The Rome Republic Chap 14 6th Grade

The Rome RepublicThe Rome Republic

Chapter 14Chapter 14

509 BC – 30 BC509 BC – 30 BC

The GovernmentThe Government

2 Consuls

Senate

300 Senators

Judges Assemblies Tribunes

Hierarchy of Government

Chosen for life

Veto power

Administrators/Military leaders

handled daily problems

protected rights of plebians

The Twelve TablesThe Twelve Tables

Roman law not written downRoman law not written down 450 BC 12 bronze tablets450 BC 12 bronze tablets Foundation for future Roman LawFoundation for future Roman Law Steps toward a democratic societySteps toward a democratic society

Section 2Section 2

Feared Etruscan RevivalFeared Etruscan Revival InvasionInvasion alliancealliance

290 BC – leading power in Central Italy290 BC – leading power in Central Italy

Legions- strong army (5000)Legions- strong army (5000) Subgroups of 60-120Subgroups of 60-120

Legionaries- soldiersLegionaries- soldiers

Legions vs. PhalanxLegions vs. Phalanx

LegionsLegions Smaller/move Smaller/move

fasterfaster Fight Fight

independentlyindependently Move to all sides of Move to all sides of

enemyenemy

PhalanxPhalanx Fought as groupFought as group 1 direction to fight 1 direction to fight

enemyenemy

Legions as a Fighting ForceLegions as a Fighting Force

Well trainedWell trained Practiced with double edged swordsPracticed with double edged swords Built fortified camps before nightfall Built fortified camps before nightfall

when on the movewhen on the move Built roads from lava block for easier Built roads from lava block for easier

transportation of suppliestransportation of supplies

Those who were Those who were conquered…conquered…

Romans – mild rulersRomans – mild rulers Did not tax those they conquered (at Did not tax those they conquered (at

first)first) Allowed to keep their own governmentAllowed to keep their own government Some allowed to become citizensSome allowed to become citizens IN RETURNIN RETURN Serve in armyServe in army Support Roman foreign policySupport Roman foreign policy

Roman ExpansionRoman Expansion

Section 3Section 3

The set-upThe set-up Romans still conquering landsRomans still conquering lands Moved towards Phoenician city-CarthageMoved towards Phoenician city-Carthage Carthage controlledCarthage controlled

North & West AfricaNorth & West Africa Most of present day SpainMost of present day Spain Western ½ of SicilyWestern ½ of Sicily

Romans wanted SicilyRomans wanted Sicily Felt threatened by CarthaginiansFelt threatened by Carthaginians Had some good grain on the islandHad some good grain on the island

Started 264 B.C.Started 264 B.C. Lasted 23 years!Lasted 23 years! Carthage power rested in a strong navyCarthage power rested in a strong navy Rome power came from its armyRome power came from its army Romans found Carthaginian ship on beachRomans found Carthaginian ship on beach

Modeled a ship after itModeled a ship after it Corvus – movable bridge-improvementCorvus – movable bridge-improvement Allowed Romans to board their shipsAllowed Romans to board their ships

Romans defeated them in 241 BC- Romans defeated them in 241 BC- Carthaginians left SicilyCarthaginians left Sicily

218 B.C.218 B.C. Carthaginians started this oneCarthaginians started this one Led by General Hannibal BarcaLed by General Hannibal Barca Surprise attack from the North through Gaul Surprise attack from the North through Gaul

(present day France) - Then over Alps (present day France) - Then over Alps Used elephants for transportationUsed elephants for transportation Successful until he marched into RomeSuccessful until he marched into Rome Didn’t have equipment need to break city Didn’t have equipment need to break city

wallswalls

Rome controlled the Navy and the SeaRome controlled the Navy and the Sea Hannibal wasn’t getting any supplies!Hannibal wasn’t getting any supplies! Wandered for 15 years on S. Italy Wandered for 15 years on S. Italy

Raiding, burning towns, being rotten Raiding, burning towns, being rotten scoundrels!scoundrels!

