 3=, tmct d`scstgr

prgvgit`hi cid rgdubt`hi smckk lgbheg bhepukshry

`i hvgrckk urlci cid rurck pkcii`ia. Hi Ihvgelgr 0-

Tmg sbhpg hj Bheprgmgis`vg Wrlci D`scstgr ^rgvgit`hi ^kci hj Muc`ici B`ty jhr >0- bhvgrs tmg

cde`i`strct vg rga`hi hj Muc`ici w`tm c thtck crgc hj

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4> TMG RTCTG HJ BM@ICR B@T@GR 3

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43TMG RTCTG HJ BM@ICR B@T@GR 3:,

arcduckky prheht`ia gquck`zct`hi hj lcs`b pulk`b

sgrv`bgsmcs lgbheg c lcs`b ahck jhr Bm`ic th lu`kd c

wgkk-hjj shb`gty `i ci ckk-rhuid wcy. Dur`ia tmg Gkgvgitm

J`vg-Pgcr ^kci pgr`hd, Bm`ics lcs`b pulk`b sgrv`bg systge

bhistrubt`hi ecdg argct cbm`gvgegits. Tmg jrcegwhrowcs tco`ia jhre jhr lcs`b pulk`b sgrv`bg systge, wm`bm `s

`i`t`ctgd ly tmg ahvgriegit cid c`egd ct scjgaucrd`ia

lcs`b k`v`ia cid dgvgkhpegit rgqu`rgegits hj ckk b`t`zgis.

Jrgg bhepukshry gdubct`hi wcs jukky `epkgegitgd.

Kclhr gepkhyegit sgrv`bg systge jhr ckk kclhr jhrbg wcs

`i`t`ckky gstclk`smgd. Rhb`ck sgbur`ty systge wcs gxpcidgd

jrhe urlci crgcs th rurck crgcs cid jrhe gepkhyggs th

rgs`dgits. Rhb`ck css`stcibg cid shb`ck wgkjcrg systge

wcs lcs`bckky jhregd. ^r`ecry egd`bck cid pulk`b mgcktm

sgrv`bg systge `i urlci cid rurck crgcs wcs arcduckky

`eprhvgd. Ict`hick gssgit`ck drua suppky systge wcs sgt

up. Rhb`ck mhus`ia prhfgbts wgrg cbbgkgrctgd cid pulk`b

bukturck jcb`k`t`gs `eprhvgd.

@i 3

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4< TMG RTCTG HJ BM@ICR B@T@GR 3, Bm`ic `ssugd tmg Egd`ue- cid Khia-tgre

Gdubct`hi \gjhre cid Dgvgkhpegit ^kci. Tmg ict`hick

gdubct hi whro eggtia put jhrwcrd tmg strctga`b hlfgbt vgs

hj lcs`bckky cttc`i`ia gdubct`hi ehdgri`zct`hi, dgvgkhp`ia

c kgcri`ia-typg shb`gty cid lgbhe`ia c strhia ict`hi w`tm

phwgrjuk mueci rgshurbgs ly . @i cbbhrdcibg w`tm

tmg rgqu`rgegits hj tmg kci, `i 3, , tmgrg wgrg thtckky 37>,4>>

o`idgracrtgis `i Bm`ic w`tm > girhkkgd bm`kdrgi

(`ibkud`ia prg-sbmhhk bm`kdrgi)? 3,1>: spgb`ck gdubct`hi

sbmhhks w`tm 4> girhkkgd studgits? > girhkkgd

studgits? ,>>> cid arhss girhkkegit rctg cttc`i`ia >> pr`vctg sbmhhks (gdubct`hi

`ist tut his) w`tm thtckky 22,0> girhkkgd studgits.

@i 3>, tmgrg wgrg 0.:7 e`kk`hi bcid`dctgs cttgid`ia

sgkj-tcuamt m`amgr gdubct`hi gxce`ict`hi cid :,>>>

studgits hltc`igd tmg`r d`pkhecs? 33,>2>,>>> bcid`dctgs

jhr ihi-burr`bukcr gdubct`hi (g.a. trc`i`ia)? 2,2>

pgrshis rgbg`vgd vcr`hus typgs hj ihi-burr`bukcr m`amgr

gdubct`hi cid 1,3> pgrshis bhepkgtgd tmg`r

gdubct`hi tmct ygcr? 7> pgrshis rgbg`vgd

vcr`hus typgs hj ihi-burr`bukcr sgbhidcry gdubct`hi cid

70,=:2,1>> pgrshis bhepkgtgd tmg`r gdubct`hi tmct ygcr.

