The Saigon CTT Semester 1 CHAPTER 8 Le Chi Trung.

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Semester 1Semester 1

CHAPTER 8CHAPTER 8

Le Chi TrungLe Chi Trung

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ContentContent

• Network design and documentation.

• Planning structured cabling.

• Design practices.

• Electricity and grounding.

• Network power supply.

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ScheduleSchedule

DateLesson Lab

No Name Est time No Name Est Time

27-Aug   Chapter 7 Online Exam        

  8.1 Basics network design and documentations 0:20:00      

  8.2 Wiring closet specifications 0:20:00      

  8.3 Identifying potential wiring closets 0:20:00      

  8.4 Selection practice     Homework  

29-Aug 8.5 Horizontal and backbone cabling 0:30:00      

  8.6 Electricity and grounding 0:15:00      

  8.7 Cabling and grounding 0:15:00      

  8.8 A wiring plan for Ethernet star topology LAN 0:15:00      

  8.9 Multiple earth ground problems 0:15:00      

  8.10 Power line problems 0:15:00      

  8.11 Surge suppressors and UPS functions 0:15:00      

31-Aug   Chapter 8 Online Exam        

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NETWORK NETWORK

DESIGN AND DOCUMENTATIONDESIGN AND DOCUMENTATION

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General design processGeneral design process

1. Develop a Layer 1 LAN topology:– The type of cable (fiber, coaxial, CAT 5 …).

– The physical (wiring) topology.

– Types of Ethernet topologies.

– Hub, repeater, closet, patch panel ...

2. Develop a Layer 2 LAN topology:– To add Layer 2 devices to your topology to

improve its capabilities.

3. Develop a Layer 3 LAN topology:– Build scalable inter-networks.

– Link to WANs.

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Network design issuesNetwork design issues

• Gather information about the organization.

• Analyze and assess of the current and projected requirements.

• Identify the resources and constraints of the organization.

• Document the information in the framework of a format report.

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Network design processNetwork design process

• Designer: person doing the design.

• Client: person who has requested, and is probably paying for, the design.

• Users: persons who will be using the product.

• Brainstorming: generation of creative ideas for the design.

• Specifications development: usually numbers which will measure how well the design works.

• Building and testing: to meet client objectives and satisfy certain standards.

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General design methodologyGeneral design methodology

• Problem solving cycle.

• Problem solving matrix.

• Brainstorming.

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Problem solving cycleProblem solving cycle

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Problem solving matrixProblem solving matrix

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BrainstormingBrainstorming

– Quantity of ideas.

– No censorship of ideas.

– Building upon others ideas.

– Wildest ideas possible.

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Network design documentsNetwork design documents

• Engineering journal.

• Logical topology.

• Physical topology.

• Cut sheets.

• Problem-solving matrices.

• Labeled outlets.

• Labeled cable runs.

• Summary of outlets and cable runs.

• Summary of devices, addresses.

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ReviewReview

• Understand about design process.

• Design documentation.

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PLANNING STRUCTURED CABLINGPLANNING STRUCTURED CABLING

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Cabling standardCabling standard

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Cabling terminologiesCabling terminologies

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Horizontal cabling componentsHorizontal cabling components

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Horizontal cabling structureHorizontal cabling structure

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Horizontal cablesHorizontal cables

• 4-pair 100 Ω UTP. 

• 2 fiber (duplex) 62.5/125 µm or multimode optical fiber.

• 50/125 µm multimode fiber will be allowed in ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.

• A minimum of two telecommunication outlets are required for each individual work area.

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Wiring closet:Wiring closet: Overview Overview

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Wiring closet: Wiring closet: SpecificationSpecification

• A central point of a star topology.

• Where the horizontal cabling runs must be attached and the patch panel must be installed.

• The size will vary with the size of the LAN and the types of equipment required to operate it:– Each floor must have a minimum of one

wiring closet.

– Each 1000 m2 have a wiring closet.

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Wiring closet:Wiring closet: Size Size

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Wiring closet: Wiring closet: EnvironmentalEnvironmental

• Materials for walls, floors, and ceilings.