Rome attacked CarthageRome attacked Carthage Hannibal called to protect itHannibal called to protect it

FailedFailed Carthage paid $$$, gave up all its land and its Carthage paid $$$, gave up all its land and its

resources –copper, gold, lead, ironresources –copper, gold, lead, iron

50 years of peace50 years of peace Carthage began to regain powerCarthage began to regain power Rome put the “thumbs down” on thatRome put the “thumbs down” on that 149 BC attacked149 BC attacked Burned CarthageBurned Carthage Ruined land – salt to earthRuined land – salt to earth Killed the people/sold into slaveryKilled the people/sold into slavery

Same time people of Corinth rose up Same time people of Corinth rose up against Rome, bad ideaagainst Rome, bad idea

Corinth attacked – burned to the Corinth attacked – burned to the groundground

Places under Roman controlPlaces under Roman control Macedonia, Syria, GreeceMacedonia, Syria, Greece

What happened to Carthage in the What happened to Carthage in the Third Punic War?Third Punic War?

What happened to Carthage in the What happened to Carthage in the Third Punic War?Third Punic War?

City was burned, land was destroyed City was burned, land was destroyed by plowing salt into the land, people by plowing salt into the land, people killed/sold into slaverykilled/sold into slavery

Who led the Carthaginians in the 2Who led the Carthaginians in the 2ndnd Punic War?Punic War?

Who led the Carthaginians in the 2Who led the Carthaginians in the 2ndnd Punic War?Punic War?

HannibalHannibal

What unusual mode of transportation What unusual mode of transportation did they use?did they use?

What unusual mode of transportation What unusual mode of transportation did they use?did they use?

ElephantsElephants

Section 4Section 4

Changes in Rome Changes in Rome and its peopleand its people

Small Small FarmsFarms

Big Big EstatesEstates

Many Many free free peoplepeople

Coming of Coming of slaveryslavery

Farm lifeFarm life City lifeCity life

FlourishinFlourishing g democratdemocratic society ic society

Decline of Decline of Roman Roman RepublicRepublic

Let’s break it down!Let’s break it down!

Agricultural Agricultural changeschanges

Hard work

Service To Rome

Grew wheat

LatifundiasCrops,sheepCattle-sellAt market

Importedwheat

SmallFarmer

Why the change?Why the change?

Main reason-Main reason- Hannibal’s invasionHannibal’s invasion

His soldiers lived off landHis soldiers lived off land Roman farmers burned fields/crops to keep away Roman farmers burned fields/crops to keep away

from Hannibal’s menfrom Hannibal’s men Noble, but ruined landNoble, but ruined land No $ to fix farms, land after war for average guyNo $ to fix farms, land after war for average guy Patricians and rich business men bought small Patricians and rich business men bought small

farmsfarms Combined them to make latifundiasCombined them to make latifundias

Introduction of SlaveryIntroduction of Slavery

Remember the kind, gentle Roman Remember the kind, gentle Roman take over? All Gone!take over? All Gone!

Greece, Syria, Carthage all had slavesGreece, Syria, Carthage all had slaves All were very wealthyAll were very wealthy Romans impressed with how they used Romans impressed with how they used

the slavesthe slaves Began enslaving the people they Began enslaving the people they

conqueredconquered Worked them in the latifundiasWorked them in the latifundias

Tradin’ in the plow for a tie!Tradin’ in the plow for a tie!

