THE ROLE OF AI FOR TRUST IN THE DIGITAL ECONOMY · 20/06/2016 4 MACHINE SUCCESSES 1997: IBM DEEP BLUE vs Kasparov in CHESS 2007: DARPA URBAN CHALLENGE – Carnegie Mellon’s driverless

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THE ROLE OF AI FOR TRUST IN THE DIGITAL ECONOMY

Huma Shah, PhDResearch Fellow,

School of Computing, Electronics and Mathematics,

Coventry University, UK

Trust in the Digital World, The Hague, 15-16 June 2016: http://trustindigitallife.eema.org/

THIS TALK

AI Landscape with brief backgroundBusiness & AI: conversational interfacesTrust as asset in Human-AI cooperationFuture Digital Economy: “conversational

commerce” (Twitter: #ConvComm)

Trust in the Digital World, The Hague, 15-16 June 2016: http://trustindigitallife.eema.org/

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AI IN 2016

January: WEF- DAVOS – AI themed talks in 4th Industrial Revolution, including State of AIMay: AI for Business SUMMIT LONDON

Trust in the Digital World, The Hague, 15-16 June 2016: http://trustindigitallife.eema.org/

AI IN 2016

AI Summit London, May 5, 2016: “AI is already here. [machine learning] …

being implemented in most industries by a number of leading organisations spanning finance, law, healthcare, manufacturing, transport, energy, and education and many more.”

http://theaisummit.com/london/

Trust in the Digital World, The Hague, 15-16 June 2016: http://trustindigitallife.eema.org/

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AI IN 2016

MAY-July: White House, US host Preparing for the Future of Artificial Intelligence Debates

Trust in the Digital World, The Hague, 15-16 June 2016: http://trustindigitallife.eema.org/

AI IN 2016

July 4: Coventry University host Benefits of Artificial Intelligence public debate

Trust in the Digital World, The Hague, 15-16 June 2016: http://trustindigitallife.eema.org/

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MACHINE SUCCESSES

1997: IBM DEEP BLUE vs Kasparov in CHESS2007: DARPA URBAN CHALLENGE – Carnegie

Mellon’s driverless vehicle Tartan Racing2011: IBM WATSON success in Final Jeopardy!

US TV general knowledge quiz show2016: GOOGLE’s Deep Mind algorithm

succeeds in machine vs human GO board game

Trust in the Digital World, The Hague, 15-16 June 2016: http://trustindigitallife.eema.org/

TRUST, AI & BRANDS

Google: make AI “more personable” (2016) by friendly intelligent virtual assistants -trustworthy if they appear vulnerable – relatable.

Trust in the Digital World, The Hague, 15-16 June 2016: http://trustindigitallife.eema.org/

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BACKGROUND: HUMANISING THE MACHINE

Turing 1948:A great positive reason …possibility of making

thinking machinery is the fact that it is possible to make machinery to imitate any small part of a man. That the microphone does this for the ear, and the television camera for the eye are commonplace.

Trust in the Digital World, The Hague, 15-16 June 2016: http://trustindigitallife.eema.org/

MACHINE INTELLIGENCE

Turing 1948:Of the most suitable branches of thought for the

machine to exercise its powers: various games including chess, the learning and translation of languages, cryptography and mathematics, were appropriate.

Turing believed: the learning of languages would be the most impressive, since it is the most human of these activities.

Trust in the Digital World, The Hague, 15-16 June 2016: http://trustindigitallife.eema.org/

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THE CONVERSATIONAL IMITATION GAME

Human InterrogatorMachine Hidden

human/comparator

Trust in the Digital World, The Hague, 15-16 June 2016: http://trustindigitallife.eema.org/

MACHINE INTELLIGENCE 2

Turing, 1950: I believe that in about fifty years’ time it will be

possible to programme computers, with a storage capacity of about 109, to make them play the imitation game so well that an average interrogator will not have more than 70 per cent. chance of making the right identification [which is human, which is machine] after five minutes of questioning.

