The Semi-Automatic Rifle, Caliber 30, M1 (M1 Garand) “In my opinion, the M1 Rifle is the greatest battle implement ever devised.” (George S. Patton) …but it was a long time coming, and followed a rocky road of development. (my own words... Thomas E. Ward, II, PhD) M1_Garand_DevAndUse_v01g 1
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The Semi-Automatic Rifle, Caliber 30, M1 (M1 Garand) The Greatest... · The Semi-Automatic Rifle, Caliber 30, M1 (M1 Garand) In my opinion, the M1 Rifle is the greatest battle implement
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The Semi-Automatic Rifle, Caliber 30, M1(M1 Garand)
“In my opinion, the M1 Rifle is the greatest battle implement ever devised.”
(George S. Patton)
…but it was a long time coming, and followed a rocky road of development.
(my own words... Thomas E. Ward, II, PhD)
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Today’s Presentation
• A Brief Look Backwards
• The State of the Art & Competing Technologies
• Development Woes
• The Final Design (Finally!)
• Allies and Enemies
• A Long Legacy & Proud History
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.30-40 Krag-Jorgensen Rifle(Spanish-American War)
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A Brief Look Backwards• 30-40 Krag outgunned by the Mauser 7x57 in Spanish-American War
• Gearing Up for Production• Springfield Armory - 3,526,922 M1 rifles from 1932 through 1945
• Winchester Repeating Arms - 513,880 between December 1940 and June 1945
• Combined production for Springfield and Winchester during World War II was 4,040,802 rifles
• WINNING @ Guadalcanal
The Arsenal of Democracy
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US Marines at Guadalcanal
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Allies & Enemies
• The US started with an enormous lead• The only ally to fully field a semi-automatic basic infantry weapon
• Soviet SVT-36/38/40 (an “almost” story)
• Enemies tried and failed• German development:
• Mauser & Walther Gewehr 41 (Bang gas-trap… a failure)
• Walther Gewehr 43 (short stroke piston, much better, but too little & too late)
• Japanese attempted to copy the M-1
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German Attempts: G41 & G43Mauser G41
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German Attempts: G41 & G43Walther G43
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USSR: SVT-40
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Japanese Copy: Type 4 / Type 5
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A Long Legacy & Proud History
• WW II Production: Springfield Arsenal & WRA - 4,040,802
• Post-WW II - Korean War & Cold War Production (1945-1957)• Springfield Arsenal - 637,420 (last M1 produced on 17 May 1957)• Harrington & Richardson - 428,600 • International Harvester - 337,623
• TOTAL US Production, 1936-1957: 5,468,772 M1 rifles
• Equipping Allies
• Modification & Adaptation• Italian BM-59• US Mods for 7.62x51 (.308 Winchester)• M1C and M1D sniper versions
• The Next Generation: M-14
• CMP Sales Today
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M-1 Garand Users• Algeria
• Austria
• Argentina
• Belgium
• Brazil
• Cambodia
• Canada
• Republic of China
• People’s Republic of China
• Cuba
• Denmark
• Ethiopia
• France
• Nazi Germany
• West Germany
• Greece
• Guinea
• Haiti
• Indonesia
• Iran
• Israel
• Italy
• Ivory Coast
• Japan
• Jordan
• South Korea
• Kingdom of Laos
• Liberia
• Netherlands
• Nicaragua
• Norway
• Pakistan
Non-state actors:
• Moro National Liberation Front
• Iraqi insurgents
• Provisional Irish Republican Army
• Syrian National Coalition
• Talibans
• Panama
• Paraguay
• Philippines
• Saudi Arabia
• Thailand
• Turkey
• United Kingdom
• United States
• Uruguay
• Venezuela
• South Vietnam
• North Vietnam and Vietnam
• Yemen
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A Rifle for the Nations
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Iraq, 2007
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Partial List of References
• http://www.scott-duff.com/WhoHowManyWhen.htm
• Hatcher’s Notebook – MG Julian S. Hatcher
• The Complete Book of the Garand – MG Julian S. Hatcher