Once the little guy sold his landOnce the little guy sold his land Stay and work for new ownerStay and work for new owner Go to the city for workGo to the city for work

Most did thisMost did this Living conditions badLiving conditions bad

Crowded into wooded apartment type buildingsCrowded into wooded apartment type buildings No aqueducts for waterNo aqueducts for water No sewer systems eitherNo sewer systems either Buildings often collapsed/burnedBuildings often collapsed/burned Widespread TyphusWidespread Typhus

Little industry in RomeLittle industry in Rome Farmers were mainly construction Farmers were mainly construction

workersworkers Businesses staffed by enslaved Businesses staffed by enslaved

people from Greecepeople from Greece Main way to get money was to sell Main way to get money was to sell

their “votes” to politicians their “votes” to politicians

What goes up, must come What goes up, must come down!down!

The bigger Rome got, the more The bigger Rome got, the more demands they made upon its peopledemands they made upon its people Demanded taxesDemanded taxes Slaves from conquered areasSlaves from conquered areas Tax contracts-Tax contracts-

Publicans prepaid taxes; then collected from Publicans prepaid taxes; then collected from conquered lands-at a higher rate (10%)conquered lands-at a higher rate (10%)

Cutting off you nose in spite of Cutting off you nose in spite of your face. . .your face. . .

135 BC Rome is feeling consequences for its 135 BC Rome is feeling consequences for its actionsactions

Farmers lost their economic & political Farmers lost their economic & political independence with loss of their landindependence with loss of their land

Merchants lost wealth- rich Romans bought luxuries Merchants lost wealth- rich Romans bought luxuries elsewhereelsewhere

Artisans lost work – rich Romans looked to Artisans lost work – rich Romans looked to Greece/Syria for goodsGreece/Syria for goods

Government officials too busy getting rich- not Government officials too busy getting rich- not minding the “store”minding the “store”

Huge division between rich/poor now-not politically Huge division between rich/poor now-not politically stablestable

What is a Latifundias?What is a Latifundias?

What is a Latifundias?What is a Latifundias?

Large farming Large farming estateestate

What is a publican?What is a publican?

What is a publican?What is a publican?

Roman Tax Roman Tax CollectorsCollectors

What did Roman farmers do to keep What did Roman farmers do to keep Hannibal’s armies from using their Hannibal’s armies from using their land?land?

What did Roman farmers do to keep What did Roman farmers do to keep Hannibal’s armies from using their Hannibal’s armies from using their land?land?

Burned their fields Burned their fields and cropsand crops

Section 5Section 5

The ReformersThe Reformers

Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus-133 BCTiberius Sempronius Gracchus-133 BC Thought making small farmers leave their land Thought making small farmers leave their land

caused Rome’s troublescaused Rome’s troubles Became a tribune – wanted to limit how much Became a tribune – wanted to limit how much

land 1 person could ownland 1 person could own Wanted to divide up public land and give it to Wanted to divide up public land and give it to

the poorthe poor Another tribune vetoed his idea; he talked to Another tribune vetoed his idea; he talked to

the assembly-got his idea in-other tribune outthe assembly-got his idea in-other tribune out Ran for 2Ran for 2ndnd term-against law term-against law Senate staged a riot-got he and hundreds of Senate staged a riot-got he and hundreds of

followers killed followers killed

123 BC Gaius Sempronius Gracchus 123 BC Gaius Sempronius Gracchus (brother) elected tribune(brother) elected tribune

Thought should move poor back to the Thought should move poor back to the countrycountry

Continued work of his brotherContinued work of his brother Had government take over wheat salesHad government take over wheat sales

Sold to poor –below marketSold to poor –below market Soon given away – 1 out of 3 got free wheatSoon given away – 1 out of 3 got free wheat Senate began to feel threatened-had him killedSenate began to feel threatened-had him killed

The GeneralsThe Generals

107 BC General Gaius Marius107 BC General Gaius Marius Military heroMilitary hero Son of a day laborerSon of a day laborer 11stst lower class Roman to be elected to high lower class Roman to be elected to high

officeoffice Supported by military Supported by military Wanted to set up a professional armyWanted to set up a professional army

Open to everyone; not just property ownersOpen to everyone; not just property owners Convinced poor to join by offering pay, land, pensionsConvinced poor to join by offering pay, land, pensions People loyal to the general/not the governmentPeople loyal to the general/not the government

But I Want It!!!!!!!But I Want It!!!!!!!

