The Semantic web as part of thefinin/talks/swsw02/rutgers.pdf · 2002. 10. 24. · Next: overview of Semantic Web UMBC an Honors University in Maryland 11 W3C’s Semantic Web Goals

Page 1

NSF

IDM

Wor

ksho

p M

ay 6

, 200

2Ti

m F

inin

, mai

lto:fi

nin@

umbc

.edu 1

11

An

Ove

rvie

w a

nd

An

Ove

rvie

w a

nd

Un

derv

iew

of

the

Un

derv

iew

of

the

Sem

anti

c W

ebSe

man

tic

Web

Tim

Fin

inTi

m F

inin

Un

iver

sity

of

Mar

ylan

d U

niv

ersi

ty o

f M

aryl

and

Bal

tim

ore

Cou

nty

Bal

tim

ore

Cou

nty

Sem

antic

Web

for

Sci

ence

Wor

ksho

pN

ewar

k N

J, O

ctob

er 2

002

http

://u

mbc

.edu

/~fin

in/t

alks

/sw

sw02

/

reco

mm

end

tell

regi

ster

tell

regi

ster

UM

BC

UM

BC

an H

onor

s U

nive

rsity

in M

aryl

and

an H

onor

s U

nive

rsity

in M

aryl

and

22

Ove

rvie

wO

verv

iew

The

Prob

lem

: bu

ildin

g in

telli

gent

Th

e Pr

oble

m:

build

ing

inte

llige

nt

info

rmat

ion

syst

ems

info

rmat

ion

syst

ems

The

Sem

antic

web

as

part

of

the

The

Sem

antic

web

as

part

of

the

solu

tion

solu

tion

Back

grou

nd o

n th

e se

man

tic w

ebBa

ckgr

ound

on

the

sem

antic

web

Com

men

ts a

nd C

oncl

usio

nCo

mm

ents

and

Con

clus

ion ss

UM

BC

UM

BC

an H

onor

s U

nive

rsity

in M

aryl

and

an H

onor

s U

nive

rsity

in M

aryl

and

33

The

prob

lem

The

prob

lem

I’ve

been

eng

aged

in r

esea

rch

aim

ed a

t I’v

e be

en e

ngag

ed in

res

earc

h ai

med

at

deve

lopi

ng in

telli

gent

info

rmat

ion

syst

ems

for

deve

lopi

ng in

telli

gent

info

rmat

ion

syst

ems

for

thirt

y ye

ars.

thirt

y ye

ars.

The

prob

lem

is h

ard,

pro

gres

s is

slo

w, b

ut t

he

The

prob

lem

is h

ard,

pro

gres

s is

slo

w, b

ut t

he

incr

emen

tal r

esul

ts a

re w

orth

it.

incr

emen

tal r

esul

ts a

re w

orth

it.

It’s

a t

ask

for

man

y ge

nera

tions

to

com

e.It

’s a

tas

k fo

r m

any

gene

ratio

ns t

o co

me.

Toda

y’s

envi

ronm

ent

is v

ery

diff

eren

t th

an t

hat

in

Toda

y’s

envi

ronm

ent

is v

ery

diff

eren

t th

an t

hat

in

1972

.19

72.

UM

BC

UM

BC

an H

onor

s U

nive

rsity

in M

aryl

and

an H

onor

s U

nive

rsity

in M

aryl

and

44

They

way

we

wer

e…Th

ey w

ay w

e w

ere…

AN I

BM 3

60 c

irca

1972

AN I

BM 3

60 c

irca

1972

Page 2

NSF

IDM

Wor

ksho

p M

ay 6

, 200

2Ti

m F

inin

, mai

lto:fi

nin@

umbc

.edu 2

UM

BC

UM

BC

an H

onor

s U

nive

rsity

in M

aryl

and

an H

onor

s U

nive

rsity

in M

aryl

and

55

They

way

we

will

be…

They

way

we

will

be…

UM

BC

UM

BC

an H

onor

s U

nive

rsity

in M

aryl

and

an H

onor

s U

nive

rsity

in M

aryl

and

66

Wh

at’s

new

?W

hat

’s n

ew?

Inte

rnet

.In

tern

et.

Virt

ually

of

the

com

pute

rs in

the

wor

ld

Virt

ually

of

the

com

pute

rs in

the

wor

ld

have

bee

n co

nnec

ted.

have

bee

n co

nnec

ted.

Scal

e.Sc

ale.

Ever

y da

y m

any

mor

e co

mpu

ting

and

Ever

y da

y m

any

mor

e co

mpu

ting

and

com

mun

icat

ion

devi

ces

are

join

ing.

com

mun

icat

ion

devi

ces

are

join

ing.

Pow

er.

Pow

er.

Raw

com

putin

g po

wer

con

tinue

s to

clim

b.Raw

com

putin

g po

wer

con

tinue

s to

clim

b.W

irel

ess.

Wir

eles

s.N

ew t

echn

olog

ies

(GSM

, 802

.11,

N

ew t

echn

olog

ies

(GSM

, 802

.11,

Bl

ueto

oth,

UW

B?, IR

, etc

) ar

e cr

eatin

g a

perv

asiv

e,

Blue

toot

h, U

WB?

, IR

, etc

) ar

e cr

eatin

g a

perv

asiv

e,

ubiq

uito

us c

ompu

ting

envi

ronm

ent

ubiq

uito

us c

ompu

ting

envi

ronm

ent

Web

.W

eb.

