The Standard Book

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The Standard Book ofMiranda Goshawk

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ThetandardBook

Spells

irandaGoshawk

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Contents

Magic-How it works-5

Charms-12

Transfiguration-96

Jinxes and Hexes-115

Curses- 139

Healing Spells-160

Counter-Spells-165Index-171

c

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Magic How it works

In humans, the ability to performmagic or lack thereof is an inborn,genetic attribute. The former is the

norm in the children of magicalcouples and rare in those of Muggles,this is because the wizarding gene

(found in Wizards and Witches) is dominant,while the non-magical gene (found inMuggles

andSquibs)is recessive. Those unable to do magicwho are born to magical parents are known asSquibs, this is when the non-magical generesurfaces causing the offspring totherefore be non-magical. A witch or

wizard born to Muggle parents areknown as Muggle-borns. This iswhen a Muggle family is descendedfrom a Squib, and the wizarding gene resurfacesmany generations later. Muggle-borns are far

more common than Squibs, but this may be afeature of the disparate sizes of the Muggle andwizarding populations.

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Using Magic

For a person's ability to perform magic to beuseful, a good deal of training is required toacquire the correct discipline. When 'wild',

typically with young and untrained children, itwill still manifest itself subconsciously inmoments of strong apprehension,fear or anger. A powerful orintelligent wizard or witch can direct

this force in less random ways.It should be noted that, whilst the ability toperform magic almost always reveals itself by age11, there are some individuals who remain

mundane until quite late in life when - in quitedesperate circumstances - they suddenly revealtheir magical capacity. However,such "late-bloomers" are rare,possibly more so than squibs.

Almost all human magic is done with the use of asupporting tool or focus, typically a wand. Onecan do unfocused and uncontrolled magic without

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a wand. A few advanced wizards and witches areknown to be able to perform directed magic

without a wand.

A wizard or witch is only at theirbest when using their own wand.When using another's wand, one's

spells are not as strong as theynormally would be, due to the lawsofWandlore.

What Are Spells?

The definition of a spell is "The generic term for apiece of magic." A spell can be considered a

magical action, often accompanied by anincantation (usually - but not always - Latinbased) that makes use of the force of magic in

order to accomplish an action; forexample,levitating objects,

conjuring fire,orstunning aperson.Spells often have somekind of physical representation in

the form of light, and as such can usually miss, be

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dodged, or blocked with an object (includinganother spell).

Some spells will be ineffective on large creaturessuch as trolls, whose hides repel allbut the more powerful spells.When performed, some spells evoke

light from the wand they are castwith, such as the tell-tale red of

Stupefyor green ofAvada Kedavra.However,other spells, such asAccioand Silencio, produce novisible intermediate effect. Some spells also make

loud noises when cast, however bangs and smokeare more often the marks of ineptitude thanexperience.

Normally, spells require three main factors to be

properly accounted for in order to succeed: wandmovement, incantation and intent. If one doesnot move their wand in the correct way, does notspeak the incantation properly and/or cannotretain their desired outcome in their imaginationduring casting then the spell will fail or backfire.

The incantation of aspell is what you recite tomake it work. Spells can be cast non-verbally but

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the incantation still needs to be said in the head ofthe spellcaster. Most incantations derive from the

Latin language but there are a few which are fromEnglish or other languages. Lapses inconcentration while charming can result inpainful side effects rememberWizard Baruffio, who said s

instead of f and found himselflying on the floor with a buffaloon his chest.

It should be noted that spells can be performed

with or without speech, though performing spellsnonverbally is difficult and requires a good deal ofpractice, as it requires concentration and mentaldiscipline.

Nonverbal spells have an advantagein duels, as your adversary has nowarning about what kind of magicyou're about to perform which givesyou a split-second advantage. Somespells, such asLevicorpus,are easier

to perform nonverbally than others. Most spells,however, seem to be less effective than normalwhen the incantation is not said.

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Wandless Spells are also possible, but are verydifficult.

Limits

Regardless of how powerful a witch or wizard is,they are by no means without limits. For instance:

Rule of Conjuration: while it is possible to conjurethings out of thin air, it is far moredifficult to create something that fitsan exact specification rather than ageneral one; moreover, any objects soconjured tend not to last.

Rule against Resurrection: It is also impossible to

resurrect the dead. Corpses can be transformed intoobedient Inferi on a living wizard's command,though they are little more than zombies with nosoul or will of their own. It is also possible via therare Priori Incantatem effect to converse with

ghost-like "shadows" of magically murderedpeople. The Resurrection Stone also allows one totalk to the dead, but those brought back by the

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Stone are not corporeal, nor do they wish to bedisturbed from their peaceful rest.

Rule against Immortality: Likewise, it isimpossible to make oneself immortal unless onemakes use of a mystical object of great power tosustain life (such as the Philosopher's Stone

created by Nicolas Flamel or a Horcrux, the latterhaving been used by Lord Voldemort and Herpothe Foul). If one were to possess the three DeathlyHallows, it is fabled that they would possess thetools to become the "master of death". However,

being a true "master of death" is to be willing toaccept that death is inevitable.

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Charms

A charm is one of the known spell types. Charmsdiffer from Transfiguring Spells in the followingmanner: a charm adds certain properties to an

object or creature, whereas a

transfiguring spell will change itinto something utterly different.A charm focuses on altering what

the object doesas opposed to what the object is.