@i tmg bhitgxt hj sbmhhk lus cbb`dgits cbrhss tmg bhuitry`i rgbgit ygcrs, tmg Rtctg Bhuib k ciihuibgd tmg \gaukct hi

hi Rbmhhk Lus Rcjgty Ecicagegit hi Cpr k 7, 3,>>>) ,>>>) 0,04>.1> 7,,>>>) 7:3.13 2763 34.0=63

^rhphrt`hi hj sbmhhks w tm tmg crgc hj sphrts ffigkd (stcd`ue) eggt ia tmg stcidcrd (%) 77.4= :0.72

Lhcrd`ia studgits (3>,>>>) 3,>2=.>= 7.42

Kgjt-lgm`id bm`kdrgi cehia girhkkgd studgits (3>,>>>) 3,4:3.10 =>0.1,>>>) =:4.2> 2>

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42TMG RTCTG HJ BM@ICR B@T@GR 30-33) hj tmg Rtctg Bhuib`k `i >0,

s`ai`ffibcit prhargss mcs lggi cbm`gvgd `i tmg jhbusgd

crgcs hj egd`bck cid mgcktm bcrg systge rgjhre.

J`rstky, c jrcegwhro jhr lcs`b egd`bck `isurcibg

systge bhvgr`ia urlci cid rurck rgs`dgits mcs lggi sgt

up. Wp th 3.2 l`kk`hi pghpkg mcvg tcogi pcrt `i tmg tmrgg

lcs`b mgcktm `isurcibgs6 tmg Lcs`b Egd`bck @isurcibg

jhr tmg Gepkhyggs, tmg Lcs`b Egd`bck @isurcibg jhr

Wrlci \gs`dgits cid tmg Igw \urck Bhhpgrct`vg

Egd`bck @isurcibg, bhvgr`ia ehrg tmci 07% hj urlci

cid rurck rgs`dgits. Tmg bhvgrcag mcs lggi gxpcidgd

jrhe sgr`hus `kkigss th e`ihr c`kegits.

Rgbhidky, tmg ict`hick gssgit`ck drua suppky systge

mcs lggi `i`t`ckky gstclk`smgd. Ckk ahvgriegit-rui

pr`ecry mgcktm bcrg `ist`tut`his mcvg `epkgegitgd tmg

zgrh cpprgb`ct`hijhr sckg hj gssgit`ck druas.

Tm`rdky, tmg pr`ecry mgcktm bcrg sgrv`bg systge

bhvgr`ia urlci cid rurck crgcs mcs lggi gssgit`ckky

bhepkgtgd. Ehrg tmci bhuity-kgvgk mhsp`tcks

cid ehrg tmci 22,>>> urlci cid rurck pr`ecry mgcktm

bcrg cid mgcktm `ist`tut`his mcvg lggi ehd`j`gd cid

`eprhvgd. Tmg bhistrubt`hi hj tmg agigrck prcbt`t`higr

systge mcs lggi kcuibmgd.

Jhurtmky, tmg gquck cbbgss th lcs`b pulk`b mgcktm

sgrv`bgs mcs lggi s`ai`j`bcitky `ibrgcsgd. Tgi lcs`b

pulk`b mgcktm sgrv`bgs subm cs jrgg vcbb`ict`hi cid

mgcktm rgbhrds crg prhv`dgd th rurck cid urlci rgs`dgits

cid tmg jukk `epkgegitct`hi hj tmg ecfhr ict`hick pulk`b

mgcktm sgrv`bgs mcs lgaui.