Anyo

ne c

an p

ublis

h co

nten

t an

d pr

ovid

e An

yone

can

pub

lish

cont

ent

and

prov

ide

serv

ices

, pow

erfu

l sea

rch

engi

nes

supp

ort

disc

over

y,

serv

ices

, pow

erfu

l sea

rch

engi

nes

supp

ort

disc

over

y,

evol

ving

sta

ndar

ds e

nhan

ce in

tero

pera

bilit

yev

olvi

ng s

tand

ards

enh

ance

inte

rope

rabi

lity

UM

BC

UM

BC

an H

onor

s U

nive

rsity

in M

aryl

and

an H

onor

s U

nive

rsity

in M

aryl

and

77

The

way

we

will

be…

The

way

we

will

be…

Peo

ple,

age

nts

, dev

ices

, & s

ervi

ces

nee

d to

Peo

ple,

age

nts

, dev

ices

, & s

ervi

ces

nee

d to

Find

oth

ers

in t

heir

envi

ronm

ent

Find

oth

ers

in t

heir

envi

ronm

ent

Des

crib

e th

e se

rvic

es t

hey

offe

r an

d se

ekD

escr

ibe

the

serv

ices

the

y of

fer

and

seek

Exch

ange

API

sEx

chan

ge A

PIs

Neg

otia

te f

or s

ervi

ces,

per

mis

sion

s, p

rivac

y, p

aym

ent,

…

Neg

otia

te f

or s

ervi

ces,

per

mis

sion

s, p

rivac

y, p

aym

ent,

…

Rea

son

abou

t se

rvic

es t

o cr

eate

com

posi

te s

ervi

ces

Rea

son

abou

t se

rvic

es t

o cr

eate

com

posi

te s

ervi

ces

Coor

dina

te a

nd c

oope

rate

as

need

edCo

ordi

nate

and

coo

pera

te a

s ne

eded

Sens

e th

eir

cont

ext

and

the

activ

ities

of

hum

ans

Sens

e th

eir

cont

ext

and

the

activ

ities

of

hum

ans

Dea

l with

new

ent

ities

nev

er b

efor

e en

coun

tere

dD

eal w

ith n

ew e

ntiti

es n

ever

bef

ore

enco

unte

red

An

d to

do

this

dyn

amic

ally

An

d to

do

this

dyn

amic

ally

UM

BC

UM

BC

an H

onor

s U

nive

rsity

in M

aryl

and

an H

onor

s U

nive

rsity

in M

aryl

and

88

Info

rmat

ion

an

d D

ata

Man

agem

ent

Ch

alle

nge

sIn

form

atio

n a

nd

Dat

a M

anag

emen

t C

hal

len

ges

The

envi

ronm

ent

mak

es n

ew d

eman

ds a

nd o

ffer

s Th

e en

viro

nmen

t m

akes

new

dem

ands

and

off

ers

new

cha

lleng

es, e

noug

h to

kee

p al

l of

us b

usy,

e.g

.:ne

w c

halle

nges

, eno

ugh

to k

eep

all o

f us

bus

y, e

.g.:

Very

ope

n en

viro

nmen

tsVe

ry o

pen

envi

ronm

ents

Larg

e an

d di

vers

e co

mm

unity

of

serv

ice

and

Larg

e an

d di

vers

e co

mm

unity

of

serv

ice

and

cont

ent

prov

ider

sco

nten

t pr

ovid

ers

Lots

of

rela

tive

auto

nom

yLo

ts o

f re

lativ

e au

tono

my

Dyn

amic

ad

hoc

netw

orks

Dyn

amic

ad

hoc

netw

orks

Syst

ems

with

wid

ely

vary

ing

reso

urce

s Sy

stem

s w

ith w

idel

y va

ryin

g re

sour

ces

----ba

ndw

idth

, con

nect

ivity

, cpu

, mem

ory,

dis

k,

band

wid

th, c

onne

ctiv

ity, c

pu, m

emor

y, d

isk,

po

wer

, sof

twar

e, k

now

ledg

e, in

telli

genc

e, e

tc.

pow

er, s

oftw

are,

kno

wle

dge,

inte

llige

nce,

etc

.

Page 3

NSF

IDM

Wor

ksho

p M

ay 6

, 200

2Ti

m F

inin

, mai

lto:fi

nin@

umbc

.edu 3

UM

BC

UM

BC

an H

onor

s U

nive

rsity

in M

aryl

and

an H

onor

s U

nive

rsity

in M

aryl

and

99

Res

earc

h to

pics

Res

earc

h to

pics

Con

cept

s ad

dres

sin

g th

ese

chal

len

ges

incl

ude

:C

once

pts

addr

essi

ng

thes

e ch

alle

nge

s in

clu

de:

Mul

tiage

nt s

yste

ms

Mul

tiage

nt s

yste

ms

Info

rmat

ion

and

know

ledg

e sh

arin

g th

roug

h co

mm

on

Info

rmat

ion

and

know

ledg

e sh

arin

g th

roug

h co

mm

on

repr

esen

tatio

n la

ngua

ges,

ont

olog

ies

and

prot

ocol

sre

pres

enta

tion

lang

uage

s, o

ntol

ogie

s an

d pr

otoc

ols

Auto

mat

ic s

ervi

ce d

escr

iptio

n, d

isco

very

, com

posi

tion

Auto

mat

ic s

ervi

ce d

escr

iptio

n, d

isco

very

, com

posi

tion

Neg

otia

tion

for

serv

ices

and

info

rmat

ion

Neg

otia

tion

for

serv

ices

and

info

rmat

ion

Trus

t ba

sed

mod

els

for

auth

oriz

atio

n, c

redi

bilit

y an

d se

curit

yTr

ust

base

d m

odel

s fo

r au

thor

izat

ion,

cre

dibi

lity

and

secu

rity

Soci

al a

nd n

orm

gov

erne

d be

havi

or

Soci

al a

nd n

orm

gov

erne

d be

havi

or

Del

egat

ion

and

degr

ees

of a

uton

omy

Del

egat

ion

and

degr

ees

of a

uton

omy

Coor

dina

tion

and

team

wor

k m

odel

sCo

ordi

natio

n an

d te

amw

ork

mod

els

UM

BC

UM

BC

an H

onor

s U

nive

rsity

in M

aryl

and

an H

onor

s U

nive

rsity

in M

aryl

and

1010

Sem

anti

c W

ebSe

man

tic

Web

I’ll a

rgue

tha

t th

e se

man

tic w

eb p

rovi

des

a go

od

I’ll a

rgue

tha

t th

e se

man

tic w

eb p

rovi

des

a go

od

appr

oach

, lan

guag

e an

d to

ols

to s

uppo

rt t

he

appr

oach

, lan

guag

e an

d to

ols

to s

uppo

rt t

he

deve

lopm

ent

of in

telli

gent

info

rmat

ion

syst

ems

in

deve

lopm

ent

of in

telli

gent

info

rmat

ion

syst

ems

in

this

env

ironm

ent.

this

env

ironm

ent.

