THE SPREAD OF CHINESE CIVILIZATION: JAPAN, KOREA, AND VIETNAM Chapter Thirteen AP World History Ms. Tully
Feb 24, 2016
THE SPREAD OF CHINESE CIVILIZATION: JAPAN, KOREA, AND VIETNAMChapter ThirteenAP World HistoryMs. Tully
Japan’s Imperial Age• 5th C: Yamato clan
emerged as emperors• 6th-7th C: Increasing
influence of Chinese culture
• Taika, Nara, and Heian periods (7th – 9th C) Sinification
• 645 CE: Taika Reforms• Growing power of
Buddhist establishment
Heian Period• 794: Capital moved from Nara to Heian (Kyoto)• Chinese influence declined• Taika reforms abandoned power of aristocracy
increases • Ultracivilized court culture• Literary Golden Age Lady Murasaki’s Tale of Genji• Growing isolation of court Rising power of regional lords• Aristocratic families & regional lords create “mini-states”
Creation of Feudal Japan• Decline of imperial power in 11th & 12th C
• Rise of regional lords Bushi
• Samurai armed military troops of bushi
• Emergence of warrior class; Code of Bushido
• Serfs (peasants) lose status and freedom
Decline of Imperial Power and the Creation of Shogunate
• Imperial decline Rise of Taira, Minamoto families
• 1180-1185: Gempei Wars Minamoto win
• Minamoto establish Bakufu Shogunate
• Hojo family soon dominate Kamakura shogunate
Chaos Continues• Ashikaga Shogunate (1336-1573) collapse of
centralized authority• Civil wars & conflict undermined power of emperor and
shogunate • 1467-1477: Full scale civil war 300 small kingdoms
ruled by daimyos• Bushido era declines 15th & 16th C Era of Barbarism• Warfare becomes more brutal peasant armies
Culture Among Chaos• Economic & cultural growth• Tax collection; irrigation systems; incentives for cultivation• Growth of merchant class & guilds• Merchant women had more independence could
conduct business, sell crafts• Status of elite women declined• Zen Buddhism Artistic/architectural inspiration
Japanese Feudalism
Feudal Europe vs. Feudal Japan
Similar
• Political Structure• Social Structure• Code of Honor
Different
• Europe: simply land-for-loyalty exchange
• Japan: based on group/family identity and loyalty
Korea• 109 BCE Choson kingdom• 3 kingdoms: Koguryo, Paekche, Silla
• Sinification Process• 668: Tang Dynasty conquers Korea; now a tribute state
• 918-1392: Koryo dynasty• Limited civilization• 1392: Yi dynasty founded, lasts until 1910
Vietnam• Stronger sense of self-identity• Culturally different from Chinese• Originally conquered by Han dynasty introduced some
Sinification Later also conquered by Tang• Culture of anti-Chinese resistance develops • 939: Independence from China• Rivalries in native Vietnamese ruling families Nguyen
vs. Trinh