The Sol planetary system

Last Updated04/10/23

Merit Sheet - General Science #1 Slide 1

The Sol Planetary System

By Lt. Commander Jill H. Bogler

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Planetary Diameters

• Inner Planets

– Mercury• Diameter 4,880 km

– Venus• Diameter 12,100 km

– Earth• Diameter 12,760 km

– Mars• Diameter 6,800 km

• Outer Planets

– Jupiter• Diameter 143,800 km

– Saturn• Diameter 120,000 km

– Uranus• Diameter 52,300 km

– Neptune• Diameter 49,500 km

– Pluto• Diameter 3,000 km (est.)



Mercury

• Planetary Classification

– Class J (Geo-Morteus)• High surface

temperatures due to their proximity to the star

• Atmospheres are extremely tenuous with few chemically active gases

• Natural Satellites

– None



Venus


– Class C (Reducing)• High surface

temperatures due to the “greenhouse effect” caused by their dense atmospheres

• The only water on these planets is found in vapor form


– None



Earth


– Class M (Terrestrial)• Oxygen/Nitrogen

Atmosphere• Water and life-forms

are typically abundant– Note: If water covers

more than 97% of surface, these are then “Class N”


– Luna (The Moon)• Class I (Asteroid/Moon

)– No atmosphere

– Surfaces are barren and cratered



Mars


– Class K (Adaptable)• Adaptable for

humanoid colonization through the use of pressure domes and other life support devices

• Thin atmosphere• Small amounts of water


– Phobos• Class I

– Deimos• Class I



Jupiter


– Class A (Gas Super Giant)• High core temperature and

radiates heat

• Low stellar radiation & high planet gravity enables Gas Giants to keep a tenuous surface comprised of gaseous hydrogen and hydrogen compounds

• Natural Satellites– Io Class D– Europa No exact type match

(Close to Class L)

– Ganymede Class L– Callisto Class L– Amalthea Class I– Himalia Class I– Elara Class I (assumed)– Pasiphae Class I (assumed)– Sinope Class I (assumed)– Lysithea Class I (assumed)– Carme Class I (assumed)– Ananke Class I (assumed)– Leda Class I– Thebe Class I (assumed)– Adrastea Class I (assumed)– Metis Class I (assumed)

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Saturn


– Class B (Gas Giant)• High core temperature, but

doesn’t radiate much heat



– Mimas Class I– Enceladus Class I– Tethys Class I– Dione Class I– Rhea Class I– Titan Class C– Hyperion Class I– Iapetus Class I– Phoebe Class I– Janus Class I– Epimetheus Class I– Helene Class I– Telesto Class I– Calypso Class I– Atlas Class I– Prometheus Class I– Pandora Class I– Pan Class I

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Uranus






– Ariel Class I– Umbriel Class I– Titania Class I– Oberon Class I– Miranda Class I– Cordelia Class I– Ophelia Class I (assumed)– Bianca Unknown– Cressida Class I (assumed)– Desdemona Class I (assumed)– Juliet Class I (assumed)– Portia Class I (assumed)– Rosalind Class I (assumed)– Belinda Class I– Puck Class I– Caliban Class I (assumed)– Sycorax Class I (assumed)– Prospero Unknown– Setebos (1999 U1) Unknown– Stephano (1999 U2) Unknown– 1999 U3 Unknown

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Neptune






– Triton Class I

– Nereid Class I (assumed)

– Naiad Class I (assumed)

– Thalassa Class I (assumed)

– Despina Class I (assumed)

– Galatea Class I (assumed)

– Larissa Class I

– Proteus Class I



Pluto


– Class L (Geo-Inactive)• Low solar radiation and

minimal internal heat usually result in a frozen atmosphere


– Charon• Class I (Asteroid/Moon

)– No atmosphere

– Surfaces are barren and cratered

Note: This picture of Pluto is a drawing, as there is no clear photograph of Pluto at this time. A mission is scheduled to send a probe to Pluto in the near future.



Warp Speed Calculations

• Average distance from Sun in Astronomical Units & kilometers• 1 AU = approx. 150,000,000 km (93,000,000 miles)

• Full Impulse = 270,000,000 kilometers per hour• or 4,500,000 kilometers per minute

– Sun 0.0 AU

– Mercury 0.39 AU 58,500,000 km from Sun

– Venus 0.72 AU 108,000,000 km from Sun

– Earth 1.0 AU 150,000,000 km from Sun

– Mars 1.5 AU 225,000,000 km from Sun

– Jupiter 5.2 AU 780,000,000 km from Sun

– Saturn 9.5 AU 1,425,000,000 km from Sun

– Uranus 19.2 AU 2,880,000,000 km from Sun

– Neptune 30.1 AU 4,515,000,000 km from Sun

– Pluto 39.5 AU 5,925,000,000 km from Sun



At Full Impulse Speed(Sun)

• From the Sun to:

– Mercury 13 Minutes

– Venus 24 Minutes

– Earth 33.333 Minutes

– Mars 50 Minutes

• From the Sun to:

– Jupiter 173.334 Minutes• or 2.889 Hours

– Saturn 316.667 Minutes• or 5.277 Hours

– Uranus 640 Minutes• or 10.667 Hours

– Neptune 1,003.334 Minutes• or 16.722 Hours

– Pluto 11,761.11 Minutes• or 196.018 Hours



At Full Impulse Speed(Mercury)

• From Mercury to:

– Venus (.33 AU) 11 Min.