This

isn’

t ob

viou

s, s

ince

the

SW

see

ms

grou

nded

Th

is is

n’t

obvi

ous,

sin

ce t

he S

W s

eem

s gr

ound

ed

in t

he “

trad

ition

al”

hype

rtex

t on

the

wire

d w

eb.

in t

he “

trad

ition

al”

hype

rtex

t on

the

wire

d w

eb.

But,

the

prin

cipl

es w

hich

driv

e it

are

the

right

Bu

t, t

he p

rinci

ples

whi

ch d

rive

it ar

e th

e rig

ht

ones

for

age

nts

as w

ell a

s pe

rvas

ive

com

putin

g.on

es f

or a

gent

s as

wel

l as

perv

asiv

e co

mpu

ting.

And,

by

grou

ndin

g ag

ents

in w

eb t

echn

olog

y,

And,

by

grou

ndin

g ag

ents

in w

eb t

echn

olog

y,

they

may

mak

e it

out

of t

he la

b.th

ey m

ay m

ake

it ou

t of

the

lab.

Nex

t: o

verv

iew

of

Sem

antic

Web

Nex

t: o

verv

iew

of

Sem

antic

Web

UM

BC

UM

BC

an H

onor

s U

nive

rsity

in M

aryl

and

an H

onor

s U

nive

rsity

in M

aryl

and

1111

W3

C’s

Sem

anti

c W

eb G

oals

W3

C’s

Sem

anti

c W

eb G

oals

Focu

s on

mac

hin

e co

nsu

mpt

ion

:Fo

cus

on m

ach

ine

con

sum

ptio

n:

"The

Sem

antic

Web

is a

n ex

tens

ion

of th

e cu

rren

t web

in

whi

ch in

form

atio

n is

giv

en w

ell-d

efin

ed m

eani

ng, b

ette

r en

ablin

g co

mpu

ters

and

peo

ple

to w

ork

in c

oope

ratio

n."

----Be

rner

sBe

rner

s --Le

e, H

endl

er a

nd L

assi

la, T

he S

eman

tic W

eb,

Lee,

Hen

dler

and

Las

sila

, The

Sem

antic

Web

, Sc

ient

ific

Amer

ican

, 200

1Sc

ient

ific

Amer

ican

, 200

1

Wh

erea

s th

e W

eb h

as m

ade

peop

le s

mar

ter,

W

her

eas

the

Web

has

mad

e pe

ople

sm

arte

r,

the

SW w

ill m

ake

mac

hin

es s

mar

ter.

the

SW w

ill m

ake

mac

hin

es s

mar

ter.

The

curr

ent

Web

Th

e cu

rren

t W

eb s

tore

sst

ores

thin

gs w

her

eas

the

thin

gs w

her

eas

the

SW e

nab

les

agen

ts w

hic

h

SW e

nab

les

agen

ts w

hic

h d

odoth

ings

.th

ings

.

UM

BC

UM

BC

an H

onor

s U

nive

rsity

in M

aryl

and

an H

onor

s U

nive

rsity

in M

aryl

and

1212

Ori

gin

s of

th

e Se

man

tic

Web

Ori

gin

s of

th

e Se

man

tic

Web

http

://w

ww

.w3.

org/

His

tory

/198

9/pr

opos

al.h

tml

Cap

sule

his

tory

Cap

sule

his

tory

Tim

Ber

ners

-Lee

pro

pose

d W

WW

as

a W

eb o

f re

latio

nshi

ps a

mon

g na

med

ob

ject

s (8

9)G

uha

desi

gned

MCF

(~

94)

XML+

MCF

=>

RD

F (~

96)

RDF+

OO

=>

RD

FS (

~99

)RD

FS+

KR=

>D

AML+

OIL

(00

)W

3C’s

SW

act

ivity

(01

)W

3C’s

OW

L (0

2?)

Page 4

NSF

IDM

Wor

ksho

p M

ay 6

, 200

2Ti

m F

inin

, mai

lto:fi

nin@

umbc

.edu 4

UM

BC

UM

BC

an H

onor

s U

nive

rsity

in M

aryl

and

an H

onor

s U

nive

rsity

in M

aryl

and

1313

Sem

anti

c W

eb

Sem

anti

c W

eb d

oes

does

wh

at?

wh

at?

Con

cept

Con

cept

-- bas

ed s

earc

hba

sed

sear

ch≠≠

keyw

ord

keyw

ord --

base

d se

arch

base

d se

arch

Sem

anti

c n

avig

atio

nSe

man

tic

nav

igat

ion

≠≠lin

klin

k --ba

sed

navi

gatio

nba

sed

navi

gatio

nP

erso

nal

izat

ion

Per

son

aliz

atio

n≠≠

one

size

fits

all

one

size

fits

all

Qu

ery

answ

erin

gQ

uer

y an

swer

ing

≠≠do

cum

ent

retr

ieva

ldo

cum

ent

retr

ieva

lSe

rvic

esSe

rvic

es≠≠

CGI

calls

, but

ser

vice

CGI

calls

, but

ser

vice

-- des

crip

tion

lang

uage

s,

desc

riptio

n la

ngua

ges,

ne

gotia

tion,

ne

gotia

tion,

se

rvic

e co

mpo

sitio

n,

etc

serv

ice

com

posi

tion,

et

c U

MB

CU

MB

Can

Hon

ors

Uni

vers

ity in

Mar

ylan

dan

Hon

ors

Uni

vers

ity in

Mar

ylan

d1414

Wh

y is

thi

s h

ard?

Wh

y is

thi

s h

ard?

afte

r Fr

ank

van

Har

mel

en a

nd J

im H

endl

er

UM

BC

UM

BC

an H

onor

s U

nive

rsity

in M

aryl

and

an H

onor

s U

nive

rsity

in M

aryl

and

1515

Wh

at a

web

pag

e lo

oks

like

to a

mac

hin

e…

And

und

erst

andi

ng

natu

ral l

angu

age

is

easi

er th

an im

ages

!