For example, theColour Change Charm causessomething to flash different colours; the LevitationorHover Charm causes an object to levitate; theCheering Charm improves upon a creature's mood.An object that has a lasting charm placed on it is

called bewitched or enchanted.Dark charms are known as jinxes,hexes and curses. These are dealtwith later in this book.

The lesser charms are not very difficult to breakand many of those that you learn as a youngwizard will wear off in a matter of days or evenhours.

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Charms can also be some of the most powerful

and game-changing spells in existence. TheFidelius Charm, for example, can completely hidea person or a place in such a way that no one canfind them unless they are given the location by aSecret Keeper. Memory Charms can be so strong

that they completely remove a person's memory oreven damage his or her mind permanently. Alarge number of Curses, jinxes, hexes and healingspells can be considered types of charms.

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Accio(Summoning Charm)

Pronunciation: Various suggestions have beenmade, including:

AK-ee-ohAK-see-oh

AS-see-oh

The Summoning Charm is one of the oldest spellsand one of the most useful you will ever learn. Thecharm allows wizards to bring objects zooming

towards them with the wave of a wand.

This charm summons an object to the caster,potentially over a significant distance. It can beused in two ways: by casting the charm and then

naming the object desired ("Accio Firebolt"), or bypointing the wand at the desired object during orimmediately following the incantation to "pull"it toward the user. In either case, the caster mustconcentrate upon the object they wish to summonin order for the charm to succeed; the farther thedesired object is from the caster, the harder it is toSummon. The caster doesn't necessarily need toknow the location of an object to summon it.

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The summoning charm is limited only to items

and small animals, as it has been shown incapableto summon people. And it is still possible foritems to be enchanted so as to be impossible tosummon. Most magical objects are now soldcarrying anti-theft devices that will prevent them

being Summoned by any but their owner.

To summon an object, picture the object clearly inyour mind and say accio. With this spell, youpoint your wand at the item you wish to

summon. Once you have mastered this charm,you have the ability to summon any object ofwhich you have need (providing, of course, thatyou respect the international statute of wizardingsecrecy, since no object should be summoned if it

is likely to whizz under the nose of a muggle). Thesummoning charm is ineffective on most livingcreatures, and those that can be summoned arerarely worth summoning (such as flobberworms).

Gideon Flatworthy led the Accionites, a gang ofanti-muggle activists who mostly just sat aroundand did nothing. When they ran out of gold,instead of going to Gringotts to get more he

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line are repelled, and grow long, white beards,regardless of gender.

guamenti(Water-Making Spell )

Pronunciation:AH-gw-MEN-teeThe Water-Making Spell conjures clean, drinkablewater from the end of the wand. Thus, with thewater making spell the trained wizard is neverwithout a source of water, whether theyre refilling

their goblet at dinner, or managing a minoreyebrow fire after a carelessly-cast fire makingspell. Depending on the caster's concentration andintentions, this charm can be anything from asimple jet of water to a wave. The Water-MakingSpell can be used to put out fires. repel enemies, orfill containers.

The Latin word aqua(water) combined withaugmentum(compare with English augment), anincrease, see aug- in Indo-European roots,meaning: increasing the water (flow). -mentiisthe genitive form of the suffix mentum.Also

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Possibly an extension of Spanish words agua(aqua)("water") and mente("mind").

Alohomora(Unlocking Charm)

Pronunciation:-LOH-h-MOHR-The Unlocking Charm, also known as the Thief'sFriend,Alohomora, is a charm that opensmechanical locks that are not protected by magic.It is also able to unseal doors locked by

Colloportus.There is a spell called the Anti-Alohomora Charm which is used to counteractthis spell. WhenAlohomorais used, the lock/doormust be tapped or the wand pointed at the lock.

There are many ways to pass through locked doorsin the magical world (see the Fire-Making Spell,Gouging Spell, and the Reductor Curse) where youwish to enter or depart discreetly, however, theUnlocking Charm is your best friend.

Although it is unknown who invented it (the spellwas created in Africa by an African sorcerer) it

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was brought to Britain and hence to the world inthe early 17th century by Eldon Elsrickle. He used

it to terrorise London, stealing from homes ofMuggles and wizards alike, until Blagdon Blayinvented an Anti-Alohomora Charm.

Prior to the discovery of the unlocking charm, the

most popular charm for the purpose wasPortaberto, which usually splintered the lock fromthe door- and occasionally left a smoking holewhere the key should have been. Even this was asubstantial improvement over Open Sesame, the

previous most popular spell, which saw doorswrenched from their hinges and torn intofirewood. Other door unlocking incantationsinclude:Annihilare, Dunamis, Emancipare, andLiberare.

The wordAlohamorais from the West AfricanSidiki dialect used in geomancy and has the literalmeaningFriendly to thieves.

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Anti-Cheating Spell

These spells are used atHogwarts School ofWitchcraft and Wizardry onwriting quills andparchmentto prevent students from cheatingduring their final exams, as well as theirO.W.L.sandN.E.W.T.s.The spell can be cast on

parchment or quills to prevent the writer fromcheating whilst writing answers.

Aparecium

(Revealing Charm)

Pronunciation:AP-REE-see-mThe Revealing Charm will reveal invisible ink andmessages hidden by magical means. Simply tap abook or parchment with your wand and anyhidden message will be revealed. This spell is ableto overcome most basic concealment charms, andso is a favourite of parents and teachers alike, so bewarned- any plans for mischief hidden withinvisible ink can easily be uncovered! Manymagical researchers use invisible ink to hide theirwork from rivals, so the revealing charm is

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essential to serious scholars. Famed arithmancerBridget Wenlock was so protective of her

discoveries that she wrote exclusively in invisibleink- not to mention writing upside down, back-to-front and in atrocious handwriting.The Latin word appareowhich means "to becomevisible or to appear"; -iumand -ciumare

common Latin noun endings.