• Temperature and humidity.

• Locations and types of lighting.

• Power outlets.

• Room and equipment access.

• Cable access and support.

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Wiring closet:Wiring closet: Wall, floor and ceiling Wall, floor and ceiling

20mm plywood that is at least 2.4m

• Minimum load capacity.

• Raised floor or Ladder Rack Support.

• Tiled, or some other type of finished surface.

Rooms must not have a dropped, or false, ceiling

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Wiring closet:Wiring closet: HVAC HVAC

HVAC : Heating/Ventilation/Air Conditioning

No water or steam pipes running through or above the room.

Temperature : 21OC

Relative humidity : 30% - 50%

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Wiring closet: Wiring closet: Lighting and PowerLighting and Power

• Minimum of two dedicated, non-switched, AC duplex electrical outlet.

• At least one duplex power outlet positioned every 1.8m along each wall.

• Power outlet should be positioned 150 mm above the floor.

• A lighting switch should be placed immediately inside the door.

• Florescent lighting should be avoided for cable pathways.

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Wiring closet: Wiring closet: Room and equipmentRoom and equipment

Wiring hub and patch panel were mounted to a wall with a hinged wall bracket.

Wiring hub and patch panel were

mounted with distribution rack

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Wiring closet: Wiring closet: Cable accessCable access

• All horizontal cabling that runs from work areas to a wiring closet should be run under a raised floor.

• When this is not possible, the cabling should be run through 10.2 cm sleeves that are placed above door level.

Any wall/ceiling openings thatprovide access for the conduit.

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Wiring closet: Wiring closet: IdentificationIdentification

• Draw a floor plan approximately to scale.

• Identify the devices that will be connected to the network.

• MDF is secure locations that are close to the POP.

• Choose potential wiring closet locations.

• Determining number of wiring closets.

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Wiring closet: Wiring closet: Floor planFloor plan

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Wiring closet: Wiring closet: Star topologyStar topology

Draw circles that represent

a radius of 50m from potential

wiring closets.

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Wiring closet: Wiring closet: Catchment areaCatchment area

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Wiring closet: Wiring closet: Potential location (PW)Potential location (PW)

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Wiring closet: Wiring closet: Identification PWIdentification PW

• If there are any potential wiring closet whose catchment areas substantially overlap, you could probably eliminate one of the wiring closet.

• If there are any potential wiring closet whose catchment areas can contain all of the devices that are to be connected to the network, then one of them could serve as the wiring closet for the entire.

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Wiring closet: Wiring closet: PracticePractice

1. Do any of the circles overlap?

2. Can any of the PW locations be eliminated?

3. Do any of the circles provide coverage for all of the devices that will be connected to the network?

4. Which of the PW locations seems to be the best?

5. Are there any circles where only a few of the devices fall outside the catchment area?

6. Which PW is closest to the POP?

7. Based on your findings, list the three best possible locations for wiring closets.

8. Based on your findings, how many wiring closets do you believe will be required for this network?

9. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each of the PW?

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Wiring closet: Wiring closet: Practice (cont.)Practice (cont.)

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Wiring closet: Wiring closet: Practice (PWs)Practice (PWs)

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Wiring closet: Wiring closet: HOMEWORKHOMEWORK

• Teamwork: – 5 groups.

• Object: – Identification wiring closets for floor plan.

• Presentation: – 5-10 minutes per group.

• Tools:– Microsoft Visio, Microsoft PowerPoint…

• Feedback:– From other students.

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Multiple Wiring closet: Multiple Wiring closet: MDF and IDFMDF and IDF

• MDF:MDF: Main distribution facility

• IDF:IDF: Intermediate distribution facility.

• MDF:MDF: Main distribution facility

• IDF:IDF: Intermediate distribution facility.

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Multiple Wiring closet: Multiple Wiring closet: Multi-storyMulti-story

The MDF is usually located on one of the middle floors of the

building, even though the POP might be located

on the first floor, or in the basement.

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Backbone: Backbone: ComponentsComponents

• Backbone cabling runs.

