Primary funding is provided by The SPE Foundation through member donations The SPE Foundation through member donations and a contribution from Offshore Europe The Society is grateful to those companies that allow their The Society is grateful to those companies that allow their professionals to serve as lecturers Additional s pport pro ided b AIME Additional support provided by AIME Society of Petroleum Engineers Distinguished Lecturer Program www.spe.org/dl 1
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Primary funding is provided by
The SPE Foundation through member donationsThe SPE Foundation through member donations and a contribution from Offshore Europe
The Society is grateful to those companies that allow theirThe Society is grateful to those companies that allow their professionals to serve as lecturers
Additional s pport pro ided b AIMEAdditional support provided by AIME
Society of Petroleum Engineers Distinguished Lecturer Programwww.spe.org/dl
Present an Overview of LNG Plantese Ove v ew o NG• Why LNG?• Typical Multi Trains Plant• Typical Multi-Trains Plant• Pre-Treatment Required• Unique Auxiliary Facilitiesq y• Natural Gas Liquefaction
Thermodynamics• Commercial Liquefaction
Oman LNG Plant
• Commercial Liquefaction Processes
• Equipment for LiquefactionOman LNG Plant • Novel Plant Concepts
• Concluding Remarks
3
Stranded Gas Looking for Markets• LNG Proved to be Most Economic for Distances >1,500 Mile• Transported in Insulated Tankers @ -162C & 1 atm.
V l R d ti f 600 1• Volume Reduction of 600:1
SupplyDemandDemand
4
LNG Process & Equipment ?q p
Big Refrigeration System
• Compressor/DriverR f i C d
Big Refrigeration System
• Refrigerant Condenser• Evaporator (Process
Heat Exchanger)Heat Exchanger)
Similar to the AC Systemi O H !in Our Home!
5
Typical 2-Train LNG PlantFuelMake-
Up FuelGas
Gathering Train 1
Inlet Gas Reception
Inlet Gas Treating
NGL Recovery
Liquefaction LNG Storage
LNG
Gas
Liquid
g
1.7 Bcfd
NGL Fractionation
Train 2
9 Mtpa (1.2 Bcfd)
Condensate Stabilization
Propane Storage
Butane
Propane
Butane
.73 Mtpa(27 Mbpd)
Butane Storage
Condensate Storage
Butane
Condensate
(17 Mbpd).5 Mtpa
1 2 MtStorage(34 Mbpd) 1.2 Mtpa
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Typical 2-Train LNG PlantFuelMake-
Up FuelGas
Gathering Train 1
Inlet Gas Reception
Inlet Gas Treating
NGL Recovery
Liquefaction LNG Storage
LNG
Gas
Liquid
g
1.7 BcfdInlet Gas Reception
NGL Fractionation
Train 2
9 Mtpa (1.2 Bcfd)
Inlet Gas Reception• Pipeline Manifold• Pig Receivers• I l t S t
• Most Widely Used Licensed by APCI• 1st Plant in Algeria Operating Since 1972
Tem
pera
ture
2nd Stage
3th Stage
Mixed Refrigerant
Tem
pera
ture
Tem
pera
ture
2nd Stage
3th Stage
Mixed Refrigerant
2nd Stage
3th Stage
2nd Stage
3th Stage
Mixed Refrigerant
g p g• Plants Built by KBR, Chiyoda, JGC, FW
-260F
H (Enthalpy - Heat Removed)
-260F
H (Enthalpy - Heat Removed)
-260F
H (Enthalpy - Heat Removed)
QatarGas LNG PlantQ
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APCI AP-X Process
• Largest Train Capacity @ 8 Mtpa• Overcome Spiral Wound MCHE Limit APCI Suppliesp• First Unit Started in 2009 (QG-II)• No Plants Outside of Qatar
• Process Design• Cold Boxes• Spiral Wound Exchangerp g• Turbo-Expanders
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All Processes Use Similar Equipment
GE MS7001 FB Gas Turbine• Most New Plants Use Large Gas Turbine (& Combined
Cycle) to Drive Refrigerant Compressors• Some Older & Smaller Trains Have Steam Turbine DrivesSome Older & Smaller Trains Have Steam Turbine Drives• Many Peak Shaving Plants on Electric Drives• Use Large Process Type Centrifugal Compressorsg yp g p• Main Difference is in the Cryogenic Heat Exchangers
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Main Cryogenic Heat ExchangerMain Cryogenic Heat ExchangerUse by Mixed Refrigerant ProcessUse by Mixed Refrigerant Process
Ai P d t & Ch i lAir Products & Chemicals& Linde: Spiral Wound Ex.• Max. Diameter: 5,030mma . a ete : 5,030• Height: ~55m• Stainless Steel Core• 25mm Aluminum Tubing• Externally Insulated• Chill & Liquefy GasChill & Liquefy Gas