Apparation

Apparition is amagical method of transportationand is basically the magical action of traveling byhaving the user focus on a desired location in theirmind, then disappear from their current locationand instantly reappear at the desired location. It is

by far the fastest way to get to one's desireddestination, but is tricky to pull off correctly anddisastrous if botched up. One has but to recall TheThree D's: Destination, Determination andDeliberation. One must be completely determined

to reach one's destination, and move withouthaste, but with deliberation. It is imprecise overlong distances. A license is needed to perform onone's own at the age of 17. If done incorrectly, the

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user can splinch themselves, causing a part of theirbody to be separated and left behind. Apparition

feels like being "forced through a very tight rubbertube."

There is no incantation or Hand Movement; Turnon the spot while remembering the 3 D's, which

stand for destination, determination anddeliberation. Apparition can cause an audiblenoise ranging from a small faint pop to a loudcrack that may sound toMuggles like a carbackfiring. Apparition is called Disapparition

from the point of view of someone at the placebeing left, and Apparition from the point of viewof someone at the destination. So, in other words,when one Apparates, it looks to others as if theApparitioner is actually disapparating, and vice

versa.

A variant of Apparition used to transport two ormore individuals at once is called Side-AlongApparition. This method may be used by adultsseeking to transport underage wizards, or in somecases a licensed individual may use this method totransport an injured party. To perform this versionof Apparition, the more able party apparates with

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the other party holding onto their arm. Thismethod is recommended by the Ministry of Magic

for parents with underage children to escape fromdanger quickly. Side-Along Apparition can alsobe forced, or performed accidently if a persongrabs onto the apparating party. ALicense toApparate is required to practice Apparition legally.

One must be at least seventeen (17) years old toobtain such a license.

quaEructo

Aqua Eructo is a spell used to create a jet of clearwater, and then control it. This spell isaccompanied by an icy blue coloured light. Thisspell is useful for putting out fires.

The word "Aqua" means, in Latin, "Water"."Eructo" is the verb "I raise". "Aqua Eructo"means, roughly translated: "I Raise Water"

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ArestoMomentum

Pronunciation:AH-rest-oh moh-men-tumUsed to slow down an object or being that ismoving. It should be noted that it can be used onmultiple targets and on the caster himself.Likely the combination of two words; the Anglo-

French arester, meaning "To bring to a stop", andthe LatinMomentum, meaning "The force orstrength gained whilst moving." Literaltranslation: "Bring its momentum to a stop."

Arrow-shooting spell

A spell that fires arrows from the caster's wand.The spell was usually used by Appleby Arrows

supporters at Quidditch matches to show theirsupport for their teams, however, theBritish andIrish Quidditch League Headquartersbanned theuse of the spell at matches when refereeNugentPottswas pierced through the nose with a strayarrow in1894.

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scendio

Pronunciation:Ah-SEN-dee-ohThis spell ccauses any targeted object to moveupwards.Ascendiocan be used to lift the casterhigh into the air, or if the user is submerged then itwill propel them to the surface. The wordcomes

from Latin ascendo, meaning "to climb".

AtmosphericCharm

The Atmospheric Charm is a spell that modifies orcreates certain weather conditions. This charm canalso be applied indoors. Such charms are used bywizards in a manner similar to Muggle air-conditioning; however they can malfunction,

causing rain or other weather effects.

Baubillious

Baubilliousis acharmthat releases a bright,yellow-white bolt of lightning from the tip ofone'swandwhen cast.

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BluebellFlames

This Spell creates a blue flame which can bedirected to a specific place such as into a glass jar.These special flames are bright blue in colour, donot have a prerequisite heat, and need neither fuelnor oxygen, causing them to become waterproof.

Surfaces it comes in contact with are not affected,because they consist of only flame without fueland therefore will only burn things held overthem. Thus they can be carefully scooped up inthe hand and carried around, or put in a jar.

Braking Charm

The Braking Charm is a spell used onbroomsticks

to help them stop faster and more precisely. TheFirebolt has an "unbreakable Braking Charm" onit. TheHorton-Keitch Braking Charmwas firstused on the Comet 140 to prevent players fromovershooting the goal posts and from flying off-

sides. Mentioned inQuidditch Through the Agesas the charm that gave the Comet 140 anadvantage over the Cleansweep. The charm waspatented byBasil Horton andRandolph Keitch.It

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is applied to allbroomsticksbuilt by theCometTrading Company.

Bubble Head Charm

A charm that puts a large bubble of air around the

head of the user. The bubble surrounds the user'sentire head, like a helmet, or can be limited totheir mouth and nose. It can be used to breatheboth underwater and in noxious gases and smells.Although this charm is brilliant for underwater

exploration, wizards with particularly bad breathhave reported some... problems after the first thirtyminutes or so.

Carpe Retractum

Pronunciation:KAH-pay ruh-track-tumProduces a retractable magical rope. This can beused to pull objects within a controlled distance orpull the caster towards the object they affix thecharm to. It is usually used for inanimate objects.The Hand Movement for this spell is similar to

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casting a fishing line. The magical rope glowsPurple (with objects) or Orange (with creatures).