General Lucius Cornelius SullaGeneral Lucius Cornelius Sulla Given a military postGiven a military post Marius wanted the same postMarius wanted the same post Marius tried to get Assembly to take it Marius tried to get Assembly to take it

away from Sulla and give it to himaway from Sulla and give it to him Sulla got mad and marched into Rome-Sulla got mad and marched into Rome-

Civil War ensuedCivil War ensued Sulla declared himself “Dictator” at his Sulla declared himself “Dictator” at his

victoryvictory

Immediately increased power of Immediately increased power of Senate-doubled their sizeSenate-doubled their size

Weakened power of tribuneWeakened power of tribune Generals could only hold command 1 Generals could only hold command 1

yryr

Julius CaesarJulius Caesar

Sulla retiresSulla retires Generals fight for controlGenerals fight for control Triumvirate is formedTriumvirate is formed

3 persons with equal power3 persons with equal power 11stst Triumvirate Triumvirate

Marcus Licinius CrassusMarcus Licinius Crassus Gnaeus Pomeius-believed in a republic ruled Gnaeus Pomeius-believed in a republic ruled

upper class senatorsupper class senators Julius Caesar- believed in one-man ruleJulius Caesar- believed in one-man rule

Crassus diesCrassus dies Pompey is murderedPompey is murdered Caesar is in controlCaesar is in control 46 BC he is dictator of Rome46 BC he is dictator of Rome

His ReformsHis Reforms

Redistributed state lands in ItalyRedistributed state lands in Italy Founded new coloniesFounded new colonies Gave land to ex-soldiersGave land to ex-soldiers Began public works programs-roads etc.Began public works programs-roads etc. Free gladiator games to publicFree gladiator games to public Doubled the senate – gave business people a Doubled the senate – gave business people a

chance to gain entrychance to gain entry Cut back activities of publicansCut back activities of publicans Gave citizenship to Greeks, Spaniards, GaulsGave citizenship to Greeks, Spaniards, Gauls Adopted a new calendar-based on EgyptianAdopted a new calendar-based on Egyptian

Called the Julian- still used todayCalled the Julian- still used today

Beware the Ides of March!Beware the Ides of March!

Fears he would make himself KingFears he would make himself King 60 men-senators plotted his death60 men-senators plotted his death Entered the Senate on the “Ides of Entered the Senate on the “Ides of

March” March 15- stabbed to deathMarch” March 15- stabbed to death

End of the RepublicEnd of the Republic

People turned away from the SenatePeople turned away from the Senate Power passed to another triumviratePower passed to another triumvirate

Marcus Antonius (Mark Antony)Marcus Antonius (Mark Antony) Caesar’s closest follower- took eastern Caesar’s closest follower- took eastern

territoryterritory OctavianOctavian

Caesar’s grand-nephew(adopted son) – took Caesar’s grand-nephew(adopted son) – took charge of Westcharge of West

Marcus Aemilius LepidusMarcus Aemilius Lepidus Caesar’s top officer- took over rule in AfricaCaesar’s top officer- took over rule in Africa

Worked for a little whileWorked for a little while Fights broke out between themFights broke out between them 31 BC Octavian won31 BC Octavian won Within 4 years- sole ruler of Roman Within 4 years- sole ruler of Roman

EmpireEmpire

What is a triumvirate?What is a triumvirate?

What is a triumvirate?What is a triumvirate?

3 person rule3 person rule

What is a dictator?What is a dictator?

What is a dictator?What is a dictator?

Someone who rules Someone who rules with absolute powerwith absolute power

Why was Julius Caesar murdered?Why was Julius Caesar murdered?

Why was Julius Caesar murdered?Why was Julius Caesar murdered?

They feared he They feared he would become Kingwould become King