The Six Goals of EFA • Goal 1: Expand early childhood care and education • Goal 2: Provide free and compulsory primary education for all • Goal 3: Promote learning and life skills for young people and adults • Goal 4: Increase adult literacy by 50 per cent • Goal 5: Achieve gender parity by 2005, gender equality by 2015 • Goal 6: Improve the quality of education • UNESCO has been mandated to lead the movement and coordinate the international efforts to reach Education for All. Governments, development agencies, civil society, non- government organizations and the media are but some of the partners working toward reaching these goals. • The EFA goals also contribute to the global pursuit of the eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), especially MDG 2 on universal primary education and MDG 3 on gender equality in education, by 2015. • The Fast Track Initiative was set up to implement the EFA movement, aiming at "accelerating progress towards quality universal primary education".
50
Embed
The Six Goals of EFA Goal 1: Expand early childhood care and education Goal 2: Provide free and compulsory primary education for all Goal 3: Promote learning.
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
The Six Goals of EFA• Goal 1: Expand early childhood care and education • Goal 2: Provide free and compulsory primary education for all • Goal 3: Promote learning and life skills for young people and adults • Goal 4: Increase adult literacy by 50 per cent • Goal 5: Achieve gender parity by 2005, gender equality by 2015 • Goal 6: Improve the quality of education • UNESCO has been mandated to lead the movement and coordinate the
international efforts to reach Education for All. Governments, development agencies, civil society, non-government organizations and the media are but some of the partners working toward reaching these goals.
• The EFA goals also contribute to the global pursuit of the eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), especially MDG 2 on universal primary education and MDG 3 on gender equality in education, by 2015.
• The Fast Track Initiative was set up to implement the EFA movement, aiming at "accelerating progress towards quality universal primary education".
Public Spending on Education (Primary and Secondary) by income
Which of these two countries has a more equitable education spending?
Pak
ista
n
Nep
al
0%0%
1. Pakistan
2. Nepal
Rural-Urban-Learning Gaps in SSA
What are the sources of the rural-urban achievement gap in SSA?
Diff
eren
ces b
etw
een...
Sch
ool com
positio
n
Sch
ool res
ources
Sch
ool pra
ctic
es
All
of the
above
None o
f the a
bove
0% 0% 0%0%0%0%
1. Differences between student background
2. School composition
3. School resources4. School practices5. All of the above6. None of the above
Rural-Urban Differences
• Older Students• Lower SES• Greater Percentage of Repeaters• Lower Average SES• Buildings in worse condition• Less school materials• Less instructional resources• Teachers lower reading ability
Half of the Gap is Accounted for by Individual Differences among students
Causes of Gender Inequality?
Gender inequalities in education are largely a result of cultural preferences of the parents (demand), therefore
they cannot be addressed through educational interventions (supply)
Yes
, I a
gree
Not c
erta
in
No, I
dis
agre
e
0% 0%0%
1. Yes, I agree
2. Not certain
3. No, I disagree
Policy Options
• Lower Costs (Direct and Indirect)
• Local Schools w/ community support and flexible schedules
1) Totalitarian/authoritarian rule, etc.2) Defeated/occupied countries3) Required by bilateral and multilateral agreements4) Intentional copying of policy/practice observed elsewhere5) General influence of educational ideas/methods
Source: Phillips and Schweisfurth 2007
Level 1: World regions/continents
Level 2: Countries
Level 3: States/Provinces
Level 4: Districts
Level 5: Schools
Level 6: Classrooms
Level 7: Individuals
Cur
ricul
um
Tea
chin
g M
eth
ods
Edu
catio
nal
Fin
ance
Man
agem
ent
Str
uctu
res
Pol
itica
l Cha
nge
Lab
or M
arke
t
Oth
er a
spec
ts
Ethni
c G
roup
s
Age G
roup
sRel
igio
us G
roup
s
Gen
der G
roup
s
Oth
er G
roup
sEnt
ire P
opul
atio
n
Bray and Thomas
• Article 26.• (1) Everyone has the right to education. Education shall be
free, at least in the elementary and fundamental stages. Elementary education shall be compulsory. Technical and professional education shall be made generally available and higher education shall be equally accessible to all on the basis of merit.
• (2) Education shall be directed to the full development of the human personality and to the strengthening of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. It shall promote understanding, tolerance and friendship among all nations, racial or religious groups, and shall further the activities of the United Nations for the maintenance of peace.
• (3) Parents have a prior right to choose the kind of education that shall be given to their children.
http://www.un.org/Overview/rights.html
How do we measure progress?
• InputsPer pupil Spending
• ProcessesStructures, Curriculum
• OutputsEducational Attainment, Literacy
• OutcomesEmployment and Productivity, Political Participation, Social Capital
What is equality of educational opportunity?
• Conservative Definition (Position in the social structure determines education chances)
• Liberal Definition (Equality of Treatment)
• Progressive Definition (Equality of Outcomes requires inequality of treatment. Positive Discrimination).
IEA Studies
• The very first IEA study was intended to investigate the feasibility of undertaking more extensive investigations of educational achievement. This study, known as Pilot Twelve-Country Study, was conducted in 1959–62 with samples of 13-year-old students in 12 countries. Testing was carried out in five areas: mathematics, reading comprehension, geography, science, and non-verbal ability.
Using gradients to examine equality
Durchschnittliche Schülerleistungen im Bereich Mathematik
1. ability to read and write 2. the ability to read, write, spell, listen, and speak 3. reading and writing at a level adequate for
communication, or at a level that lets one understand and communicate ideas in a literate society, so as to take part in that society.
4. 'Literacy' is the ability to identify, understand, interpret, create, communicate, compute and use printed and written materials associated with varying contexts.
5. Literacy is understanding, using and reflecting on written texts to enable an individual to achieve his or her goals, to develop his or her knowledge and potential, and to participate fully in the wider society