From the Latin carpe, meaning to seize, andretracto, meaning I draw back.

CaterwaulingCharm

Anyone entering the perimeter of a CaterwaulingCharm sets off a high-pitched shriek. A form ofthe Intruder Charm; they both produce an alarmif the vicinity is disturbed. Caterwaul means to

wail like a cat.

Cave Inimicum

Pronunciation:KAH-vay i-NIM-i-kmWarns of any approaching enemies. CorrectClassical Latin for "Beware the enemy", from theverb cave(to beware) and the accusative form ofthe noun inimcus (enemy). In Latin, theaccentof the latter word is on the second-to-lastsyllable, since the last i islong.

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Cheering Charm

Pronunciation: chee-e-roInvented byFelix Summerbee in the1400s,thischarm causes the person upon whom the spell wascast to become happy and contented, thoughheavy-handednesswith the spell may cause the

person to break into an uncontrollable laughingfit. A related spell was acounter-charm for themagical inducement of hiccoughs.

Cistem perio

Pronunciation: KIS-tem uh-PE-ree-oIt opens a chest.Aperiois Latin for open, uncover,to uncover, lay bare, reveal, or make clear. CistaisLatin for trunk, or chest. Furthermore, if cistais itsroot, then it would be pronounced with a hard c(ca)

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Colloportus

Pronunciation:KOL-o-POR-tsMagically locks or seals a door, preventing it frombeing opened by Muggle means. This spellfunctions as the counter spell toAlohomora.Thespell causes a door to seal itself "with an odd

squelching noise", as if it is being glued shut. It ispossible to open a door locked with ColloportususingAlohomora.The Greek word kollao means "to join closelytogether, bind closely", and the Latin word porta

means "a gate".The Greek root kollaalso means"glue" and becomes collo-in many Englishwords. It may also be derived from portcullis,which was used in medieval times as a barricadeor last line of defence.

Colovaria

Pronunciation: co-loh-VA-riahColovariais acharm used to change one's haircolour and style. This spell is a form of the color-change charm.

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Crop-Related Charms

Crop-related charms are a series ofspells devisedto alter some characteristics of crops (most likelygrowth rate, shape, strength, etc.). In mid-1998,theMinistry of MagicreportA Study into MuggleSuspicions about Magicrecommended that the

International Confederation of Wizards impose animmediate ban on further crop-related charmsuntil the fuss amongMuggles about so-called"crop circles" actually entries in theAnnualInternational Wizard Gardening Competition

died down.

Cushioning Charm

Creates an invisible cushioned area. It is used inbroomstick manufacturing to make the broomsmore comfortable for riders. Thischarmwasinvented byElliot Smethwyck in1820.

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DaydreamCharm

Gives the spell caster a highly-realistic 30-minute daydream. Side effects include milddrooling and a vacant expression. Invented byFred and George Weasley.

Defodio(Gouging Spell)

Pronunciation:de-FOH-dee-oh

The gouging spell enables a witch or wizard tocarve through earth and stone with ease. Frombudding Herbologists digging for Snargaluffseedlings to treasure-hunting curse breakersuncovering ancient wizard tombs, the gouging

spell makes all manner of heavy labor a matter ofpointing a wand.This spell can carve or dig out materials, such asstone and steel, causing deep gouges to appear inthe object targeted by the spell.Correct classical Latin verb defodio, meaning "Idig, dig out."

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Deprimo

Pronunciation:DEP-rim-ohThis spell places immense downward pressureupon its target, which may result in the violentfracturing of said target. A very powerful windthat can loosen and/or soften a variety of things;

it can also be used to detach objects.Derived from the Latin deprimo, "I press down" or"I dig deep".

Depulso(Banishing Charm)

Pronunciation:DE-pul-sohThe opposite of the Summoning Charm,Accio.

The Banishing Charm banishes the object the spellis performed on, sending the target object awayfrom the caster.From the Latin depulsio, meaning drivingaway. Also is similar to repulse meaning "drive

away with force". It could also be seen to bederived from the English word pulse (as in a pulseof energy.) and the prefix "de" which would makeit mean "a negative pulse of energy."

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Descendo

Pronunciation:de-SEN-dohCauses the targeted object to move downwards; Tomake things sink, or go down.Correct classical Latin descendo, meaning "tocome down, to descend".

Diffindo(Severing Charm)

Pronunciation:di-FIN-dohWith the severing charm, cutting or tearing objectsis a simple matter of wand control. The spell canbe quite precise in skilled hands, and the severingcharm is widely used in a variety of wizarding

trades. Useful as it is, this charm should bepractised with caution, as a careless swipe of thewand can easily cause injury- this is a spell thatrequires steady hands.The severing charm was created in the fifteenthcentury by wizarding seamstress Delfina Crimp,who created it as as an easy and convienient wayof cutting cloth and thread. Prior to the inventionof this neat, precise spell, wizards were apt to burn

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or shred anything they wished to cut. The severingcharm requires a jagged, cutting motion with the

wand.When using this spell, move your wand in thedirection you wish to cut, as though using a knife.The Latin diffindere, means "to divide" or "tosplit".

Diminuendo

Pronunciation: dim-in-YEW-en-DOH

Forces objects to shrink. See also the ShrinkingCharm, Reducio.From the Latin word "diminuere", meaning todiminish. Possibly from the musical termdiminuendo, meaning a gradual decrease of

loudness. In modern language diminish means "toshrink" or to "become nonexistant"

Dissendium

Pronunciation: dis-EN-dee-umCauses the target to separate or to open up. Can beused to open the entrance to a secret passage.

