The Soviet Union BIG Idea: In reality, the Soviet Union was very different from what Karl Marx wrote about.

The Soviet UnionThe Soviet Union

BIG Idea: In reality, the Soviet Union BIG Idea: In reality, the Soviet Union was very different from what Karl was very different from what Karl Marx wrote about.Marx wrote about.

Russian RevolutionRussian Revolution Low morale during WWI caused Low morale during WWI caused

the Tsar to abdicate in 1917.the Tsar to abdicate in 1917. Bolsheviks (Communists) under Bolsheviks (Communists) under

Lenin come to power.Lenin come to power.– In the name of the Soviets, or local In the name of the Soviets, or local

workers’ counsels.workers’ counsels.

Civil WarCivil War

Communists Communists (Reds)(Reds) vs. anti- vs. anti-communists communists (Royalists, Democrats, (Royalists, Democrats, Moderates).Moderates).

– Allies and the U.S. fought with the Allies and the U.S. fought with the anti-communists.anti-communists.

Though Lenin wins, WWI & civil Though Lenin wins, WWI & civil war leave 27 million Russians war leave 27 million Russians dead and the economy ruined.dead and the economy ruined.

Soviet Flag: hammer and sickleSoviet Flag: hammer and sickle

The Russian empire becomes the Union of Soviet The Russian empire becomes the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.). Russia dominates other Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.). Russia dominates other republics.republics.

Lenin’s BeliefsLenin’s Beliefs According to Marx, who should lead the According to Marx, who should lead the

communist revolution?communist revolution?

Russia didn’t have much Russia didn’t have much industry, thus few workers to industry, thus few workers to build communism.build communism.

Lenin sought to create socialism Lenin sought to create socialism by political force and wait for by political force and wait for worldwide revolution.worldwide revolution.

Lenin’s funeral 1924Lenin’s funeral 1924

““Comrade Stalin has concentrated Comrade Stalin has concentrated enormous power in his hands, and I enormous power in his hands, and I am not sure that he always knows am not sure that he always knows how to use that power with sufficient how to use that power with sufficient caution. Choose a successor more caution. Choose a successor more tolerant, more loyal, more polite, and tolerant, more loyal, more polite, and more considerate to comrades.” more considerate to comrades.”

– – Lenin 1922Lenin 1922

Joseph StalinJoseph Stalin

Succeeds Lenin as Soviet dictator.Succeeds Lenin as Soviet dictator.

Stalin’s BeliefsStalin’s Beliefs

Build communism in a single Build communism in a single country.country.

Begins rapid industrialization of Begins rapid industrialization of the Soviet Union.the Soviet Union.– Produced heavy industry, not Produced heavy industry, not

consumer goods.consumer goods.

Command economy: Gov. makes Command economy: Gov. makes all economic decisions.all economic decisions.– Created industryCreated industry– Wasteful & inefficientWasteful & inefficient

Troitsk, Russia was rapidly industrialized under Stalin’s command economy Troitsk, Russia was rapidly industrialized under Stalin’s command economy with no concern for the environment.with no concern for the environment.

CollectivizationCollectivization

Large government-owned farms Large government-owned farms run by peasants as a group.run by peasants as a group.– Peasants resistedPeasants resisted

““Terror Famine”: Stalin seized Terror Famine”: Stalin seized all grain to crush resistance.all grain to crush resistance.– 5-8 Million peasants starved in the 5-8 Million peasants starved in the

Ukraine alone.Ukraine alone.

Stalin’s DictatorshipStalin’s Dictatorship Spies and secret police created a Spies and secret police created a

climate of fear.climate of fear. All potential threats to Stalin were All potential threats to Stalin were

executed or sent to labor camps.executed or sent to labor camps.– Forced false confessions of Forced false confessions of

industrial sabotage.industrial sabotage.– ScapegoatingScapegoating

What does this poster say about Stalin’s values?What does this poster say about Stalin’s values?

Who is portrayed in this Soviet propaganda poster?Who is portrayed in this Soviet propaganda poster?

Marxist Theory vs. the Marxist Theory vs. the U.S.S.R.U.S.S.R.

Marx: government will wither away Marx: government will wither away under communism.under communism.

U.S.S.R.: Totalitarian state: U.S.S.R.: Totalitarian state: Dictatorship controlling citizens’ Dictatorship controlling citizens’ lives.lives.

Marx: Classless society of equals Marx: Classless society of equals under communism.under communism.

U.S.S.R.: Communist party bosses U.S.S.R.: Communist party bosses became the new elite.became the new elite.

Activity: Candy Command EconomyActivity: Candy Command Economy

Essential Learning Target (ELT):Essential Learning Target (ELT):Describe characteristics of specific Describe characteristics of specific economic systems and how these systems economic systems and how these systems existed in different ways at different times existed in different ways at different times throughout history.throughout history.

Let’s compare the efficiency of command Let’s compare the efficiency of command and market economies.and market economies.

Works CitedWorks CitedFarah, Mounir A., and Andrea B. Karls. Farah, Mounir A., and Andrea B. Karls. World History The Human ExperienceWorld History The Human Experience. New York: . New York:

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