• Intermediate and main cross-connects.

• Patch cords used for backbone-to-backbone cross-connections.

– Vertical networking media between wiring closets on different floors.

– Networking media between the MDF and the POP.

– Networking media used between buildings in a multi-building campus.

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Backbone: Backbone: StructureStructure

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Backbone: Backbone: MediaMedia

• 100 Ω UTP (four-pair).

• 150 Ω STP (two-pair).

• 62.5/125 µm multimode optical fiber.

• Single-mode optical fiber.

Although TIA/EIA-568-A recognizes 50Ω coaxial cable, generally, it is not recommended for new installations.

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Backbone: Backbone: TIA/EIA-568-ATIA/EIA-568-A

A. Each IDF can be connected directly to the main distribution facility.

– IDF: horizontal cross-connect (HCC).

– MDF: main cross-connect (MCC).

B. 1st IDF interconnected to a 2nd IDF. The 2nd IDF is then connected to the MDF.

– 2nd IDF: intermediate cross-connect (ICC).

– No more than one ICC can be passed through to reach the MCC.

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Backbone: Backbone: TIA/EIA-568-A (type A)TIA/EIA-568-A (type A)

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Backbone: Backbone: TIA/EIA-568-A (type B)TIA/EIA-568-A (type B)

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Backbone: Backbone: Maximum distanceMaximum distance

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Backbone: Backbone: Single mode FO (type A)Single mode FO (type A)

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Backbone: Backbone: Single mode FO (type B)Single mode FO (type B)

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ReviewReview

• What is a wiring closet and how to identify the wiring closets?

• What is the backbone cabling?

• What are HCC, ICC and MCC?

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DESIGN PRACTICESDESIGN PRACTICES

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Design 1: Design 1: OverviewOverview

1. The campus has three buildings.

2. Each building is two stories tall.

3. The dimensions of the main building are 40 m. x 37 m.

4. The dimensions of both the east building and the west building are 40 m. x 23 m.

5. Each building has a different earth ground.

6. Each building has only a single earth ground.

7. All floors are covered with ceramic tile, unless otherwise specified.

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Design 1: Design 1: Ethernet star topologyEthernet star topology

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Design 1: Design 1: Main buildingMain building

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Design 1: Design 1: East buildingEast building

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Design 1: Design 1: West buildingWest building

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Design 1: Design 1: Your planYour plan

1. Location of the MDF.

2. Location and number of IDFs.

3. Identity of IDFs used as HCCs.

4. Identity of IDFs used as ICCs.

5. Location of all backbone cabling runs between MDF and IDFs.

6. Location of any backbone cabling runs between IDFs.

7. Location of all horizontal cabling runs from IDFs to work areas.

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Design 1: Design 1: PreparationPreparation

• Teamwork: – 5 groups.

• Presentation: – 10 minutes per group.

• Tools:– Microsoft Visio, Microsoft PowerPoint…

• Feedback:– From other students.

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Design 2: Design 2: OverviewOverview

1. The campus has three buildings.

2. Each building is two stories tall.

3. The dimensions of the main building are 40m. x 37m.

4. The dimensions of both the east building and the west building are 40m. x 23m.

5. Each building has a different earth ground.

6. Each building has only a single earth ground.

7. All floors are covered with ceramic tile, unless otherwise specified.

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Design 2: Design 2: Multiple earth groupMultiple earth group

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ReviewReview

• Present your solution for design 1.

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ELECTRICITY AND GROUNDINGELECTRICITY AND GROUNDING

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AC and DCAC and DC

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AC Line noiseAC Line noise

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Electrostatic discharge (ESD)Electrostatic discharge (ESD)

• Static electricity.

• The most damaging and uncontrollable form of electricity.

• ESD must be dealt with in order to protect sensitive electronic equipment.

• ESDs can destroy semiconductors.

• A solution that can help solve problems that arise from ESD is good grounding.

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Safety groundingSafety grounding

• Third connector in power socket is called the safety ground connection.