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Quite simply, a phonetic spelling of the Englishword "descend" with a common Latin noun

ending attached (-ium). The name also vaguelysuggests "dissident", meaning to be against thelaws. It could also come from the Latin wordDissocio, which means to partor to separate(in itsverb form). The word encan mean both hereand

lookDium, could refer to the sun and normallytranslates as dayor, more appropriately, todaybutcan also be used as the command now. TogetherDissendiumcould mean Separate here, now.

Disillusionment Charm

The Disillusionment Charm causes the target tobecome invisible, or close to it, and can be used to

hide objects and humans. Thisspell causes theobject to become a kind ofchameleon,taking onthe appearance of whatever is behind it. It istypically used to hidemagical creatures or objectsfromMuggles.Invisibility cloaks are sometimescreated by casting a disillusionment charm on aregular cloak, but such charms will eventuallyfade and become visible. When a DisillusionmentCharm is cast on a person, the caster taps their

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wand on the top of the subject's head. Then, itfeels as if the caster has broken a raw egg on top of

the subject's head. It is possible to create such apowerful Disillusionment charm that the targetsare completely invisible. "Disillusion" means "toremove an illusion", which is rather strange,considering the effect of the Disillusionment

Charm is to createan illusion, not remove one.

DroughtCharm

The Drought Charm is a charm used to evaporateliquids. It can dry up puddles and ponds.

Duro (Hardening Charm)

Pronunciation:DEWR-ohThe Hardening Charm will turn an object intosolid stone. This can be surprisingly handy in atight spot. Of course, most students only seem touse this spell to sabotage their fellow students'schoolbags or to turn a pumpkin pasty to stonejust before someone bites into it. It is unwise to try

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this unworthy trick on any of your teachers. Thecharm does wear off after a while. The Latin word

duro means, "I make hard", "I stiffen".

Ebublio

Pronunciation: ee-bub-lee-ohDescription: makes the target inflate and thenexplode into hundreds of bubbles. It can alsocreate a stream of non-bursting bubbles. Thecolour of the bubbles can vary and can be

controlled by the caster.

Engorgio(Engorgement Charm)

Pronunciation:eng-GOR-jee-ohA straightforward but surprisingly dangerouscharm that causes certain things to swell orenlarge. You will be learning EngorgioandReducio(the shrinking charm) together, so thatyou can always undo an over-enthusiastic cast.There is thus no excuse for having accidentallyshrunk your homework down to microscopic size,

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or for allowing a giant toad to rampage throughyour schools flowerbeds.

There is a difference between engorging somethingand enlarging it. Engorgement refers to swellingup, while simple enlargement refers to a scaled(proportionate) increase in size. However, notethat the pronunciation shares a root with

engorgement.The English word engorge means "to fill toexcess". This spell is also known as the "GrowthCharm".

Entrancing Enchantment

Entrancing Enchantments arecharms used toentrance people. Thesecharms are purple in

colour.

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Epoximise (Permanent Sticking Charm)

Pronunciation: ee-POX-i-miseMakes objects permanently stay in place. Thetargets of this spell become bonded to each otherso that they are glued together. If one were to

attempt separation, the surface of one of thetargets would hold on to the other object,stretching and sticking to that object like chewinggum. Epoximisecomes from the English wordepoxy, which is a type of adhesive.

Erecto

Pronunciation:e-REK-toh

Used to erect a tent or other structure. It couldpresumably be used to erect any structure giventhat the required materials were present. Forexample, a house or indeed something as complexas a skyscraper could theoretically be fully

constructed from scratch, provided materials andsufficient magical skill in the caster. From Latinerectusmeaning "upright, erect".Erectumis pastparticiple of Erigere, Latin for "to erect".

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ExpectoPatronum (Patronus Charm)

Pronunciation:eks-PEK-toh p-TROH-nmThis ancient and mysterious charm conjures amagical guardian, a projection of all your mostpositive feelings, known as a Patronus.

A Patronus is a kind of positive force, and for thewizard who can conjure one, it works somethinglike a shield, with the Dementor feeding on it,rather than him. According toFantastic Beastsand Where to Find Themit is also the only charm

that has any effects on theLethifold,or LivingShroud. A Patronus can also be used to sendmessages. It is possible for skilled witches andwizards to cast multiple patronuses at once.

The Patronus charm is difficult, and manywitches and wizards are unable to produce a full,corporeal patronus, a guardian which generallytakes the shape of the animal with whom theyshare the deepest affinity. You may suspect, butyou will never truly know what form yourpatronus will take until you succeed in conjuringit.

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A non-corporeal Patronus is one which does notresemble any living creature. They can forms as

wisps of silvery mist, spherical blobs of whitelight, concave shields of white energy, or even aspulsing shockwaves of silvery-white energy.

The particular animal the corporeal Patronus

takes the form of, likeAnimagus forms, has beensaid to reflect the personality of the caster. If awizard is an Animagus and can summon acorporeal Patronus, the two may take the sameform, and as with an Animagus, the patronus is

not chosen by the wizard, but seemingly pre-determined.

A corporeal Patronus is one that is completely andfully formed and takes the shape of a bright-

white, translucent animal. All Patronuses take theform something important to the caster, usuallysome animal special to them. Occasionally whena witch and a wizard are married, their Patronuseswill match each other (most likely because thewitch/wizard's happy thought will be that oftheir spouse). The form of one's Patronus canchange when the caster has undergone a period ofheightened emotion, such as severe stress or love.