J`jtmky, tmg ahvgriegit mcs cbt`vgky prhehtgd tmg

rgjhre hj pulk`b mhsp`tcks cid stgcd`ky bcrr`gd hut`ist`tut`hick cid egbmci`se `iihvct`his, subm cs

sgpcrct`ia phk`t`bs jrhe pulk`b cjjc`rs, ecicagegit

jrhe hpgrct`hi, dhbthrs jrhe egd`b`igs, cid prhffit jrhe

ihiprhffit.

@i 33, tmg thtck iuelgr hj mgcktm prhjgss`hicks

`i Bm`ic wcs =,:3:,>>>? tmg iuelgr hj rga`stgrgd

(css`stcit) dhbthrs pgr 3,>>> pgrshis wcs 3.=

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44 TMG RTCTG HJ BM@ICR B@T@GR 3: th 33

J`aurg 7-2 Iuelgr hj @ipct`gits `i Egd`bck Bcrg cid

Mgcktm @ist`tut`his cid tmg Arhwtm \ctg jrhe >: th 33

Ict`hick

cvgrcag

Wrlci

crgcs

\urck

crgcs

Ehrtck`ty rctg hj bm`kdrgi kgss tmci

7 ygcrs hkd 37.: 1.3 30.3

@ijcits ehrtck`ty rctg () 3 0.4

Ehrtck`ty rctg hj prgaicit whegi

(3/3>>,>>>)0

# Bheeui`ty mgcktm sgrv`bg bgitgrs(stct`his)

2 2

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47TMG RTCTG HJ BM@ICR B@T@GR 3, ehrg Gepty Igsts (jce`k`gs

w`tmhut yhuia pghpkg),lgbhe`ia hkd lgjhrg lgbhe`ia

r`bm,thh eubm m`sthr`bck dglt, uilckcibgd dgvgkhpegit

lgtwggi urlci cid rurck crgcs cid ci `ibrgcs`iaky argct

iuelgr hj d`sclkgd cid d`sclkgd gkdgrky. Cbbhrd`ia th tmg

R`xtm Ict`hick ^hpukct`hi Bgisus `i 3>, tmg iuelgr

hj pghpkg cagd :> cid clhvg rgcbmgd 311,:7>,>>>,

cbbhuit`ia jhr 32.. Tmg iuelgr hj pghpkg cagd :7

cid clhvg rgcbmgd 33=,=2>,>>>, cbbhuit`ia jhr =.0%

hj tmg thtck phpukct`hi. Tmg hkd-cag dgpgidgiby rct`h `iBm`ic wcs 33.0%, wm`bm s`ai`ffigs c tgd`hus tcso jhr tmg

dgvgkhpegit hj tmg shb`ck sgi`hr bcrg sgrv`bg systge.

7.3.2.3 Rhb`ck sgi`hr bcrg sgrv`bg

Ly tmg gid hj 33, tmgrg wgrg 4>,=:= shb`ck wgkjcrg

`ist`tut`his jhr tmg cagd w`tm 2,72>> lgds cid 2,>>>

cagd pghpkg wgrg cdhptgd ct tmg gid hj 33? tmgrg

wgrg 30,4>1 kgack c`d bgitgrs jhr tmg gkdgrky, =4,>>> hkd

pghpkgs r`amt-scjgaucrd`ia hraci`zct`his, 4=,33: sbmhhks

jhr tmg cagd, :,>2>> girhkkgd cagd studgits cid

432,>>> rgbrgct`hi bgitgrs jhr tmg gkdgrky. Jhr tmg wmhkg

ygcr hj 33, 47=,>>> v`s`ts cid kgttgrs hj bhepkc`it wgrg

rgbg`vgd. Ckk tmgsg prhv`dg c phwgrjuk aucrcitgg jhr tmg

kgack r`amts hj sgi`hr b`t`zgis.

@i 3>, up th >> urlci rgs`dgits git`tkgd th

lcs`b k`v`ia ckkhwcibgs, `ibkud`ia 2,2=:,>>> hkd pghpkg

(cbbhuit`ia jhr 34.1%). Tmgrg wgrg 7,1:4,>>> cagd

pghpkg git`tkgd th hkd-cag ckkhwcibg.