• The safety ground wire is connected to any exposed metal part of equipments.

• The motherboards and computing circuits in computing equipment are electrically connected to the chassis, this also connects them to the safety grounding wire.

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Purpose of safety groundingPurpose of safety grounding

• Be used to dissipate static electricity.

• Prevent such metal parts from becoming energized with a hazardous voltage resulting from a wiring fault inside the device.

• Whenever an electrical current is passed through this path into the ground, it causes protective devices such as circuit breakers to activate.

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Grounding wireGrounding wire

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Multi-ground connectionsMulti-ground connections

• Large buildings frequently require more than one earth ground.

• Separate earth grounds for each building are required in multi-building campuses.

• When ground wires in separate locations have slightly different potential (voltage), to the common and hot wires, they can present a serious problem.

• This errant potential voltage would have the ability to severely damage delicate computer memory chips.

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Network devices on separate buildingNetwork devices on separate building

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Dangerous circuitDangerous circuit

• Due to the ground wires for the devices in one location having a slightly different potential to both the common and hotwires than the ground wires for the devices in the second location.

• Anyone touching the chassis of a device on the network would receive a nasty shock.

• A good way to avoid having current pass through the body, and through the heart, is to use the one hand rule.

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Avoiding dangerous circuitAvoiding dangerous circuit

• TIA/EIA-568-A specifications for backbone cabling permit the use of fiber optic cable, as well as UTP cable.

• When multiple buildings are to be networked, it is highly desirable to use fiber-optic cable as the backbone.

• Whenever copper is used for backbone cabling, it can provide a pathway for lighting strikes to enter a building.

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ReviewReview

• What are the purposes of safety grounding?

• How to avoid dangerous circuit?

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NETWORK POWER SUPPLYNETWORK POWER SUPPLY

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Power problemPower problem

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Normal mode and common modeNormal mode and common mode

• Normal mode problems do not, ordinarily, pose a hazard to you or to your computer. This is because they are usually intercepted by a computer's power supply, an uninterruptible power supply, or an AC power line filter.

• Common mode problems, on the other hand, can go directly to a computer's chassis without an intervening filter. Therefore they can do more damage to data signals than normal mode problems. In addition, they are harder to detect.

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Power line problem: Power line problem: Total lossTotal loss

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Power line problem: Power line problem: Sag and SurgeSag and Surge

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Power line problem: Power line problem: SpikeSpike

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Power line problem: Power line problem: NoiseNoise

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Power problems damagePower problems damage

• Lockups.

• Loss of memory.

• Problems in retrieving data.

• Altered data.

• Garbling.

Protection products can save your data equipment from damage caused by direct

contact with lightning, power lines, or electrostatic discharge.

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Protection solutionsProtection solutions

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Surge protectorSurge protector

• To protect the system equipment from surges introduced between the building entrance and the system equipment, install the inline surge protector between those two points and as close as possible to the equipment being protected.

• To protect the system equipment from surges introduced between the system equipment and the work area, install the inline surge protector between those two points and as close as possible to the equipment being protected.

• To protect the work area equipment that is connected to the Local Exchange Carrier (LEC), Campus Backbone Cabling or System Equipment. If the work area equipment operates over more than one-pair, install the inline surge protector as close as possible to the equipment being protected.

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Surge suppressorSurge suppressor

• Prevent surges and spikes from damaging the networking device.

• A device called a metal oxide varistor (MOV) is most often used as this type of surge suppressor.

• Protects the networking devices by redirecting excess voltages, that occur during spikes and surges, to a ground.

• This type of surge suppressor has a limited lifetime.

• This type of surge suppressor would not be the best choice for your network.

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Uninterruptible Power SupplyUninterruptible Power Supply

• An uninterruptible power source is designed to handle only short-duration power outages.

• If a LAN requires uninterrupted power, even during power outages that could last several hours, then a generator would be needed to supplement the backup provided by a UPS.

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UPS ComponentsUPS Components

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UPS TypesUPS Types

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ReviewReview

• Power line problems.

• The solutions for power problems.

• Purposes of UPS.

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