The Roles of Demography_epidemiology_statistics in COMDX

8/13/2019 The Roles of Demography_epidemiology_statistics in COMDX

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Tatong HariyantoMay 11, 2007


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COMMUNITY (HEALTH)

DIAGNOSISthe identification and quantificationof health problems in acommunity as a whole in terms off:

mortality and morbidity rates andratios, andidentification of their correlates forthe purpose of defining those at riskor those in need of health care .

Identification of the most possiblecause , propose alternative soluti-ons and develop a communityaction plans

goal


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Clinical Diagnosis

Identification of clinical signand symptoms of anindividuals , looking for themost probable cause or riskfactorsThe conclusion is aimed tochoose alternatives therapyand follow-up (evaluation)


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Community and Population

COMMUNITY:the people withcommon interests livingin a particular area

(village, district, town,etc);a group of people with acommon characteristic

or interest livingtogether within a largersociety Merriam Webster dictionary

POPULATION:the whole number ofpeople or inhabitantsin a country or region

the total of individualsoccupying an area ormaking up a wholeStresses on the area of

their lives

Merriam Webster Dictionary


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DEMOGRAPHYthe statistical study of humanpopulations especially withreference to :

size and density,

Growth,

distribution,

vital statistics (marriage, birth,

death) , andMobility

Social Determinantsof Community health


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The roles of Demographyin Community Diagnosis

Describe the characteristics ofthe community

The size, the distributions ofage, sex, marital status, educa-tion, occupation, religion,

mobility, accessibility to publicservice, mode ofcommunications)

Determine the communityhealth status ( Vital statistics:mortality, morbidity )

Study the relationship betweencharacteristic of communityand health status

Do the community characteris-tics, affects the potency ofspecific health problems?


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How do we gotcommunity data informations

The source of Community data:Primary data : collected by thecomitee;Secondary data: collected by acertain organization(Puskesmas, KantorKecamatan, Kantor desa, dsb)

Vital RegistrationPopulation Census (every 10 years)Population Survey (Demographyand Health Survey/DHS,Susenas, stc


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What is Epidemiology

What is Epidemiolog y : A study of diseasefrequency , and distribution by time, place and personalcharacteristics ,to seek for the expectedcause or risk factors ,in order to control(eradicate or reduce) thedisease in thecommunity .


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TertiaryPrevention

SecondaryPrevention

PrimaryPrevention

How many peoples influenced by thedisease? Since when the disease started,and do the number of cases tend toincrease or decrease by time?

Do the disease burdened on a specificgroup of Age, gender, adress,occupation, religion, sosio-economicgroups, marriage status, education?

What is the probable cause or risk

factor that make the disease frequency? Which of the cause / risk factorsmanageables?

What are the effective solution tocontrol the disease ?

What questionsCan be answered by

Epidemioilogical Approach ?


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What kind of epidemiologicaltechnique needed in Community Diagnosis

The Disease Frequency measurement:Prevalence and Incidence rate

The trends of Prevalence & Incidence

The distribution of prevalance orincidence rate by age, sex, occupation,socio-economic groups, adress,religionsFormulate Hypothesis about the risk

factors (use la londe model)Test hypothesisIdentify the possible solution thru 3level of Prevecntion.


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The Roles of Epidemiologyin Community Diagnosis

State the current community healthProblems

Identify the 10 top prevalence diseases

Score the magnitude of the diseasePrioritize the disease problems (one)Identify the Risk factors of the prioritizeddisease:

Score the risk factors and prioritize

Identify the alternative sollution thru the 3levels of preventionPrioritize the solutionsDevelop an action plan to implement thesolutions

Is this theproblems?


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Statistics ,do we need it ?

A branch of mathematics studyabout the techniques of:

Valid Data collections (sampling

technique to collect a representativeand valid data) Manage the data collected (editing,tabulating, filing )Presentation of data (Table, chart presentation)Compute the indicators (healthindicators) Make conclussion andinterpretation


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Data Collections

Is it Primary Data or Secondarydata ?Do we need a survey ?How many subject do we need ?How do we select the subject?

Sample selection ? (Randomselection?)Census (All subject)?

What kind of data will bemeasured from the subjects?

Variables measuredIs it quantitative or qualitative variabels ?


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Data Presentation ?

Table Presentation ?Chart / graphic Presentations ?

Functions:To summarize the dataGive an easy impression toconclude the characteristics of

dataDistributionTrend Association / Corelation


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Bye and see you . .

The Roles of Demography_epidemiology_statistics in COMDX

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