“Webscraping”

is

mos

tly d

one

by h

and

craf

ted

rule

s or

rule

s ge

nera

ted

by

supe

rvis

ed le

arni

ng

Eith

er w

ay, t

he ru

les

can

brea

k w

hen

the

page

str

uctu

re c

hang

es.

afte

r Fr

ank

van

Har

mel

en a

nd J

im H

endl

erU

MB

CU

MB

Can

Hon

ors

Uni

vers

ity in

Mar

ylan

dan

Hon

ors

Uni

vers

ity in

Mar

ylan

d1616

OK

, so

HTM

L is

not

hel

pfu

lO

K, s

o H

TML

is n

ot h

elpf

ulC

ould

we

tell

the

mac

hine

wha

t the

di

ffere

nt p

arts

of t

he

text

repr

esen

t?

afte

r Fr

ank

van

Har

mel

en a

nd J

im H

endl

er

title

time

spea

ker

loca

tion

abst

ract

bios

ketc

hho

st

Page 5

NSF

IDM

Wor

ksho

p M

ay 6

, 200

2Ti

m F

inin

, mai

lto:fi

nin@

umbc

.edu 5

UM

BC

UM

BC

an H

onor

s U

nive

rsity

in M

aryl

and

an H

onor

s U

nive

rsity

in M

aryl

and

1717

XM

L to

th

e re

scu

e?X

ML

to t

he

resc

ue?

XML

fans

pro

pose

cr

eatin

g a

XML

tag

set

to u

se fo

r eac

h ap

plic

atio

n.

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alks

, we

can

choo

se <

title

>,

<spe

aker

>, e

tc.

afte

r Fr

ank

van

Har

mel

en a

nd J

im H

endl

er

<tit

le>

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spea

ker>

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peak

er>

</t

itle>

UM

BC

UM

BC

an H

onor

s U

nive

rsity

in M

aryl

and

an H

onor

s U

nive

rsity

in M

aryl

and

1818

XM

L X

ML ≠≠

mac

hin

e ac

cess

ible

mea

nin

gm

ach

ine

acce

ssib

le m

ean

ing B

ut,

to

you

r m

ach

ine,

the

ta

gs s

till

look

lik

e th

is…

.

The

tag

nam

es

carr

y n

o m

ean

ing.

XM

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TDs

and

Sch

emas

hav

e lit

tle

or n

o se

man

tics

.

afte

r Fr

ank

van

Har

mel

en a

nd J

im H

endl

er

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UM

BC

UM

BC

an H

onor

s U

nive

rsity

in M

aryl

and

an H

onor

s U

nive

rsity

in M

aryl

and

1919

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XML

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ma

file

afte

r Fr

ank

van

Har

mel

en a

nd J

im H

endl

erU

MB

CU

MB

Can

Hon

ors

Uni

vers

ity in

Mar

ylan

dan

Hon

ors

Uni

vers

ity in

Mar

ylan

d2020

Bu

t th

ere

are

man

y sc

hem

asB

ut

ther

e ar

e m

any

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emas

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L Sc

hem

a fil

e 42

afte

r Fr

ank

van

Har

mel

en a

nd J

im H

endl

er

Page 6

NSF

IDM

Wor

ksho

p M

ay 6

, 200

2Ti

m F

inin

, mai

lto:fi

nin@

umbc

.edu 6

UM

BC

UM

BC

an H

onor

s U

nive

rsity

in M

aryl

and

an H

onor

s U

nive

rsity

in M

aryl

and

2121

Ther

e’s

no

way

to

rela

te s

chem

aTh

ere’

s n

o w

ay t

o re

late

sch

ema

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</λοχα

τιον>

</τιµε>

</σπεακερ>

</τιτλε>

<title>

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aker

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cation

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t>

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etch

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L Sc

hem

a fil

e 42

Eith

er m

anu

ally

or

auto

mat

ical

ly

Eith

er m

anu

ally

or

auto

mat

ical

ly -

---X

ML

XM

L Sc

hem

a is

ver

y w

eak

on s

eman

tics

Sch

ema

is v

ery

wea

k on

sem

anti

csU

MB

CU

MB

Can

Hon

ors

Uni

vers

ity in

Mar

ylan

dan

Hon

ors

Uni

vers

ity in

Mar

ylan

d2222

On

tolo

gies

can

hel

p …

On

tolo

gies

can

hel

p …

An

on

tolo

gy d

efin

es t

he

term

s u

sed

to d

escr

ibe

An

on

tolo

gy d

efin

es t

he

term

s u

sed

to d

escr

ibe

and

repr

esen

t an

are

a of

kn

owle

dge.

an

d re

pres

ent

an a

rea

of k

now

ledg

e.

Ont

olog

ies

are

used

by

peop

le, d

atab

ases

, and

ap

plic

atio

ns t

hat

need

to

shar

e do

mai

n in

form

atio

n (a

do

mai

n is

just

a s

peci

fic s

ubje

ct a

rea

or a

rea

of

know

ledg

e, li

ke m

edic

ine,

too

l man

ufac

turin

g, r

eal

esta

te, a

utom

obile

rep

air,

fin

anci

al m

anag

emen

t, e

tc.)

. O

ntol

ogie

s in

clud

e co

mpu

ter-

usab

le d

efin

ition

s of

bas

ic

conc

epts

in t

he d

omai

n an

d th

e re

latio

nshi

ps a

mon

g th

em ..

.Th

ey e

nco

de k

now

ledg

e in

a d

omai

n a

nd

also

Th

ey e

nco

de k

now

ledg

e in

a d

omai

n a

nd

also

kn

owle

dge

that

spa

ns

dom

ain

s.

know

ledg

e th

at s

pan

s do

mai

ns.

In

thi

s w

ay, t

hey

mak

e th

at k

now

ledg

e re

usab

le.

Wor

king

Dra

ft, W

eb O

ntol

ogy

Wor

king

Gro

up.

