THE ROLE OF STAKEHOLDERS IN A DEVELOPING REFERENCE MODEL OF CITY LOGISTICS Jarosław Witkowski Wroclaw University of Economics, Poland Maja Kiba-Janiak.

THE ROLE OF STAKEHOLDERS THE ROLE OF STAKEHOLDERS IN A DEVELOPING REFERENCE IN A DEVELOPING REFERENCE

MODEL OF CITY LOGISTICSMODEL OF CITY LOGISTICS

Jarosław Witkowski Jarosław Witkowski

Wroclaw University of Economics, Poland Wroclaw University of Economics, Poland

Maja Kiba-Janiak Maja Kiba-Janiak

Higher School of Business, PolandHigher School of Business, Poland

AgendaAgenda The concept of the research projectThe concept of the research project Definitions of city logistics and city logistics Definitions of city logistics and city logistics

systemsystem Overview Overview of city logistics modelsof city logistics models Different expectations of stakeholders in Different expectations of stakeholders in

relation to the city logisticsrelation to the city logistics Stakeholders functions in a hierarchical model Stakeholders functions in a hierarchical model

of city logisticsof city logistics Residents behaviors in the area of city Residents behaviors in the area of city

logisticslogistics ConclusionConclusion

City logistics problem?City logistics problem?

,,A A trucktruck driver is driver is askingaskingan attractive an attractive womanwoman in a in a Polish big city:Polish big city:‘‘Would you like a Would you like a lift,lift, miss?’ miss?’

She answers with She answers with an ironic smile: an ironic smile:

‘‘No thanks, I'm in No thanks, I'm in aa hurry’…hurry’…’’

The aim of the research projectThe aim of the research project

The main aim of the research The main aim of the research project is to build a referential project is to build a referential model of city logistics versus model of city logistics versus quality of life of citizens for quality of life of citizens for medium sized cities.medium sized cities.

City logisticsCity logistics

City logistics can be defined as planning, implementation and monitoring of economic efficiency and effectiveness of people, cargo and relevant information flows in urban areas in order to improve the citizens quality of life.

City logistics systemCity logistics system

City logistics system should be understood as deliberately organized set of elements, such as: stakeholders, infrastructure, regulatory standards and tariffs and relationships between them, which are involved in the process of flows of people, cargo and relevant information in urban areas.

Typology of models according to Typology of models according to the dominant urban logistics the dominant urban logistics

modeling techniquesmodeling techniques

Matrix of good practicesMatrix of good practices

Legend:X1, X2, X3 - low- , medium - , high- expectations of residentsY1, Y2, Y3 - individual- , passenger- freight- transportZ1, Z2, Z3 – low - , medium - , high- cost solutions

Determination Flow of the Determination Flow of the Criterion for the stakeholdersCriterion for the stakeholders

Stakeholders Objective Conditions for achieving objective

Criterion

Freight carriers Growth in profit Reduction of the transportation cost, Growth in sales,

Minimise transportation cost, maximise amount of salesminimise delay time at customers

Shippers Growth in profit, Reduction of the total cost, Growth in sales

Minimise transportation cost, maximise amount of sales

Residents Ensuring good living environment

Reduction of negative impacts onliving environment from the traffic; reduction of traveling time within the city

NOx, C02 emissions from the trucks vehicles, traveling time within the city

Administrators (local governments)

Revitalisation of the citya) Society with low environmental impactb) Society with high economic efficiency

a) Achieving environmental standardsb) Efficient use of urban road network

a) Total NOx emissions in the networkb) Total number of complaints from the residents

Public transport operators

Ensuring punctual and frequent public transport, growth in amount of customers

improvement of service quality

Total numbers of complaints from customers, minimise delay time of public transport

The role of stakeholders in a The role of stakeholders in a hierarchical model of city logisticshierarchical model of city logistics

Level Main aim of the level

Stakeholders’ roles at each levelFigure description

Top level (process type)

Identification of the main scope for the reference model of city logistics versus quality of life.

Local government is responsible for setting main targets including residents needs, capacity of flow goods, etc. A this stage city logistics’ stakeholders are defined.

Configuration level (Process categories)

Configuration of the reference model of city logistics including citizens needs

Local government in cooperation with shippers, freight operators and public transport operators configures process categories which should be included in reference model of city logistics. On these level best practices could be helpful.

Process element level (decompose processes)

Determination of ability to adapt to the changes included in the reference model of urban logistics.

Stakeholders, like local government, shippers, freight operators and public transport operators, define their abilities do changes proposed in reference model of city logistics. This level includes processes’ analyses and then reorganisation of these processes, application of best practices, implementation of new technology, tools, etc.

Implementation level (decompose process elements)

Stakeholders implement specific design city logistics’ practices.

At this level local government, shippers, freight operators and public transport operators implement city logistics solutions.

ORGANISATION ORGANISATION AND AND RESULTS OF THE SURVEYRESULTS OF THE SURVEY

The survey was the first part of The survey was the first part of the second step of the research the second step of the research conducted in 2011 among conducted in 2011 among 11600 600 residents of residents of three three medium sized medium sized citcitiesies in Poland. T in Poland. The sample was he sample was a stratified quota sample a stratified quota sample selected with the following selected with the following criteria:criteria:

gender (male, female);gender (male, female); age (up to 35, 35-60, 60 plus);age (up to 35, 35-60, 60 plus);

Daily using various types Daily using various types of transportof transport

Transportation means Gorzów Wlkp. Zielona Góra Jelenia Góra

Public transport 24,2% 22,6% 16,3%

A car 49,2% 51,7% 46,3%

A motorcycle 0,2% 1,4% 0%

A bicycle 0,5% 1,7% 2,6%

Residents’ Residents’ behavior behavior model in model in

relation to relation to different different types of types of

movement movement within the within the

citycity

SummarySummary

In 2006In 2006 American Newsweek, asserted that American Newsweek, asserted that ‘the last century was the age of the mega-‘the last century was the age of the mega-town. The next will belong to their smaller town. The next will belong to their smaller humbler relations’humbler relations’..

A referential model of city logistics for A referential model of city logistics for medium sized towns could provide medium sized towns could provide a solution facilitating an efficient a solution facilitating an efficient movement of humans and freight including movement of humans and freight including residents’ quality of life.residents’ quality of life.

SummarySummary

Both the research and observations show Both the research and observations show that the local government should play the that the local government should play the role of a coordinator and an in initiator of role of a coordinator and an in initiator of actions to improve urban logistics. actions to improve urban logistics.

A behaviour's model of residents in relation A behaviour's model of residents in relation to different forms of transport could to different forms of transport could provide a tool for implementing  above provide a tool for implementing  above actions. actions.

HHowever, without the participation of other owever, without the participation of other stakeholdersstakeholders implementation implementation of of the city the city logisticlogistics’ s’ model is not possible. model is not possible.

Tank you for your kind attention!Tank you for your kind attention!