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It is possible that Patronuses vary in strengthaccording to which animal's form they take.

Only the pure of heart can produce a patronus;when an unworthy but skilful wizard attemptsthe patronus charm, the spell can go horriblywrong. The patronus charm will take focus and

determination to master. Think of the happiestmemory you can, and hold it in your mind as youstart casting the spell. When performed correctlythe patronus charm gives the caster protectionbeyond any shield charm, and enables them to

resist even the terrible power of creatures likedementors.

It is clear from ancient woodcuts and scrolls thatthe patronus charm has been in existence since

earliest times. Many attempts have been madeover the centuries to find an easier way to producea patronus, or some similar shield against darkmagic, but none have been successful. If you seekthe best proctection magic can afford against evilcreatures, then your only chance is to perfect thepatronus charm.

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Expelliarmus(Disarming Charm)

Pronunciation:eks-PEL-ee-AR-msThis spell is used to disarm another wizard,typically by causing the victim's wand to fly outof reach. It can also throw the target backwards

when enough power is put into it. Simultaneoususe of this spell by multiple witches or wizards ona single person can throw the wizard back withmuch greater force. To use this spell, the casterpoints their wand at their opponent. The spell

appears as red or gold light.

Historians disagree about the origins of thischarm. Some claim that it was invented by Merlinhimself, others that it was in widespread use inMadagascar as early as the eleventh century. In theopinion of the author of this book, the most likelyoriginator of the disarming charm was a youngwitch called Elizabeth Smudgling, who entered aduelling contest on Dartmoor in 1379. Elizabethwon the tournament using the Disarming Charm,and was awarded the title of supreme dueller, and

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the disarming charm at once became one of themost useful spells in any dueller's repertoire.

When learning defensive magic, there is nosubstitute for practical experience. The disarmingcharm is central to formal wizard duelling, wheredisarming ones opponent is considered an

honourable victory. Unfortunately, real duels arerarely honourable. Hostile or dark wizards willcertainly use every unfair tactic against you (andthis is to say nothing of your fellow students).Interestingly, this spell is one of the most effective

ways of swaying a wand's allegiance from itspresent owner to the one who disarmed it fromthem.Possibly a combined form of the Latin expello,"expel", and arma, "weapons"; thus, "expel theweapon". Expellamusmeans "let us expel".

FeatherweightCharm

A spell that makes something lightweight. It isuseful for transpirting heavy objects.

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FiantoDuri

Pronunciation:Fi-AN-to DU-riIt is a protectivecharmthat was used along withProtego Maxima and Repello Inimigotum duringtheBattle of Hogwarts.The spell may cause pre-existing magical barriers to become hard and solid.

Latin "fiant", meaning "become" and "duri",nominative masculine plural of drus", meaning"hard" or "unyielding"; altogether the incantationreads "become hard".

FideliusCha

Pronunciation:fih-DAY-lee-usThis complex charm enables secret information tobe hidden within the soul of the recipient, knownas a Secret-Keeper. The information is thenirretrievable until and unless the Secret-Keeperchooses to reveal it; not even those who have theSecret revealed to them can reveal it to others. If aSecret-Keeper dies, all those who had been told thesecret became Secret-Keepers in turn, and couldpass the secret on to others. If the Keeper has

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chosen not to reveal the secret to anyone (and theyare the only Keepers) then the secret rests with

them forever; although the secret informationwould remain as it was the moment of the SecretKeeper's death.It was previously believed that when a Secret-Keeper dies, the Secret they held can never be

revealed to anyone else; the people who were toldbefore the Secret-Keeper's death will still knowthe secret, but after the death of the Secret-Keeperno one new can be brought into the circle ofknowledge. However, this is now known not to be

the case. From Latinfidelis, which means"faithful" or "loyal".

Fixing Charm

Aspellwhich fastens an object in place. Its effectis similar to that of thePermanent StickingCharm,but is reversible.

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Flagrate

Pronunciation:fl-GRAY-teeCreates a burning trail in the air that fades withtime and can be directed in any shape or directionthe caster chooses using the wand. With this spell,the caster's wand can leave fiery marks. It can be

used to make signs or letters in the air. The castercan also rearrange the letters by waving theirwand. The incantation comes from the Latinnounflagrate, meaning "a burn".

Flame-Freezing Charm

Causes fire to become harmless to those caught init, creating only a gentle, tickling sensation insteadof burns. It makes the fire feel like a warmsummer breeze. This Spell may also be theprotection in the Floo network, as well as howpeople communicate through fireplaces.Wizardsand witches ofMedieval Times used this spellwhen they were persecuted byMugglesto savethemselves from being harmed when they wereburned at the stake during witch-hunts. They

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feigned screaming in pain, some even making agame out of it.Wendelin the Weird enjoyed the

sensation of the charmed flames so much that sheallowed herself to get caught and burned at leastforty-seven times in varying disguises.

Flying Spell

The spell cast on broomsticks and flying carpets tomake them fly. This charm is described inQuidditch through the ages.

Fumos

Pronunciation:Fu-mos

Fumosis aSpellthat is used to create smoke. It isquite useful inDuels,since if you cast it, theopponent cannot see to aim their spells. It can alsobe used to hide people and objects.The word "fumo" is latin for smoke, vapor.