UM

BC

UM

BC

an H

onor

s U

nive

rsity

in M

aryl

and

an H

onor

s U

nive

rsity

in M

aryl

and

2323

On

tolo

gies

can

hel

p …

On

tolo

gies

can

hel

p …

Cat

alog

/ID

Gen

eral

Logi

cal

cons

train

ts

Term

s/gl

ossa

ry

Thes

auri

“nar

row

erte

rm”

rela

tion

Form

alis

-aFr

ames

(pro

perti

es)

Info

rmal

is-a

Form

alin

stan

ceV

alue

R

estri

ctio

n

Dis

join

tnes

s, In

vers

e,pa

rt of

…

Afte

r D

ebor

ah L

. McG

uinn

ess

(Sta

nfor

d)Af

ter

Deb

orah

L. M

cGui

nnes

s (S

tanf

ord)

Sim

ple

Taxo

nom

ies

Expr

essi

veO

nto

logi

es

Wor

dnet

CY

CR

DF

DA

ML

OO

DB

Sch

ema

RD

FSIE

EE

SU

OO

WL

UM

LS

UM

BC

UM

BC

an H

onor

s U

nive

rsity

in M

aryl

and

an H

onor

s U

nive

rsity

in M

aryl

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2424

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tolo

gy le

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L O

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42

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nee

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logi

es in

XM

LW

e n

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a w

ay t

o de

fin

e on

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in X

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n re

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to s

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256

impo

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add

•St

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Ont

olog

y51

2

refe

renc

es

Page 7

NSF

IDM

Wor

ksho

p M

ay 6

, 200

2Ti

m F

inin

, mai

lto:fi

nin@

umbc

.edu 7

UM

BC

UM

BC

an H

onor

s U

nive

rsity

in M

aryl

and

an H

onor

s U

nive

rsity

in M

aryl

and

2525

On

tolo

gies

var

y…O

nto

logi

es v

ary…

Ont

olog

ies

vary

gre

atly

in t

heir

Ont

olog

ies

vary

gre

atly

in t

heir

Scop

eSc

ope

Com

plex

ityCo

mpl

exity

Leve

l of

deta

ilLe

vel o

f de

tail

Kind

of

know

ledg

e en

code

dKi

nd o

f kn

owle

dge

enco

ded

……

Two

exam

ples

…Tw

o ex

ampl

es…

UM

BC

UM

BC

an H

onor

s U

nive

rsity

in M

aryl

and

an H

onor

s U

nive

rsity

in M

aryl

and

2626

Du

blin

Cor

e D

ubl

in C

ore -

---A

Sim

ple

On

tolo

gyA

Sim

ple

On

tolo

gy

Dev

elop

ed b

y an

OCL

C sp

onso

red

Dev

elop

ed b

y an

OCL

C sp

onso

red

wor

ksho

p in

Dub

lin ~

95 a

s a

wor

ksho

p in

Dub

lin ~

95 a

s a

stan

dard

for

met

adat

a fo

r di

gita

l st

anda

rd f

or m

etad

ata

for

digi

tal

libra

ry r

esou

rces

on

web

libra

ry r

esou

rces

on

web

Cons

ists

of

15 c

ore

attr

ibut

es

Cons

ists

of

15 c

ore

attr

ibut

es

http

://d

ublin

core

.org

/ht

tp:/

/dub

linco

re.o

rg/

Neu

tral

on

how

DC

shou

ld b

e N

eutr

al o

n ho

w D

C sh

ould

be

repr

esen

ted

repr

esen

ted

HTM

L fo

und

to b

e in

adeq

uate

for

H

TML

foun

d to

be

inad

equa

te f

or

repr

esen

ting

com

plex

ities

of

repr

esen

ting

com

plex

ities

of

stru

ctur

ed u

se o

f D

Cst

ruct

ured

use

of

DC

Avai

labl

e as

an

RD

F sc

hem

a.Av

aila

ble

as a

n RD

F sc

hem

a.

15

DC

ele

men

ts1

5 D

C e

lem

ents

Con

ten

t el

emen

tsCo

vera

geCo

vera

geD

escr

iptio

nD

escr

iptio

nRel

atio

nRel

atio

nSo

urce

Sour

ceSu

bjec

tSu

bjec

tTi

tleTi

tleTy

pe

Type

In

telle

ctu

al P

rope

rty

Cont

ribut

orCo

ntrib

utor

Crea

tor

Crea

tor

Publ

ishe

rPu

blis

her

Rig

htRig

htIn

stan

tiat

ion

D

ate

Dat

eFo

rmat

Form

atId

entif

ier

Iden

tifie

rLa

ngua

geLa

ngua

ge

UM

BC

UM

BC

an H

onor

s U

nive

rsity

in M

aryl

and

an H

onor

s U

nive

rsity

in M

aryl

and

2727

Cyc

C

yc ––

a co

mpl

ex o

nto

logy

a co

mpl

ex o

nto

logy

Cyc

is a

larg

e, g

ener

al p

urpo

se o

ntol

ogy

with

Cy

c is

a la

rge,

gen

eral

pur

pose

ont

olog

y w

ith

asso

ciat

ed r

easo

ning

too

ls d

evel

oped

ove

r th

e as

soci

ated

rea

soni

ng t

ools

dev

elop

ed o

ver

the

past

~20

yea

rs b

y M

CC a

nd n

ow C

ycor

ppa

st ~

20 y

ears

by

MCC

and

now

Cyc

orp

Cyc

KB h

as >

100

k te

rms.

Cyc

KB h

as >

100

k te

rms.

Term

s ar

e ax

iom

atiz

ed b

y >

1M

han

dcra

fted

ass

ertio

nsTe

rms

are

axio

mat

ized

by

> 1

M h

andc

raft

ed a

sser

tions

Cyc

infe

renc

e en

gine

has

> 5

00 h

euris

tic le

vel m

odul

esCy

c in

fere

nce

engi

ne h

as >

500

heu

ristic

leve

l mod

ules

Goa

l is

to e

ncod

e kn

owle

dge

for

“com

mon

sen

se

Goa

l is

to e

ncod

e kn

owle

dge

for

“com

mon

sen

se

reas

onin

g” n

eede

d by

app

licat

ions

(e.

g., N

LP)

reas

onin

g” n

eede

d by

app

licat

ions

(e.

g., N

LP)

Avai

labl

e fr

ee in

lim

ited

form

fro

m

Avai

labl

e fr

ee in

lim

ited

form

fro

m

http

://o

penc

yc.o

rg/

http

://o

penc

yc.o

rg/

UM

BC

UM

BC

an H

onor

s U

nive

rsity

in M

aryl

and

an H

onor

s U

nive

rsity

in M

aryl

and

2828

Toda

y an

d to

mor

row

Toda

y an

d to

mor

row

We

are

in a

goo

d po

sitio

n to

use

sim

ple

We

are

in a

goo

d po

sitio

n to

use

sim

ple

onto

logi

es li

ke D

C to

day

onto

logi

es li

ke D

C to

day

This

is h

appe

ning

(e.

