The Roman empire

THE ROMAN REPUBLIC ->

EMPIRE

Bellringer – Wed. Sept. 24

In what ways did the governments of Rome and Athens differ? (You can use your book)

The Roman Republic Rome’s Geography

Seven rolling hillsCenter of ItalyFertile Soil

Origins of RomeAdage of Romulus and Remus

Tiber River

First Romans 1000 – 500 BCE Latins

Original settlement Palatine Hill

Greeks 750 – 600 BCE At peak of Greek empire,

established colonies in S. Italy.

Etruscans Northern Italy Skilled metalworkers Influenced Roman

architecture (arch)

Palatine Hill

Early Republic 600 BCE – 509 BCE Small city ---- 500

sq. miles Forum built Tarquin the Proud

Harsh tyrant Romans declared

they would never be ruled by a king again

Establishment of “res publica”

Res publica – Latin for “public affairs” Republic

Power lies in citizens who elect officials Patricians and Plebians

Pats – Wealthy landowners Plebs – Common citizens (couldn’t hold

office Twelve Tables

Set of first written laws in Rome

Government in Republic

Consuls Two “Leaders” 1 year terms Controlled army and gov’t

Senate 300 Initially only Pats

Tribal Assembly Made laws Initially only Plebs

Punic Wars 265 BCE – Rome conquers Italy War with Carthage

First Punic War 246 – 241 BCE Control of Sicily and western Mediterranean Carthage – 0, Rome - 1

Punic Wars Second Punic War

218 BCE Carthage led by

Hannibal Tried to avenge first

Punic War Assembled 59,000 men Traveled through Alps –

½ his men died Rolled on Rome for 10

years 202 (Rome gains allies)

– defeat Hannibal at Zama

Third Punic War

149 – 146 BCE Rome lays siege to Carthage 50,000 Carthaginians sold into slavery

By 70 BCE – Roman empire extens from Anatolia in East to Spain in West

REPUBLIC TO EMPIRE!

Collapse of Republic Economic Turmoil Military Upheaval Welcome, Julius Caesar!

Caesar Comes to Power 59 BC – helped by Crassus and

Pompey Triumvir for 10 years Consul of Gaul (modern day

France) 46 BC – Returned to Rome –

Dictator 44 BC – Dictator for Life

Caesar’s Reforms Citizenship for

conquered Created Jobs Expanded

Senate

Ultimately…..Stabbed 23 times on the Senate floor (March 15, 44 BC)

EMPIRE Second Triumvir (43 – 33 BC) Octavian, Mark Antony,

Lepidus Mark Antony falls for

Cleopatra, moves to Egypt. Lepidus forced out Octavian declared

“Augustus” (exalted one)

Pax Romana “Roman Peace” 27 BC – 180 CE 3 Million sq. miles 60 – 80 million people A sound government

Civil serviceBeatified RomeAugustus died in 14 CE

Emergence of Christianity Roman rule spreads to Judea Jesus of Nazareth

4-6 BCE 29 CE Jerusalem

Paul spreads Christianity Pax Romana facilitated Christianity’s spread

Persecution of Christians intensifies as Pax Romana crumbles (mid 100s)

Constantine “Milan Edict” – 312 BCE

Fall of Rome End of Pax Romana

Marcus Aurelius Economy Weakens

InflationLack of sources of gold and silver

Poor agriculture

Emperors Attempt Reform Diocletian

Fixed prices Doubled military Divided Rome into two parts (East and West)

Constantine 324 – reunites two sides of Roman Empire Moves capital from Rome to Byzantium (Turkey) and

changes name to Constantinople

Germanic Invasions 370 – Mongol nomads (Huns) push

Germans into Rome Germans attack Rome Attila the Hun – 444

Attacked over 70 cities with 100,000 Died in 453 and Huns were no longer an issue

476 – Last Roman Emperor – Romulus Agustulus – ousted by German forces – Eastern half of empire – Byzantine Empire

Legacy of Rome Greco-Roman culture Roman Fine Arts

Pompeii Mosaics Bas-relief Painting

Literature Virgil – Aeneid Historians

Tacitus

Legacy of Rome Latin

Romance Languages ½ of English words derive from Latin

Architecture Arch, dome, concrete

Law Justice All equal under law Innocent until proven guilty Burden of proof