@i 3>, mgcktm sgrv`bg jhr tmg gkdgrky wcs `ibkudgd

`ith tmg lcs`b pulk`b sgrv`bg prharce `i mgcktm bcrg

systge rgjhre. Tmg hkd pghpkg cagd ct cid clhvg :7

bhukd rgbg`vg ciiuck pmys`bck gxce`ict`hi cid mgcktm

bhuisgk`ia sgrv`bg jhr jrgg w`tm tmg ffiicib`ck `ivgstegit ly

ahvgriegit ct gcbm kgvgk. Tmgrg wgrg 71.34 e`kk`hi cagd

pghpkg wmh rgbg`vgd pmys`bck gxce`ict`hi cid sgtt`ia up

tmg`r hwi mgcktm rgbhrds.

@i Ecrbm 3>-33) (%)

Hkd pghpkg gifhy tmg`r mcppy k`jg `i I`iaauh Bheeui`ty, F`ciax` ^rhv`ibg

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4: TMG RTCTG HJ BM@ICR B@T@GR 3> e`kk`hi yuci th tmg p`kht whro cid

hkd-cag ckkhwcibg systge mcs lggi gstclk`smgd `i sgvgi

prhv`ibgs.Tmg eggt`ia rgqu`rgd tmct, ly 37, c mheg-lcsgd,

bheeui`ty-dgpgidgit cid `ist`tut`hi-supphrtgd

shb`ck sgi`hr bcrg sgrv`bg systge w`tm wgkk-dgj`igd

systge, bhepkgtg hraci`zct`hi, ehdgrctg s`zg, shuid

hpgrct`hi, gxbgkkgit sgrv`bgs, rct`hick rgaukct`hi cid

sustc`iclkg dgvgkhpegit smckk lg lcs`bckky gstclk`smgd

`i Bm`ic, wm`bm smckk lg bhrrgsphid`ia th tmg prhbgss

hj cag`ia phpukct`hi cid bhepct`lkg th tmg gbhihe`b

cid shb`ck dgvgkhpegit. Egciwm`kg, tmg ahvgriegit

smckk bcrgjukky hraci`zg cid bcrry hut cbt`v`t`gs jhr tmg

Pgcr hj ^rheht`ia tmg Dgvgkhpegit hj Rhb`ck Rgi`hr

Bcrg Rgrv`bg Rystge cid gxgbutg tmg ^rharce

th \gspgbt cid Khvg jhr tmg Gkdgrky th rgck`zg tmg

pkciigd hlfgbt`vg hj 2> lgds pgr 3,>>> hkd pghpkg `i

iurs`ia mhegs cid :.: e`kk`hi lgds `i thtck w`tm 2.4

e`kk`hi lgds igwky cddgd `i 37.

7.3.2.< Dgvgkhpegit hj shb`ck sgi`hr bcrg sgrv`bg

systge

Jrhe 33 th 37, tmg iuelgr hj hkd pghpkg

cagd hvgr :> whukd `ibrgcsg jrhe 31= e`kk`hi th

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41TMG RTCTG HJ BM@ICR B@T@GR 3, iuelgr hj

tmg cagd `i Bm`ic w`kk dhulkg tmg burrgit s`zg, wm`bm

phsgs c d`jffibukt tcso jhr juturg dgvgkhpegit.

Mhwgvgr, tmg dgvgkhpegit hj Bm`ics shb`ck sgi`hr bcrg

sgrv`bg systge `s st`kk ct tmg rud`egitcry stcag, wm`bm `s

bmcrcbtgr`zgd ly6 `isujffib`git pkcii`ia cs c wmhkg cid kcbo

hj `itgar`ty cid bhit iu`ty hj systge bhistrubt hi? `icdgquctg

bheeui`ty hkd-cag sgrv`bg cid `icdgquctg iuelgr hj lgds

`i gkdgrky iurs`ia mhegs w`tm s`ai`ffibcit bhi`bts lgtwggi

tmg dgecid cid suppky? vgry s`epkg jcb`k`t`gs w`tm s`iakg

juibt his, wm`bm `s d`jffibukt th prhv`dg eukt -juibt hick sgrv`bgs

bhvgr`ia bcr`ia, iurs`ia, egd`bck rgbhvgry, egitck supphrt,

gtb.? uirgcshiclkg kcyhut cid uilckcibgd dgvgkhpegit

cehia d`jjgrgit rga`his cid lgtwggi urlci cid rurck crgcs?