g., A

dobe

’s X

MP)

This

is h

appe

ning

(e.

g., A

dobe

’s X

MP)

We

hope

to

be a

ble

to m

ake

effe

ctiv

e us

e W

e ho

pe t

o be

abl

e to

mak

e ef

fect

ive

use

onto

logi

es li

ke C

yc in

the

com

ing

deca

deon

tolo

gies

like

Cyc

in t

he c

omin

g de

cade

Ther

e ar

e sk

eptic

s…Th

ere

are

skep

tics…

It’s

a g

reat

res

earc

h to

pic…

It’s

a g

reat

res

earc

h to

pic…

Page 8

NSF

IDM

Wor

ksho

p M

ay 6

, 200

2Ti

m F

inin

, mai

lto:fi

nin@

umbc

.edu 8

UM

BC

UM

BC

an H

onor

s U

nive

rsity

in M

aryl

and

an H

onor

s U

nive

rsity

in M

aryl

and

2929

TB

L’s

sem

antic

web

vis

ion

“The

Sem

antic

Web

w

ill g

loba

lize

KR,

just

as

the

WW

W

glob

aliz

e hy

pert

ext”

--Ti

m B

erne

rs-L

ee

you

are

her

e

UM

BC

UM

BC

an H

onor

s U

nive

rsity

in M

aryl

and

an H

onor

s U

nive

rsity

in M

aryl

and

3030

Sem

anti

c w

eb la

ngu

ages

tod

aySe

man

tic

web

lan

guag

es t

oday

Toda

y th

ere

are,

IM

HO

, tw

o se

man

tic w

eb

Toda

y th

ere

are,

IM

HO

, tw

o se

man

tic w

eb

lang

uage

sla

ngua

ges

DA

ML+

OIL

DA

ML+

OIL

––D

arpa

Age

nt M

arku

p La

ngua

geD

arpa

Age

nt M

arku

p La

ngua

geht

tp:/

/ww

w.d

aml.o

rg/

http

://w

ww

.dam

l.org

/R

DF

RD

F ––

Res

ourc

e D

escr

iptio

n Fr

amew

ork

Res

ourc

e D

escr

iptio

n Fr

amew

ork

http

://w

ww

.w3.

org/

RD

F/ht

tp:/

/ww

w.w

3.or

g/RD

F/an

d on

e un

der

deve

lopm

ent

by t

he W

3Can

d on

e un

der

deve

lopm

ent

by t

he W

3CO

WL

OW

L––

Ont

olog

y W

eb L

angu

age

Ont

olog

y W

eb L

angu

age

http

://w

ww

.w3.

org/

2001

/sw

/ht

tp:/

/ww

w.w

3.or

g/20

01/s

w/

Topi

c m

aps

Topi

c m

aps

(( htt

p://

topi

cmap

s.or

ght

tp:/

/top

icm

aps.

org /

) ar

e an

othe

r /)

are

ano

ther

br

eed

bree

dw

ith m

ore

to c

ome…

.w

ith m

ore

to c

ome…

.

UM

BC

UM

BC

an H

onor

s U

nive

rsity

in M

aryl

and

an H

onor

s U

nive

rsity

in M

aryl

and

3131

Topi

c M

aps

Topi

c M

aps

A To

pic

Map

is a

col

lect

ion

of t

opic

s an

d A

Topi

c M

ap is

a c

olle

ctio

n of

top

ics

and

(sem

antic

ally

mea

ning

ful)

rela

tions

hips

bet

wee

n (s

eman

tical

ly m

eani

ngfu

l) re

latio

nshi

ps b

etw

een

thes

e to

pics

thes

e to

pics

Topi

c M

aps

link

thes

e to

pics

with

ext

erna

l To

pic

Map

s lin

k th

ese

topi

cs w

ith e

xter

nal

refe

renc

es, s

uch

as r

esou

rces

beh

ind

URIs

refe

renc

es, s

uch

as r

esou

rces

beh

ind

URIs

Topi

c M

aps

are

a “s

uper

impo

sed

sem

antic

laye

r”To

pic

Map

s ar

e a

“sup

erim

pose

d se

man

tic la

yer”

conn

ectio

n be

twee

n to

pics

and

res

ourc

es a

re U

RLs

conn

ectio

n be

twee

n to

pics

and

res

ourc

es a

re U

RLs

Topi

c M

aps

capt

ure

real

Topi

c M

aps

capt

ure

real

-- wor

ld s

ubje

cts/

obje

cts

but

wor

ld s

ubje

cts/

obje

cts

but

also

con

cept

sal

so c

once

pts

thes

e ar

e de

fined

not

abs

olut

e bu

t re

lativ

e to

eac

h ot

her

thes

e ar

e de

fined

not

abs

olut

e bu

t re

lativ

e to

eac

h ot

her

UM

BC

UM

BC

an H

onor

s U

nive

rsity

in M

aryl

and

an H

onor

s U

nive

rsity

in M

aryl

and

3232

RD

F is

th

e fi

rst

SW la

ngu

age

RD

F is

th

e fi

rst

SW la

ngu

age

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st, p

erso

n, p

erso

nIns

t)

Trip

les

RD

FD

ata

Mod

elG

ood

for

Mac

hine

Proc

essi

ng

Goo

d Fo

r H

uman

View

ing

Goo

d Fo

r R

easo

ning

Page 9

NSF

IDM

Wor

ksho

p M

ay 6

, 200

2Ti

m F

inin

, mai

lto:fi

nin@

umbc

.edu 9

UM

BC

UM

BC

an H

onor

s U

nive

rsity

in M

aryl

and

an H

onor

s U

nive

rsity

in M

aryl

and

3333

Sim

ple

RD

F Ex

ampl

eSi

mpl

e R

DF

Exam

ple

http

://um

bc.e

du/~

finin

/talk

s/id

m02

/“I

ntel

ligen

t Inf

orm

atio

n Sy

stem

son

the

Web

and

in th

e A

ethe

r”

http

://um

bc.e

du/

dc:T

itle

dc:C

reat

or

bib:

Aff

“Tim

Fin

in”

