The social sciences. sociology, anthropology, and political science

The Social Sciences:

Sociology, Anthropology, and

Political Science

Study of Society:1.Mapping the social forces impinging

on social actors as their lives intersect

in society.

2.Rehearsing the structures and

components of cultural practices and

traditions

3.Exposing the asymmetrical power

distributions among members of social

communities and organizations.

SOCIOLOGY

What is

Sociology

?

What’s with the AlDub

Craze?

SOCIOLOGY

Focuses on the ubiquity of social forces in

unlikely forms: sex, gender, religion, class,

race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, and the

like.

“the study of human social life,

groups and society”

Social forces

Represent a constellation of unseen yet

powerful forces influencing the behavior of

individuals and institutions.

normally in the guise of rules, norms,

and expectations

Social map

Person’s specific economic and political

location.

“the vivid awareness of the relationship

between private experience and wider

society” –C. Wright Mills

it allows the social

actors to discern

opportunities where

there is none by

converting their

personal troubles into

public issues.

HISTORY OF

SOCIOLOGY

French Revolution

(1789)

Industrial Revolution

in England (18th

Century)

Auguste Comte(1798-1857)

“Father of Sociology”

He believed that society

operates according to

certain laws, just as the

physical world operates

according to gravity and

other laws of nature.

Herbert

Spencer(1820- 1903)

“Survival of the fittest”

He likened society to an

organism with a life and

vitality of its own.

Emile

Durkheim(1858-1917)

“Niche

Problematique”

Social Fact-it has distinctive characteristics and

determinants which are capable of

holding an external constraints on the

individual

Karl Marx(1818-1883)“The Communist

Manifesto”

He reiterated that

political revolution was

vital in the evolutionary

process of society, the

only means to achieve

improvement of social

condition.

Max Weber(1864-1920)“The most important

proponent of interpretive

sociology”

He believed that a

“sympathetic

understanding,

vertsehen, of the mind of

others” was essential to

understanding the

behavior of others

SOCIAL

INTERACTIONISM“governed by the meanings shared and co-

created by social actors in every interaction

or encounter”

- Charles Horton Cooley

- Herbert Blumer

- George Herbert Mead

-Is derived from two Greek words:

Anthropos and logos.

-Studies humans and the respective cultures

where they were born and actively belong.

-Considered the father or even the

grandfather of all social sciences and

behavioral sciences.

Franz Boas“father of American

Anthropology”

He believed that the

same method and

strategy could be applied

in measuring culture and

human behavior while

conducting research

among humans including

the uniqueness of their

cultures.

Alfred Kroeber and

William Henry-indigenous rights

like traditional

cultural

preservation and

ancestral domain

of the American

tribes

As a Social

Science

-it focuses on human diversity around

the world.

-anthropologist look at cross-cultural

differences in social institutions, cultural

beliefs, and communication styles.

CULTURAL

DIVERSITYMulticultural

ism

SOCIAL

DIVERSITY

-refers to the gaps between people

as measured by the presence or

absence of certain socially

desirable traits

CASTE SYSTEM

the system of dividing society into

hereditary classes.

CLASS

A person’s position is based upon

achievement

ESTATE

Gives

emphasis to

birth as well

as wealth

and

possessions

SLAVERY

Had economic

basis wherein

the master

shows power

over slave

POLITICAL SCIENCE

-The systematic study of government

and politics.

- is the discipline that problematizes the

nature of power and studies how

possession and exercise of power can

shape individual actions and collective

decisions for that matter.

The activity through which

people make, preserve, and

amend the general rules

under which they live.

POWER

Ability to influence

others. It gives

authority to lead

ORDERIs attained

through

obedience on

the rules set

by leaders

JUSTICE

Is felt in a

society with

order.

The alteration of mechanisms

within the social structure,

characterized by changes in

cultural symbols, rules of behavior,

social organizations, or value

system.

-is an intentional action with the

goal of bringing

about social change.

-The efforts to promote, inhibit, or

(re)direct social, political,

economic, environmental issues

with the desire to make

improvements in society and

correct social injustice.

BARON DE

MONTESQUIEU

carries out the laws but

cannot make laws to make

themselves powerful.

-the part that makes laws

the judiciary is responsible

for making sure that

criminals are punished so

that members of the

government cannot ignore

the law as the judiciary can

check on them.

THOMAS HOBBESthe founders of

modern political

philosophy

JOHN LOCKEJOHN LOCKE

Father of

Liberalism"