Copyright Kemsley Design Ltd., 2007 1 The Role of Standards in BPM Sandy Kemsley Kemsley Design Ltd. www.column2.com
May 06, 2015
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The Role of Standards in BPM
Sandy KemsleyKemsley Design Ltd.
www.column2.com
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Agenda
Risks and rewards Process standards landscape Graphical notation standards Serialization standards The future of standards
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Risks and Rewards
Why use a standard? Why not?
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Value of Standards: Business
Commoditization of technology and services
Portability between modeling tools Reduces ambiguity of process models
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Value of Standards: Business-IT Alignment Unbroken, bidirectional modeling-
interchange-execution chain Reduces translation errors between
business and IT Less time spent by business analysts
teaching IT about business processes IT time spent just cleaning up
processes and hooking them up to the process engine
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Value of Standards: Collaboration
Choreograph processes with partners Share business models in community Outsource business processes:
Process modeling and execution may be done by different organizations
Runtime statistics feed back for process visibility and optimization against original models
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Standards Risks
Little value in being an early adopter of standards
Risks in choosing the wrong standard:Obstructs technology upgradesLimits business partner connectivityForces training in obsolete technology
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How Standards Are Selected
Application/platform developers choose standards directly
Customers choose standards indirectly by selecting standards-compliant products
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Process Standards Landscape
Who’s doing what?
10 Source: BPM Standards Tutorial © 2007 Michael zur Muehlen. All Rights Reserved.
Business Process Management
Business Process Automation
Business Process Innovation
Business Process Monitoring
Notation Standard
Integration Standards
Interaction Standards Standard
Metrics
Audit Standards
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Process Standards
BPMN = Business Process Modeling Notation Standard graphical notation
XPDL = XML Process Definition Language De facto standard interchange format
BPDM = Business Process Definition Metamodel Too soon to tell; may overtake XPDL as standard
interchange format BPEL = Business Process Execution Language
Execution language for some BPMS Primarily used as integration/SOA interchange format
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Related Standards
SVBR: Semantics of Business Vocabulary and Rules
ebXML BPSS (ebBP): Business Process Specification Schema
BPRI: Business Process Runtime Interface UML: Unified Modeling Language WS-CDL: Web Services Choreography
Description Language
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Process Standards Organizations OMG - www.omg.org
Object Management Group Standards for interoperable enterprise applications Absorbed BPMI in 2005
WfMC - www.wfmc.org Workflow Management Coalition Workflow standards for terminology, interoperability
and connectivity OASIS - www.oasis-open.org
Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards
E-business standards
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OMG
Model-driven architectureStart with model of businessAuto-generate code from model
BPMN (through acquisition) BPDM next
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WfMC
Integration standards for process life cycle
Reference model + XPDL Started in 1993
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OASIS
Workgroup-specific BPM knowledge ebXML, BPEL
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W3C
Protocol stack standards for application integration
WS-CDL No BPM experience
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OMG & Process Standards
Copyright Object Management Group 2006
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OMG & Process Standards
Copyright Object Management Group 2006
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WfMC & Process Standards
XPDL 2.00 standard WFMC-TC-1025. Copyright Workflow Management Coalition 2006.