`isujj`b`git ahvgriegit `ivgstegit cid k`e`tgd pr`vctg

`ivgstegit? uiprhjgss`hick sgrv`bg tgces cid `icdgquctg

sulsgqugit supphrt jhr `idustry dgvgkhpegit? `isujj`b`git

`epkgegitct`hi hj jcvhrclkg phk`b`gs gicbtgd ly tmg stctg?

cid sgrv`bg ihres, rgaukct his cid ecrogt ehi`thr`ia th lg

strgiatmgigd, gtb.

Rtrgiatmgi`ia tmg dgvgkhpegit hj shb`ck sgi`hr bcrg

sgrv`bg systge `s c igbgsscry rhutg th trcisjhre tmg

trcd`t`hick ehdg hj sgrv`bg jhr tmg gkdgrky cid sct`sjy

tmg pghpkgs rgqu`rgegit jhr sgi`hr bcrg sgrv`bg. @t `s

vgry uragit th shkvg tmg prhlkge hj prhv`d`ia sgrv`bg

jhr tmg d`sclkgd cid mckj-d`sclkgd gkdgrky cid prhehtg

shb`ck mcrehiy cid stcl`k`ty. @t `s cksh ci gjjgbt`vg wcy

th st`eukctg bhisuept`hi cid prhehtg gepkhyegit.

Dgecids jhr bcrg cid iurs`ia ly c kcrag iuelgr hj hkd

pghpkg bhukd bhitr`lutg th tmg jhrect`hi hj c sgi`hr bcrg

sgrv`bg ecrogt. @t `s gst`ectgd tmct ly 37, tmg phtgit`ck

ecrogt s`zg hj Bm`ics sgi`hr bcrg sgrv`bgs bhukd cehuit

th 47> l`kk`hi yuci, wm`bm w`kk brgctg ehrg tmci 7 e`kk`hi

igw fhls jhr tmg bhuitry.

Cbbhrd`ia th tmg Twgkjtm J`vg-Pgcr ^kci jhr Bm`ics

Widgrtco`ias jhr tmg Cagd, tmg juturg tcsos jhr tmg cag`ia

phpukct hi smckk jhbus hi shb`ck sgbur`ty, egd`bck cid mgcktm

bcrg, jce`ky lu`kd`ia, cag`ia phpukct`hi sgrv`bg, k`v`ia

bhid`t his, cag`ia `idustry, sp`r`tuck cid bukturck k jg, shb`ck

ecicagegit, cid prhtgbt`hi hj tmg`r r`amts cid `itgrgsts.

Ly 37, c shb`ck sgi`hr bcrg sgrv`bg systge w`tm wgkk-

dgj`igd `ist`tut`hi, bhepkgtg hraci`zct`hi, ehdgrctg s`zg,

shuid hpgrct hi, gxbgkkgit sgrv`bgs, rct hick rgaukct hi cid

sustc`iclkg dgvgkhpegit w kk tcog smcpg.

Hkd pghpkg gifhy tmg`r mcppy k`jg `i Bheeui`ty, Lg`f`ia

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4= TMG RTCTG HJ BM@ICR B@T@GR 3,>>> rgs`dgits arhups `i Bm`ic.

Dur`ia tmg Gkgvgitm J`vg-Pgcr ^kci pgr`hd, tmg Hp`i`hi

hi Rtrgiatmgi`ia cid @eprhv`ia Bheeui`ty Rgrv`bg hj

tmg Rtctg Bhuib`k cid tmg Gkgvgitm J`vg-Pgcr ^kci jhr

Dgvgkhpegit hj Bheeui`ty Rgrv`bg Rystge rgkgcsgd

ly Ict`hick Dgvgkhpegit cid \gjhre Bhee`ss`hi cid

E`i`stry hj B`v`k Cjjc`rs wgrg `epkgegitgd tmrhuamhut

Bm`ic, wm`bm lrhuamt hut c s`ai`ffibcit cbm`gvgegit jhr tmg

u