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Geminio (Doubling Charm)

Pronunciation:je-MIN-ee-ohThe doubling charm (or gemino curse, as it isoften known) creates a duplicate of any objectupon which it is cast. It was famously discovered

by twin witches: Helixa and Syna Hyslop. Afterthis somewhat eccentric and reclusive pair died,relatives relised the mansion in which they hadlived all their lives contained identical copies ofliterally everything inside, down to the pair of

handwritten instructions for the spell left side byside on matching kitchen tables. The doublingcharm has caused trouble from its discovery.Many disputes have arisen around the question ofwhether a copy created by the gemino curse is of

equal value to its pair. As the two are identical atfirst it is impossible to know, although the copyusally rots or tarnishes much more quickly.However it is genrally considered that any copiescreated are worthless. The duplicate lasts severalhours, and Magical properties are not copied. Youcan copy an object once or repeatedly.

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An object can be enchanted to multiply whentouched, creating many useless copies to hide the

original.To add confusion and eventually fill thesurrounding area with copies, the copies alsoduplicate. This is used in high security vaults atGringotts as a criminal deterrent. It should benoted that the target is not duplicated twice each

time but many times per duplication

One unfortunate quirk of this spell, which hasnever been successfully overcome, is that nobodycan halt it but the original spell-caster. If, for

whatever reason, he or she is interrupted, the objectwill continue to multiply for hours or even daysuntil the copies start to degrade.Latingeminomeaning "to double", alsoGeminiisLatin for "twins". Possible conflation of the Latin

'Gemini'.

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Glacius

Pronunciation: GLAY-shussorgla-SI-usA charm that conjures a blast of freezing cold airfrom the end of thewand,freezing things to Ice.The air is so cold it can freeze several inches ofwater solid within seconds, making it solid enough

to walk across. It can also be used create ice blocks.The air generated by this spell is so cold it turnsmoisture in the air into white frost. Ice created bythis spell can be melted byIncendio.Fromobsolete French glacieux, from Latin glacis

(ice).

Glisseo

Pronunciation:GLIS-ee-ohorgli-SAY-ohCauses the steps on a stairway to flatten and forma ramp, slide, or chute. This is also the spell thattransforms the stairs of thegirlsdormitories atHogwarts to prevent boys from entering. Possiblyderived from the French verbglisser, meaning "toslide".

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Gripping Charm

Used to help someone grip something with moreeffectiveness. This charm is placed upon Quafflesto help Chasers carry the Quaffle whilstsimultaneously holding their brooms, as explainedinQuidditch Through the Ages.Discovered in

1875,the Gripping Charm revolutionized thedesign of theQuaffle.It allowed for players tohold, throw and catch the ball with one hand,which eliminated the need for straps or fingerholes.

Hair ThickeningCharm

Causes the target's hair to grow longer and thicker

very quickly. It is used mainly for cosmeticreasons.

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Herbivicus

Pronunciation: HER-bee-vee-kusHerbivicusis used to make plants grow faster.This spell Makes flowers and plants bloom in aninstant, it has some similar affects toOrchideous.

Homenum Revelio

Pronunciation: HOM-i-nmre-VEL-ee-ohReveals human presence in the vicinity of the

caster. It can be used non-verbally; and can beused to detect people underneath InvisibilityCloaks. The spell indicates a body by a marker, theappearance of which is yet unknown, but whichcan be felt by the target as something "swooping"

low over him or her. The spell can be used todetect people under anInvisibility cloak.The spellcan't detect magical creatures such ashouse-elves,goblins,etc.Etymology: Latin homo/hominismeaning

"person" and Latin revelomeaning "to unveil".

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Illegibilus

Pronunciation: Ill-edg-i-bil-usIllegibilusis aspellthat is used to render a textillegible-i.e. to make it unable to be read. TheEnglish word "illegible" means unreadable.

Immobulus(Freezing Charm)

Pronunciation: eem-o-bue-les

Renders target immobile. Can be used on livingcreatures. A Freezing Charm will disableMuggleElectric devices (e.g. burglar alarms) as it stopsthings from moving. It strikes resemblances to theFlame-Freezing Charm,which negates the effects

of fire. The spell appears as a burst of Blue light.From the Latin immobilis, meaningimmovable.

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Imperturbable Charm

Thisspellputs an invisible barrier around a target,Making it impenetrable (by everything, includingsounds, objects, and damage). Also known as theunbreakable charm when used to make somethingunbreakable. It can be used as soundproofing, and

is often used on doors. It is possible to test ifsomething has been Imperturbed by flickingDungbombs at the suspected target and seeing ifthey bounce off. Latin imperturbatusmeaning"calm" or "undisturbed".

Impervius(Impervius Charm)

Pronunciation:im-PUR-vee-sThis spell makes something repel (literally,become impervious to) substances and outsideforces including water and fire.Correct classical Latin imperviusmeaning"impassable". It is said that the Latin imperviusmeans (and is the source of) "impervious";

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although it is the source of the word, it is bettertranslated as impassable, as in a mountain peak.

Incarcerous

Pronunciation:ing-KAR-sr-s

This spell conjures ropes which tie a person orobject up. English incarceratemeaning "toimprison" or "to confine", via Latin carcermeaning "prison." Possibly linked to the Latin incarcerem, "in(to) prison".