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OASIS & Process Standards
Published with permission of the author
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The Problem with Process Standards
Several overlapping and competing standards
Multiple standards organizations Different views of how standards fit
together
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Graphical Notation Standards
Drawing a pretty – and standard – picture
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Graphical notationstandard: BPMN
Diagramming standard for drawing business processes
Method of communicating processes:Understandable by business users
and unambiguousReduces translation errors between
business and IT Easy transition between tools
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From the BPMN Charter
Usable by the business community: Minimum technical constraints on business
user/analyst Supports only the concepts of modeling that
are applicable to business processes Useful in illuminating a complex executable
process Produce unambiguous notation of a
business process Allow direct mapping from BPMN to BPEL
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BPMN Issues
No serialization/file format No user/role modeling No data modeling No KPI modeling Methodology-independent
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BPMN History
BPMN 0.9 draft by BPMI, 2002 BPMN 1.0 draft, 2003 BPMN 1.0, 2004 BPMI merged into OMG, 2005 BPMN 1.0 as OMG spec, 2006 BPMN 1.1, 2007
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BPMN Flow Objects
Event
Activity
Gateway
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BPMN Connecting Objects
Sequence flow
Message flow
Association
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BPMN Swimlanes
Pool
Lanes
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BPMN Artifacts
Data object
Group
Annotation
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Exception Handling
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Transaction
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EventsStart Intermediate End
None
Message
Timer n/a
Error n/a
Cancel n/a
Compensation n/a
Rule n/a
Link
Multiple
Terminate n/a n/a
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Activities
Task (atomic)
Collapsed sub-process
Expanded sub-process
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Other Activity Markers
Activity looping
Multiple instances
Compensation
Ad hoc sub-process
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Gateways
Exclusive or (XOR),data-based
Exclusive or (XOR),event-based
Inclusive (OR)
Complex
Parallel (AND)
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Sequence Flows
Normal flow
Uncontrolled flow
Conditional flow
Default flow
Exception flow
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Associations
Compensation association
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Multiple Collapsed Pools for B2B Modeling
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Multiple Expanded Pools
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Grouping Across Pools
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Data object associated with sequence flow
Data objects as inputs and outputs
BPMN Patterns – Data Objects
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Interchange Standards
How processes get around
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BPM interchange standards
Import/export of process models Evolving landscape of standards:
XPDL (XML Process Definition Language)
BPEL (Business Process Execution Language)
BPDM (Business Process Definition Metamodel)
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XPDL
Process definition serialization and interchange format
Maintains spatial information Multiple processes per file Allows vendor-specific extensions Includes user interactions
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XPDL
Interchange format for businessprocess definitions
Defines how a process definition is serialized (written to a file)
Maintains graphical positional information
Multiple processes/subprocesses per file
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XPDL
Includes user interactions Does not include choreography Allows vendor-specific extensions
Created by modeling tool or process engine
Ignored by other modeling tools and process engines
E.g., colored swimlanes
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XPDL History
Developed by WfMC, www.wfmc.org WPDL (Workflow Process Definition
Language), 1998 XPDL 1.0, 2002 XPDL 2.0, 2005 Supported by 70+ modeling/BPM
products
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BPDM
Process definition serialization and interchange format
Includes choreography Will become part of BPMN in future
version May displace XPDL
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BPDM
Can serve as metamodel for BPMN Metamodel can be used to generate
an interchange formatMay (attempt to) displace XPDLLarger scope/more robust than XPDLXPDL has 2-year head start
Includes choreography and orchestration
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BPDM History
Developed by OMG, www.omg.org RFP issued, 2003 BPDM 1.0, 2007
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BPEL
Web services orchestration language In BPM, may be used as interchange format In SOA-related products, also used as
execution language Programming language for integration logic
and process automation between services Defines business processes as coordinated
sets of Web service interactions BPEL processes exposed as WSDL services BPEL processes consume WSDL services
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BPEL Issues
Does not include some BPMN functionality: Human interaction Interleaved process segments Looping back to previous steps Subprocessess
Does not include graphical layout info Not fully interoperable between vendors
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BPEL History
Developed by OASIS, www.oasis-open.org
BPEL4WS 1.0, 2002 BPEL4WS 1.1 proposed to OASIS,
2003 WS-BPEL 2.0 draft, 2005
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The Future of Process Standards
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BPMN and BPDM
BPMN will remain the primary graphical modeling notation
BPDM may eventually overtake XPDL as interchange/serialization standard
BPMN 2.0 will merge BPDM and BPMN 1.1
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XPDL
XPDL as interchange/serialization standard for at least the short term
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BPEL
BPEL may become more important as an interchange standard for SOA/integration than as an execution language
BPEL4People (human interactions) specification under development
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Questions?
Sandy KemsleyKemsley Design Ltd.www.column2.com