The Science of Marine Biology Chapter 1 The Science of Marine Biology Nearly all disciplines of biology are represented Oceanography Geological ocanographers.

The Science of Marine Biology

Chapter 1

The Science of Marine Biology

Nearly all disciplines of biology are represented

Oceanography Geological ocanographersChemical oceanographersPhysical oceanographers

The History of Marine Biology

Archaeologists have found remains of “clambakes” from the Stone Age

Tomb of an Egyptian pharaoh shows warning signs

What is good to eat? What is bad to eat?

Ancient Pacific Islanders passed down knowledgeUsing wind, wave, and current patterns to navigate

vast distances

Phoenicians – first accomplished western navigators Mediterranean, Black Sea, Indian Ocean

Aristotle Considered the first

marine biologist Gills

History of Marine Biology Scientific Inquiry came to a

grinding halt in most of Europe.

9th and 10th centuries the Vikings continued to explore the northern Atlantic.

Leif Eriksson – North America. A.D. 995

1492- Christopher Columbus

1519- Ferdinand Magellan

James Cook An English sea captain.

One of the first to make scientific observations Included a full time

naturalist among his crew

3 voyages (1768) Explored all the oceans First European to see

Antarctic ice fields First to land in Hawaii,

New Zeland, Pacific Islands

Chromometer

Charles Darwin1831 – HMS Beagle

Primary mission – map coastlines

Theory of evolution by natural selection

Coral Reef Atoll

Nets to capture plankton

Challenger ExpeditionPage 6

Who is Edward Forbes?

What contributions to marine biology did he make?

Who funded Forbe and his crew on the first major oceanographic expedition?

How long did the expedition last?

How long did it take to publish all the information gathered?

What made the Challenger Expedition so monumental?

The Growth of Marine LabsSmall ships with limited room for scientists

Studied using the dead material and organisms brought back

Curiosity! How did these organisms live and function?

Couldn’t study the ocean from ships so they studied it from the shoreLive organisms

Limited equipment Needed facilities (woods hole)

WWII- SonarMajor effect on development in Marine Biology.

New Technology

Sound Navigation Ranging- Developed in response to growing importance of submarine warfare.

How does it work?Detection of underwater echoes

Marine Biology Labs grow

SCUBA

Exit Ticket 1)Who was considered the

first marine biologist?

A) James Cook

B) Charles Darwin

C) Aristotle

D) Leif Erikson

2) True or False? Marine Biology is a fairly new discipline because scientists have only recently learned how collect samples and navigate it.

3) in 1831 Darwin set sail on the HMS Beagle. What was the primary mission of that voyage?

4)

A) What was sonar developed for during WWII

B) Name one way the field of marine biology benefited from this technology

Name Game