– Earth (.61 AU) 20.333 Min.

– Mars (1.11 AU) 37 Min.

– Jupiter (4.81 AU) 160.334 Min.•

or 2.672 Hours

• From Mercury to:

– Saturn (9.11 AU) 303.667 Min. • or 5.061

Hours

– Uranus (18.81 AU) 640 Min. • or 10.667

Hours

– Neptune (29.71 AU) 990.334 Min.• or 16.506

Hours

– Pluto (39.11 AU) 1,303.333 Min.• or 21.722

Hours



At Full Impulse Speed(Venus)

• From Venus to:

– Earth (.28 AU) 9.333 Min.

– Mars (.78 AU) 26 Min.

– Jupiter (4.48 AU) 149.333 Min.•

or 2.489 Hours

• From Venus to:

– Saturn (8.78 AU) 292.667 Min. • or 4.878

Hours

– Uranus (18.48 AU) 616 Min. • or 10.267

Hours

– Neptune (29.38 AU) 979.333 Min.• or 16.322

Hours

– Pluto (38.78 AU) 1,292.667 Min.• or 21.544

Hours



At Full Impulse Speed(Earth)

• From Earth to:

– Mars (.5 AU) 16.667 Min.

– Jupiter (4.2 AU) 140 Min.• or

2.333 Hours

– Saturn (8.5) 283.333 Min.• or

4.722 Hours

• From Earth to:

– Uranus (18.2 AU) 606.667 Min. • or

10.111 Hours

– Neptune (29.1 AU) 970 Min.

• or 16.167 Hours

– Pluto (38.5 AU) 1,283.333 Min.

• or 21.389 Hours



At Full Impulse Speed(Mars & Jupiter)

• From Mars to:

– Jupiter (3.7 AU) 123.333 Min.• or 2.056 Hours

– Saturn (8 AU) 266.667 Min.• or 4.444 Hours

– Uranus (17.7 AU) 590 Min.• or 9.833 Hours

– Neptune (28.6 AU) 953.333 Min.• or 15.889 Hours

– Pluto (38 AU) 1,266.667 Min.• or 21.111 Hours

• From Jupiter to:

– Saturn (4.3 AU) 143.333 Min.• or 2.389

Hours

– Uranus (14 AU) 466.667 Min.• or 7.778

Hours

– Neptune (24.9AU) 830 Min.• or 13.833

Hours

– Pluto (34.3 AU) 1,143.333 Min.• or 19.056

Hours



At Full Impulse Speed(Saturn, Uranus, Neptune & Pluto)

• From Saturn to:

– Uranus (9.7 AU) 323.333 Min.• or 5.389

Hours

– Neptune (20.6 AU) 686.667 Min.• or 11.444

Hours

– Pluto (30 AU) 1,000 Min.• or 16.667

Hours

• From Uranus to:

– Neptune (10.9AU) 363.333 Min.• or 6.056 Hours

– Pluto (20.3 AU) 676.667 Min.• or 11.278 Hours

• From Neptune to:

– Pluto (9.4 AU) 313.333 Min.• or 5.222 Hours



Planetary Classifications(Class A, B, C & D)

• Class A – Gas Supergiant– Usually found in a star’s outer or “cold” zone.

Typically 140,000 to 10,000,000 km in diameter and have high core temperatures causing them to radiate heat. Low stellar radiation & high planet gravity enables them to keep a tenuous surface comprised of gaseous hydrogen & hydrogen compounds.

– Arcturus 5, Betelgeuse 3, Sol 5, Vega 5

• Class B – Gas Giant– Usually found in a star’s outer or “cold” zone.

Typically 50,000 to 140,000 km in diameter and have high core temperatures, but do not radiate much heat. Low stellar radiation & high planet gravity enables them to keep a tenuous surface comprised of gaseous hydrogen & hydrogen compounds.

– 61 Cygni 7, Canopus 7, Epsilon Indi 7, Sol 6, Sol 7, Sol 8

• Class C – Reducing– Usually found in a star’s “habitable” zone.

Typically 10,000 to 15,000 km in diameter. High surface temperatures due to the “greenhouse effect” caused by their dense atmospheres. The only water found is in vapor form.

– Alpha Tauri 2, Medusa, Sol 2, Tholia

• Class D – Geo-Plastic– Usually found in a star’s “habitable” zone.

Typically 10,000 to 15,000 km in diameter. They have a molten surface because they have recently formed. The atmosphere contains many hydrogen compounds and reactive gases. Class D planets eventually cool, becoming Class E.