“fin

in@

umbc

.edu

”

bib:

nam

ebi

b:em

ail

UM

BC

UM

BC

an H

onor

s U

nive

rsity

in M

aryl

and

an H

onor

s U

nive

rsity

in M

aryl

and

3434

XM

L en

codi

ng

for

RD

FX

ML

enco

din

g fo

r R

DF

<rdf

:RD

F xm

lns:

rdf=

"http

://w

ww

.w3.

org/

1999

/02/

22-r

df-s

ynta

x-ns

#"xm

lns:

dc="

http

://pu

rl.or

g/dc

/ele

men

ts/1

.1/"

xmln

s:bi

b="h

ttp://

dam

l.um

bc.e

du/o

ntol

ogie

s/bi

b/">

<des

crip

tion

abou

t="h

ttp://

umbc

.edu

/~fin

in/ta

lks/

idm

02/"

><d

c:tit

le> I

ntel

ligen

t Inf

orm

atio

n Sy

stem

s on

the

Web

and

in th

e A

ethe

r</d

c:Ti

tle>

<dc:

crea

tor>

<des

crip

tion>

<bib

:Nam

e>Ti

m F

inin

</bi

b:N

ame>

<bib

:Em

ail>

finin

@um

bc.e

du</

bib:

Emai

l><b

ib:A

ff re

sour

ce="

http

://um

bc.e

du/"

/></

desc

riptio

n>

</dc

:Cre

ator

></

desc

riptio

n></

rdf:R

DF>

“ian

@go

o.or

g”

UM

BC

UM

BC

an H

onor

s U

nive

rsity

in M

aryl

and

an H

onor

s U

nive

rsity

in M

aryl

and

3535

N t

ripl

e re

pres

enta

tion

N t

ripl

e re

pres

enta

tion

RD

F ca

n be

enc

oded

as

a se

t of

RD

F ca

n be

enc

oded

as

a se

t of

trip

les

trip

les .

. <<

subj

ect

subj

ect >

<>

<pr

edic

ate

pred

icat

e > <

> <

obje

ctob

ject

> .

> .

<ht

tp:/

/um

bc.e

du/~

finin

/tal

ks/id

m02

/>

<ht

tp:/

/pur

l.org

/dc/

elem

ents

/1.1

/Titl

e>

"Int

ellig

ent

Info

rmat

ion

Syst

ems

on t

he W

eb a

nd in

the

Aet

her"

._:

j109

49 <

http

://d

aml.u

mbc

.edu

/ont

olog

ies/

bib/

Nam

e> "

Tim

Fin

in"

._:

j109

49 <

http

://d

aml.u

mbc

.edu

/ont

olog

ies/

bib/

Emai

l> "

finin

@um

bc.e

du"

._:

j109

49 <

http

://d

aml.u

mbc

.edu

/ont

olog

ies/

bib/

Aff>

<ht

tp:/

/um

bc.e

du/>

._:

j109

49 <

http

://w

ww

.w3.

org/

1999

/02/

22-r

df-s

ynta

x-ns

#ty

pe>

<

Des

crip

tion>

.<

http

://u

mbc

.edu

/~fin

in/t

alks

/idm

02/>

<

http

://p

url.o

rg/d

c/el

emen

ts/1

.1/C

reat

or>

_:j

1094

9 .

<ht

tp:/

/um

bc.e

du/~

finin

/tal

ks/id

m02

/> <

http

://w

ww

.w3.

org/

1999

/02/

22-r

df-

synt

ax-n

s#ty

pe>

<D

escr

iptio

n> .

Not

e th

e ge

nsym

for

the

ano

nym

ous

node

(N

ote

the

gens

ym f

or t

he a

nony

mou

s no

de (

_:j1

0949

))

UM

BC

UM

BC

an H

onor

s U

nive

rsity

in M

aryl

and

an H

onor

s U

nive

rsity

in M

aryl

and

3636

Trip

le N

otes

Trip

le N

otes

RD

F tr

iple

s h

ave

one

of t

wo

form

s:R

DF

trip

les

hav

e on

e of

tw

o fo

rms:

<U

RI>

<U

RI>

<U

RI>

<U

RI>

<U

RI>

<U

RI>

<U

RI>

<U

RI>

<qu

oted

str

ing>

<U

RI>

<U

RI>

<qu

oted

str

ing>

Trip

les

are

also

eas

ily m

appe

d in

to lo

gic

Trip

les

are

also

eas

ily m

appe

d in

to lo

gic

<su

bjec

t> <

pred

icat

e> <

obje

ct>

<su

bjec

t> <

pred

icat

e> <

obje

ct>

<pr

edic

ate>

(<su

bjec

t>,<

obje

ct>

)<

pred

icat

e>(<

subj

ect>

,<ob

ject

>)

With

typ

e(<

S>,<

O>

) be

com

ing

<O

>(<

S>)

With

typ

e(<

S>,<

O>

) be

com

ing

<O

>(<

S>)

Exam

ple:

Exam

ple:

subc

lass

(man

,per

son)

subc

lass

(man

,per

son)

sex(

man

,mal

e)se

x(m

an,m

ale)

dom

ain(

sex,

anim

al)

dom

ain(

sex,

anim

al)

man

(ada

m)

man

(ada

m)

age(

adam

,100

)ag

e(ad

am,1

00)

Trip

les

are

easi

ly s

tore

d an

d m

anag

ed in

a D

BM

STr

iple

s ar

e ea

sily

sto

red

and

man

aged

in a

DB

MS

; N

ote:

we’

re n

ot

; sh

owin

g th

e ac

tual

;

URI

s fo

r cl

arity

Page 10

NSF

IDM

Wor

ksho

p M

ay 6

, 200

2Ti

m F

inin

, mai

lto:fi

nin@

umbc

.edu 10

UM

BC

UM

BC

an H

onor

s U

nive

rsity

in M

aryl

and

an H

onor

s U

nive

rsity

in M

aryl

and

3737

N3

not

atio

n f

or R

DF

N3

not

atio

n f

or R

DF

N3

is a

com

pact

not

atio

n fo

r tr

iple

s w

hich

is e

asie

r N

3 is

a c

ompa

ct n

otat

ion

for

trip

les

whi

ch is

eas

ier

for

peop

le t

o re

ad a

nd e

dit

for

peop

le t

o re

ad a

nd e

dit

Exam

ple:

Exam

ple:

@pr

efix

log:

@

pref

ix lo

g:

<ht

tp:/

/ww

w.w

3.or

g/20

00/1

0/sw

ap/lo

g#>

.<

http

://w

ww

.w3.

org/

2000

/10/

swap

/log#

> .

