The Romans

THE ROMANSChapter 5

ETRUSCANS Romulus and Remus

Northern Italy settlers

Greeks

Italic-speaking

ROME Tiber River

509 B.C. Romans drove out their Etruscan ruler

Res publica

Republic – people choose officals

STRUCTURE OF THE REPUBLIC Worksheet

Patricians

Consuls

Plebeians

Dictator

Tribunes

VETO Block laws

Intended to protect the plebeians

ROMAN SOCIETY Women could hold land, attend public

events, and run businesses

Upper and lower class children learned how to read and write. History, politics, rhetoric

Roman mythology – Jupiter and Juno

Polytheistic

EXPANDING THE EMPIRE Roman army was very powerful

Legion – about 5,000 men

Men were eventually paid and given weapons

Rewards and punishment

MAINTAINING THE EMPIRE How might Rome hold such a large

empire? Think about how Alexander the Great did this.

MAINTAINING THE EMPIRE Conquered people had to acknowledge

Roman leadership, pay taxes and supply soldiers.

Rome let them keep their own customs, money, and government

Some would even gain partial or full citizenship

EXPANSION Romans expanded west into present-day

France and Spain

Carthage, in northern Africa, did not like the expansion – map on page 156

THE PUNIC WARS First Punic War – Rome wins, gains Sicily,

Corsica, Sardinia

Second Punic War – Hannibal invades, Rome invades, wins

Third Punic War – Rome destroys Carthage

News Paper Assignment

IMPERIALISM Write the definition

Use it in a sentence

Write how Rome imperialized

Write how the US has imperialized

Mare Nostrum “Our Sea”

CONQUERING IS HARD Latifundia – huge farming estates

Slaves

Prices

Unemployment

Greed

CIVIL WARS Legions of the Roman army were loyal

to their commanders

Julius Caesar and Pompey emerge

JULIUS CAESAR Gaul (Belgium and France)

Read on 158

Makes himself the dictator

“Veni, vidi, vici”

Public works, land to the poor, Roman calendar

THE IDES OF MARCH March 15, 44 B.C.

Caesars enemies wanted to save the republic, thought he was going to make himself king

Stabbed to death

More civil wars

Video

SEARCH FOR MURDERERS Mark Antony – Caesar’s chief general

Octavian – Caesar’s grandnephew

They started battling each other

Octavian defeated Mark Antony and his ally, Queen Cleopatra

AUGUSTUS The senate name Octavian Augustus,

which means Exalted One – first citizen

31 B.C. to 14 A.D. Augustus ruled

The 500 year-old republic came to an end and the Roman empire began

AUGUSTUS’ ROMAN EMPIRE High-level jobs were open to everybody,

postal service, new coins, built roads, temples, and helped unemployed

Ordered a census, to tax people more fairly

Lasted for 200 years

Successors

BAD SUCCESSORS Caligula

Nero

GOOD SUCCESSORS Hadrian – codified Roman law

Built “Hadrian’s Wall” in England

Marcus Aurelius last leader under Pax Romana - Crash Course

The distraction of entertainment Gladiator video Interview a Roman

GLADIATORS AND CIRCUS MAXIMUS

GRECO-ROMAN Virgil – wrote the poem Aeneid of

Rome’s epic past saying it was just as good as Greek history

Satire – make fun of Roman society

Livy – tells history of Rome

What are these people/writings like?

GRECO-ROMAN Roman sculptures

Mosaic – a picture made for chips of colored stone or glass

GRECO-ROMAN Greek architecture expanded

throughout the empire

Arches – made out of concrete

Pantheon – temple honoring Roman gods

READ 163 Answer the two questions at the bottom

- WS

ENGINEERING Application of science and mathematics

to develop useful structures and machines

Road WS Built everlasting bridges, roads, and

harbors

AQUEDUCTS

Bridge-like stone structures that carried water from the hills into Roman cities - video

Ptolemy – astronomer-mathematician who proposed that the Earth was the center of the universe

Accepted for nearly 1,500 years and got a lot of people killed

RISE OF CHRISTIANITY Polytheistic and pagan religions

Jews are now included in the empire – reluctant

Diaspora – scattering of a population - Jews

Messiah – anointed king sent by God

12 DISCIPLES Apostles – “a person sent forth” – 12

disciples to follow and spread the message

Romans authorities did not like this because they thought he was undermining Roman rule (why would they need Rome)

Crucifixion

MARTYRS People who suffer of die for their beliefs

“The blood of the martyrs is the seed of the Christian Church”

CONSTANTINE Edict of Milan – granted freedom of

worship to all citizens of the Roman empire – 313 A.D.

Why did he do this?

Theodosius made Christianity the official religion of the Roman empire and repressed other faiths

Two Worksheets

THE LONG DECLINE Marcus Aurelius died in 180 A.D. ending

Pax Romana – some say that this is the start of the decline of the empire

In a 50 year period, at least 26 emperors reigned

Troops loyal to their commander

DECLINE Over-cultivation

DIOLETIAN – to restore order, he divided the empire into two parts in 284

Inflation – rise of prices

Page 174

CONSTANTINE’S NEW CAPITAL Moved the capital from Rome to

Byzantium and renamed it Constantinople

Now the east was the center of power

DECLINE Economic and political reforms work

temporarily

Invaders prove to hurt the empire

Visigoths/Ostrogoths/Huns

In 410, Rome was sacked/plundered by the Visigoths

Vandals

DECLINE 476, Germanic leader Odoacer booted

out the last emperor of “Rome”

The western Roman empire has “fallen”

DECLINE Mercenaries – foreign soldiers paid to serve

and fight

Battles over armies to “elect” their commanders to emperor

Diseases swept the empire

476 is the “fall” of Rome, but the eastern empire stood for over 1000 years in the Byzantine empire

Page 178 answer the three questions on 179