– Epsilon Indi 3, Excalbia



Planetary Classifications (Class E, F, G & H)

• Class E – Geo-Metalic– Class E planets have a molten core and are

usually found in a star’s “habitable” zone. Typically 10,000 to 15,000 km in diameter. Their atmospheres still contain hydrogen compounds. They will cool further eventually becoming Class F.

– 61 Cygni 4, Altair 3, Capella 3, Rigel 3

• Class F – Geo-Crystaline– Class F planets are usually found in a star’s

“habitable” zone or “cold” zone. Typically 1,000 to 10,000 km in diameter. They have partially molten surfaces and atmospheres that contain many hydrogen compounds. They cool becoming Class L.

– Delta Vega 2, Vega 4

• Class G - Desert– Planets of this class can be found in any of a

star’s zones.. Typically 8,000 to 15,000 km in diameter. Their surfaces are usually hot. Their atmospheres contain heavy gases and metal vapors.

– Capella 4, Ceti Alpha 5, Triacus

• Class H – Geo-Thermal– Usually found in a star’s “habitable” zone.

Typically 10,000 to 15,000 km in diameter. They have a molten surface because they have recently formed. The atmosphere contains many hydrogen compounds and reactive gases. Class D planets eventually cool, becoming Class E.

– Alpha Centauri 5, Gothos, T’khut (40 Eridani 2)



Planetary Classifications (Class I, J, K & L)

• Class I – Asteroid/Moon– Planetary bodies of this class can be found in

any of a star’s zones. They are usually found in orbit of larger planets or in asteroid fields. They are typically 100 to 1,000 km in diameter. They have no atmospheres. Their surfaces are barren and cratered.

– Ceres, Deimos, Kera, Luna, Phinda, Phobos

• Class J – Geo-Morteus– Found in a star’s “hot” zone. They are

typically 1,000 to 10,000 km in diameter. They have high surface temperatures due to the proximity to the star. Their atmospheres are extremely tenuous with few chemically active gases.

– Alpha Tauri 1, Altair 1 & 2, Sol 1

• Class K - Adaptable– K-Class planets are usually found in a star’s

“habitable” zone. They are adaptable for humanoid colonization through the use of pressure domes and other life support devices. They are typically 5,000 to 10,000 km in diameter. They have thin atmospheres. Small amounts of water are present.

– Canopus 5, Sol 4, Mudd, Sol 4, Sirius 4

• Class L – Geo-Inactive– Usually found in a star’s “habitable” zone or

“cold” zone. Typically 1,000 to 10,000 km in diameter. Low solar radiation and minimal internal heat usually result in a frozen atmosphere.

– Aurelia, Marcos 12, Psi-2000, Sol 9



Planetary Classifications (Class M, N, S & T)

• Class M - Terrestrial– M-Class planets are found in a star’s

“habitable” zone. They are typically 10,000 to 15,000 km in diameter. They have atmospheres that contain oxygen and nitrogen. Water and life-forms are typically abundant. If water covers more than 97% of the surface, then they are considered Class N.

– Aldebaran, Betazed, Earth, Q’onos, Vulcan

• Class N - Terrestrial– N-Class planets are found in a star’s

“habitable” zone. They are typically 10,000 to 15,000 km in diameter. They have atmospheres that contain oxygen and nitrogen. Water and life-forms are typically abundant. If water covers less than 97% of the surface, then they are considered Class M.

– Argo, Ascella, Canopus 8, Deneb 3

• Class S – Near Star– Class S planets are usually found in a star’s

“cold” zone. They are typically 50,000,000 to 120,000,000 km in diameter and have high core temperatures causing them to radiate heat & light. These are the largest possible planets, because most planetary bodies that reach this size do become stars.

– Bruedon Beta 4, Delta 10, Shonoisho

• Class T – Gas Ultragiant– Usually found in a star’s “cold” zone.

Typically 10,000,000 to 50,000,000 km in diameter. They have high core temperatures causing them to radiate enough heat to keep water in a liquid state

– Bruedon Epsilon 5, Optima Alpha 5



Planetary Classifications (Class Y)

• Class Y – Caustic– Also called “Demon” class, Class Y

planets and planetoids can be found in any of a star’s zones. They are typically 10,000 to 15,000 km in diameter. Atmospheric conditions are often turbulent and saturated with poisonous chemicals and thermionic radiation. Surface temperatures can reach in excess of 225 C.

• Starfleet note:– Communication is frequently

impossible, and transport may be difficult. Simply entering orbit is a dangerous prospect. No known environment is less hospitable to humanoid life than a Class Y planetary body.



Sources Used• Kaufmann DISCOVERING THE UNIVERSE

– Copyright 1987(Used for planetary dimensions)

• http://www.solarviews.com/– Website

(Used for pictures & names of moons)

• http://free.freespeech.org/tustc/planets– Website

(Used for planetary classifications)

• THE STAR TREK ENCYCLOPEDIA– By Michael & Denise Okuda– Copyright 1999

(Used for Warp and Impulse speed calculations)

The Sol planetary system

Education

iapetus class

rhea class

moon class

umbriel class

enceladus class

ganymede class

amalthea class

atlas class