:Per

son

a rd

fs:C

lass

.:P

erso

n a

rdfs

:Cla

ss.

:Wom

an a

rdf

s:Cl

ass;

rdf

s:su

bCla

ssO

f :P

erso

n .

:Wom

an a

rdf

s:Cl

ass;

rdf

s:su

bCla

ssO

f :P

erso

n .

:Eve

a :

Wom

an;

age

“100

”.:E

ve a

:W

oman

; ag

e “1

00”.

:sis

ter

a rd

f:Pr

oper

ty.

:sis

ter

a rd

f:Pr

oper

ty.

:sis

ter

rdfs

:dom

ain

:Per

son;

rdf

s:ra

nge

:Wom

an.

:sis

ter

rdfs

:dom

ain

:Per

son;

rdf

s:ra

nge

:Wom

an.

UM

BC

UM

BC

an H

onor

s U

nive

rsity

in M

aryl

and

an H

onor

s U

nive

rsity

in M

aryl

and

3838

RD

F Sc

hem

a (R

DFS

)R

DF

Sch

ema

(RD

FS)

RD

F Sc

hem

a ad

ds

RD

F Sc

hem

a ad

ds

taxo

nom

ies

for

taxo

nom

ies

for

clas

ses

& p

rope

rtie

scl

asse

s &

pro

pert

ies

subC

lass

and

sub

Prop

erty

subC

lass

and

sub

Prop

erty

and

som

e m

etad

ata.

and

som

e m

etad

ata.

dom

ain

and

rang

edo

mai

n an

d ra

nge

cons

trai

nts

on p

rope

rtie

sco

nstr

aint

s on

pro

pert

ies

Seve

ral w

idel

y u

sed

Seve

ral w

idel

y u

sed

KB

too

ls c

an im

port

KB

too

ls c

an im

port

and

expo

rt in

RD

FSan

d ex

port

in R

DFS

Stan

ford

Pro

tégé

KB

edi

tor

Stan

ford

Pro

tégé

KB

edi

tor

•Ja

va, o

pen

sour

ced

•ex

tens

ible

, lot

s of

plu

g-in

s•

prov

ides

rea

soni

ng &

ser

ver

capa

bilit

ies

UM

BC

UM

BC

an H

onor

s U

nive

rsity

in M

aryl

and

an H

onor

s U

nive

rsity

in M

aryl

and

3939

New

and

Im

prov

ed!

100%

Bet

ter

than

XM

L!!

New

and

N

ew a

nd

Impr

oved

!Im

prov

ed!

100%

Bet

ter

100%

Bet

ter

than

XM

L!!

than

XM

L!!

RD

FS s

upp

orts

sim

ple

infe

ren

ces

RD

FS s

upp

orts

sim

ple

infe

ren

ces

An R

DF

onto

logy

plu

s so

me

RD

FAn

RD

F on

tolo

gy p

lus

som

e RD

Fst

atem

ents

may

impl

y ad

ditio

nal R

DF

stat

emen

ts.

stat

emen

ts m

ay im

ply

addi

tiona

l RD

F st

atem

ents

.Th

is is

not

tru

e of

XM

L.Th

is is

not

tru

e of

XM

L.Ex

ampl

e:Ex

ampl

e:do

mai

n(pa

rent

,per

son)

dom

ain(

pare

nt,p

erso

n)ra

nge(

pare

nt,p

erso

n)ra

nge(

pare

nt,p

erso

n)su

bpro

pert

y(m

othe

r,pa

rent

)su

bpro

pert

y(m

othe

r,pa

rent

)ra

nge(

mot

her,

wom

an)

rang

e(m

othe

r,w

oman

)m

othe

r(ev

e,ca

in)

mot

her(

eve,

cain

)

This

is

This

is p

art

of t

he

data

mod

elpa

rt o

f th

e da

ta m

odel

and

not

of t

he

and

not

of t

he

acce

ssin

g/pr

oces

sing

cod

eac

cess

ing/

proc

essi

ng c

ode

Impl

ies:

subc

lass

(wom

an,p

erso

n)pa

rent

(eve

,cai

n)pe

rson

(eve

)pe

rson

(cai

n)w

oman

(eve

)

Impl

ies:

Impl

ies:

subc

lass

(wom

an,p

erso

n)pa

rent

(eve

,cai

n)pe

rson

(eve

)pe

rson

(cai

n)w

oman

(eve

)

ontologyinstance

UM

BC

UM

BC

an H

onor

s U

nive

rsity

in M

aryl

and

an H

onor

s U

nive

rsity

in M

aryl

and

4040

RD

F is

bei

ng

alre

ady

in u

seR

DF

is b

ein

g al

read

y in

use

RD

F h

as a

sol

id s

peci

fica

tion

RD

F h

as a

sol

id s

peci

fica

tion

See

the

RD

F m

odel

the

ory

spec

-ht

tp:/

/ww

w.w

3.or

g/TR

/rdf

-mt/

RD

F is

bei

ng

use

d in

a n

um

ber

of W

3C

spe

cifi

cati

ons

RD

F is

bei

ng

use

d in

a n

um

ber

of W

3C

spe

cifi

cati

ons

CC/P

P (C

ompo

site

Cap

abili

ties/

Pref

eren

ce P

rofil

es)

http

://w

ww

.w3.

org/

Mob

ile/C

CPP/

P3P

(Pla

tfor

m f

or P

rivac

y Pr

efer

ence

s Pr

ojec

t)

http

://w

ww

.w3.

org/

P3P/

An

d in

oth

er w

eb s

tan

dard

sA

nd

in o

ther

web

sta

nda

rds

RSS

1.0

(RD

F Si

te S

umm

ary)

RD

F ca

lend

ar (

~ iC

alen

dar

in R

DF)

An

d in

oth

er s

yste

ms

An

d in

oth

er s

yste

ms

Net

scap

e’s

Moz

illa

web

bro

wse

rO

pen

dire

ctor

y (h

ttp:

//dm

oz.o

rg/)

Adob

e pr

oduc

ts v

ia X

MP

(eXt

ensi

ble

Met

adat

a Pl

atfo

rm)