Incendio (Fire-Making Spell)

Pronunciation:in-SEN-dee-ohA Spell that makes flames from the end of thewand, which may be accompanied by an explosivebang and an orange light.From lighting a warm hearth to igniting aChristmas pudding, the fire making spell is alwaysuseful around the wizarding household. However,the ability to produce fire with the flick of a wand

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can be dangerous to your fellow students (andworse, your books). A pair of dragon-hide gloves is

therefore recommended for this lesson (morecareless students might also like to brush up onany hair regrowing spells that they might know).Spectacular though it is, students are warned thatirresponsible use of the fire-making spell can have

serious consequences.Latin incendere, "to burn, to set fire".Note thatthe first principal part of this verb (meaning "I setfire") is incendo, not incendio; the incantationdoes not match exactly any correct conjugation of

the verb. Incndio, inPortuguese(samepronunciation as in English) means 'huge fire'."Encender" in Spanish means "to ignite" and"Incendie" in French means flame.

Inflatus

Pronunciation: in-FLAY-tusThis Spell inflates objects, either animate or

inanimate, like a baloon. The prefix 'Inflate'derives from the English verb "to expand withoxygen".

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Informous

Pronunciation: in-FOR-m-esInformous is a spell that summons informationon an object or creature.The prefix Info derives from the English verb "toinform".

Intruder Charm

Detects intruders and sounds an alarm. The

Caterwauling charm is a form of intruder alarm.

Knitting charm

Used to charm knitting needles to knit bythemselves.

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Lacarnum Inflamarae

Pronunciation: la-CAR-num in-fla-MA-rayIt sends a ball of fire from the wand.Latin inflammo, or the verb inflammatiomeaning "to set on fire". Lacarnum, from theLatin lacerna, meaning cloak.

Legilimens(Legilimency)

Pronunciation:le-JIL-i-menzLegilimency is the act of magically navigatingthrough the many layers of a person's mind andcorrectly interpreting one's findings. A person whopractises this art is known as a Legilimens.

Laymen sometimes refer to Legilimency as"mind-reading," but practitioners disdain thisterm as naive. The opposite of Legilimency isOcclumency,which may be used to shield one'smind from the invasion and influence of a

Legilimens. The most advanced Legilimens canperform Legilimencynonverbally andwandlessly,but less talented practitioners must use theincantationLegilimensto enter their victim's

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mind. If a target is not skilled inOcclumency,aLegilimens will be able to detect if the person is

lying, as well as delve into their thoughts,emotions, and memories. Highly skilledLegilimens can also influence a mind that theyinvade. It is easier to perform Legilimency whenthe target and practitioners' eyes meet.

Latin legeremeaning "to read" and Latin mensmeaning "mind".

Locomotor

Pronunciation:LOH-ko-MOH-torThis spell is always used with the name of a target,at which the wand is pointed (e.g. "LocomotorTrunk!"). The spell causes the named object to rise

in the air and move around at the will of thecaster. A variation isPiertotum Locomotor,whichanimated the suits of armour in Hogwarts.Locomotoris an existing English word, from Latinlocusmeaning "place", and Latin motormeaning

"mover".

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Lumos(Wand Lighting spell)

Pronunciation:LEW-mosThis charm will light the end of your wand,providing illumination in darkness. One of thesimplest and most useful spells, it not only

illuminates the wand tip, but can repel spectralfoes such as Gytrashes andmalevolent spirits, as well as certain plants.

The wand lighting charm is simple, but requires

concentration. Take great care not to accidentallyset your wand alight, as damage of this kind canbe permanent. If in any doubt about your abilitiesyou would do better to buy yourself a magiclantern.

Lumos's power can be arranged so it canilluminate intensely or to the wizards liking byloudness of incantation. The counter spell,Nox,extinguishes the light. The light has some heat toit; it can be used to burn paper. The spell appearsas a ball of bright blue light emanating slowlyfrom the wand tip.

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The discovery that wands themselves could be litoccurred relatively recently in wizarding history,

at the end of the 18thcentury. Among those whoclaimed to have invented this revolutionary spellwas the German warlock Garvin Lugner, whoinsisted that he had invented it as a side-effect ofhis discovery of instant darkness powder. It

transpired, however, that not only was Lugnerlying about lumos, his powder was only useful forslightly dimming the lights. The wand-lightingcharm was actually invented in 1772 by LevinaMonkstanley. An accomplished witch working in

the department of mysteries, Levina astonished hercolleagues one day by lighting the tip of her wandto search for a dropped quill in a dusty corner.Prior to Levinas discovery, all manner of magicallanterns, candles and light creation spells had been

used, with varying degrees of success, to penetratedarkness both natural and curse related.

Stronger versions of this spell are:Lumos Duo-Creates a beam of light that projectsfrom the wand's tip and can lock-on to varioustargets.

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Lumos Solem-Creates a powerful beam ofsunlight. It can be used against certain kinds of

plants.Lumos Maxima-Creates an large ball of light atthe end of the wand, which can even be cast off tohover and light a greater area, and can continue onfor several minutes afterward, floating in mid-

air.

Latin lumen, "light". plus Latin duo, "two",maximus, maximum, and the Latin word for"sun", which in its accusative case is "solem".

Mobiliarbus

Pronunciation:MOH-bil-ee-AR-bs

Lifts a tree a few inches off the ground andlevitates it to where the caster points his or herwand.MobilicorpusandMobiliarbusarevariations of the same basic spell, since they sharethe "Mobili-" stem. Latin mobilitomeaning "to

set in motion" and Latin arbor/arbosmeaning"tree".