Trust in the Digital World, The Hague, 15-16 June 2016: http://trustindigitallife.eema.org/

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CONVERSATIONAL SYSTEMS

1966: Weizeinbaum’s Eliza natural language understanding programme

Early 2000s IKEA’s Anna 24/7 virtual assistant2008 Artificial Solutions’ Elbot wins 18th Loebner Prize for AI 2011, Apple’s iPhone 4S Siri voice-controlled agent2014 Eugene Goostman achieves >30% wrong

identification in public Turing test experiment2016 Microsoft TAY.ai introduction and removal

Trust in the Digital World, The Hague, 15-16 June 2016: http://trustindigitallife.eema.org/

VIRTUAL ASSISTANT

IKEA’s Anna 24/7 virtual assistant augmenting keyword search value added: (Shah & Pavlika: 2005)

Decreased call centre costsIncreased sales of IKEA products from its online

catalogue

Trust in the Digital World, The Hague, 15-16 June 2016: http://trustindigitallife.eema.org/

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WEB-BASED CONVERSATIONAL INTERFACES: EUGENE GOOSTMAN & ELBOT

Artificial SolutionsEugene Goostman – developer

SDE at Amazon US

Trust in the Digital World, The Hague, 15-16 June 2016: http://trustindigitallife.eema.org/

AI IN BUSINESS

ARTIFICIAL SOLUTIONS:“Inventor of the world’s most humanlike, intelligent

and capable virtual assistants”TENEO PLATFORM enables enterprises to build AI

Natural Language Digital EmployeesWon Best Intelligent Assistant Innovation at The

AIconics /AI for Business Summit, London May 2016

Trust in the Digital World, The Hague, 15-16 June 2016: http://trustindigitallife.eema.org/

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AI FOR BUSINESS

Banks, incl. RBS building virtual customer agentsAmazon has over 1000 Employees working on AIGoogle’s in the race with Apple, ebay, Facebook, IBM,

Microsoft, Nuance, Yahoo and more (Sponsors of Interspeech2016 conference, San Francisco)

Conversation is “critical to success for AI” and business evolution with human and machine co-workers

Trust in the Digital World, The Hague, 15-16 June 2016: http://trustindigitallife.eema.org/

NUANCE DICTATION SOFTWARE V.13Trust in the Digital World, The Hague, 15-16 June 2016: http://trustindigitallife.eema.org/

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Silver Surfing with ConfidenceTrust in the Digital World, The Hague, 15-16 June 2016: http://trustindigitallife.eema.org/

Retired/pensioner using Google’s voice on Android ‘phone

Trust in AITrust in the Digital World, The Hague, 15-16 June 2016: http://trustindigitallife.eema.org/

Speech-to-text

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Trust in AI as assetTrust in the Digital World, The Hague, 15-16 June 2016: http://trustindigitallife.eema.org/

Text received

TRUST IS KEY FOR CONVERSATIONAL INTERFACES

“It is now only as human machine interaction has evolved to be more conversational and less command driven does this enable it to become the interface of choice.” (Tim Bajarin, PC Magazine)

Trust in the Digital World, The Hague, 15-16 June 2016: http://trustindigitallife.eema.org/

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WARNING FROM TAY.AI

Microsoft’s Tay.ai (2016) learnt too much too quickly (i.e. stored captured human talk), not intelligent enough to constrain what it had picked up (including offensive thoughts)– bad for trust in brand.

Trust in the Digital World, The Hague, 15-16 June 2016: http://trustindigitallife.eema.org/

DIGITAL ECONOMY

Connected gadgets, smart homes and cities: “the one thing most people want from a (physical or virtual) robot is to get (satisfactory) answers when they ask a question”

[TNW article re Alexa in Amazon’s Echo -voice-controlled hands-free speaker].

Trust in the Digital World, The Hague, 15-16 June 2016: http://trustindigitallife.eema.org/

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FUTURE OF TRUST IN THEDIGITAL WORLD

Perfecting next generation of communication technologies via thought transfer and avoiding control by hackers, and random ideas being the signal sent!

Trust in the Digital World, The Hague, 15-16 June 2016: http://trustindigitallife.eema.org/

REFERENCES

Turing, Alan M. 1948, ‘Intelligent Machinery’ in S.B. Cooper and J. van Leeuwen (Eds) Alan Turing: His Work and Impact, 2013 (Elsevier), pp. 501-516

Turing, Alan M. 1950, ‘Computing Machinery and Intelligence’, in Mind Vol 59 (236), pp. 433-460

Shah, H. & Pavlika, V. 2005, ‘Text-based Dialogical E-query Systems: Gimmick or Convenience?’ Proceedings of the 10th international conference on speech and computers (SPECOM), Patras, Greece, October 2005, pp. 17-19

Trust in the Digital World, The Hague, 15-16 June 2016: http://trustindigitallife.eema.org/

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Trust in the Digital World, The Hague, 15-16 June 2016: http://trustindigitallife.eema.org/

Thank you for listening –any questions?

Trust in the Digital World, The Hague, 15-16 June 2016: http://trustindigitallife.eema.org/