The Roaring 20s AP Chapter 23. Election of 1920 “ Return to Normalcy”- campaign slogan of Warren G. Harding (R) in 1920 “ Return to Normalcy”- campaign.

The Roaring The Roaring 20s20s

AP Chapter AP Chapter 2323

Election of 1920Election of 1920

““Return to NormalcyReturn to Normalcy””- campaign - campaign slogan of Warren G. Harding (R) in slogan of Warren G. Harding (R) in 19201920

Harding easily defeated James Cox Harding easily defeated James Cox (D) to win the presidency(D) to win the presidency

The country saw amazing growth in The country saw amazing growth in consumer goods and a drastic consumer goods and a drastic change in culturechange in culture

22ndnd Industrial Revolution Industrial Revolution

Electricity became common Electricity became common throughout the country and new throughout the country and new consumer goods were in high demandconsumer goods were in high demand

Mass production techniques were Mass production techniques were rapidly decreasing the price of goodsrapidly decreasing the price of goods

Welfare Capitalism- system of labor Welfare Capitalism- system of labor relations emphasizing managements relations emphasizing managements responsibility for the employees well responsibility for the employees well beingbeing

Open Shops and the Supreme Court Open Shops and the Supreme Court seriously weakened the unions gains seriously weakened the unions gains during the warduring the war

Henry Ford- Model T 1Henry Ford- Model T 1stst popular and popular and affordable automobile affordable automobile

Assembly Line- cars placed on a line Assembly Line- cars placed on a line and people do the same thing over and people do the same thing over and overand over

Car rolled off the line every 10 Car rolled off the line every 10 seconds and he paid his workers $5 seconds and he paid his workers $5 for an 8 hr. dayfor an 8 hr. day

Assembly LineAssembly Line

Agricultural ProblemsAgricultural Problems

Farmers struggled the most during Farmers struggled the most during the 1920sthe 1920s

The demand for U.S. crops after the The demand for U.S. crops after the war dropped significantly which led war dropped significantly which led to massive amounts of to massive amounts of overproductionoverproduction

Farmers struggled to repay loans and Farmers struggled to repay loans and dug themselves deeper and deeperdug themselves deeper and deeper

Installment BuyingInstallment Buying

Buying on credit like a credit cardBuying on credit like a credit card Most people overextended their Most people overextended their

credit which led to problemscredit which led to problems People began to move to the People began to move to the

suburbs and commute into the suburbs and commute into the citiescities

Radios, cars, refrigerators, washing Radios, cars, refrigerators, washing machines etc. were all bought on machines etc. were all bought on creditcredit

Mass CultureMass Culture

Movies became extremely popular Movies became extremely popular and The Jazz Singer staring Al Jolson and The Jazz Singer staring Al Jolson was the first talking movie in 1927was the first talking movie in 1927

Movies shaped how Americans Movies shaped how Americans dressed and talkeddressed and talked

KDKA of Pittsburgh was the 1KDKA of Pittsburgh was the 1stst regularly broadcast radio station and regularly broadcast radio station and the radio quickly grewthe radio quickly grew

Music, sports, comedies and dramas Music, sports, comedies and dramas were all played out on the radiowere all played out on the radio

NBC and CBS led the wayNBC and CBS led the way NY Dailey News was the 1NY Dailey News was the 1stst to use to use

tabloid style news and it quickly tabloid style news and it quickly spread throughout the countryspread throughout the country

Advertising agencies grew and began Advertising agencies grew and began to use scientific technologyto use scientific technology

Dances such as the Charleston, Dances such as the Charleston, Tango, Fox Trot and Grizzly Bear Tango, Fox Trot and Grizzly Bear became popularbecame popular

Sports and CelebritySports and Celebrity

Baseball, boxing and college football Baseball, boxing and college football ruled the sporting worldruled the sporting world

Babe Ruth, Red Grange, Jack Babe Ruth, Red Grange, Jack Dempsey and Gene Tunney became Dempsey and Gene Tunney became household nameshousehold names

Sporting events were also a popular Sporting events were also a popular form of socializingform of socializing

Jack DempseyJack Dempsey

Charles LindberghCharles Lindbergh

New MoralityNew Morality

Women changed their roles from Women changed their roles from traditional and conservative to traditional and conservative to flappersflappers

Flappers smoked, drank, danced Flappers smoked, drank, danced wore their dresses and hair shortwore their dresses and hair short

Many were shocked at the way Many were shocked at the way women were acting and it upset the women were acting and it upset the traditional culturetraditional culture

1818thth Amend- Prohibition Amend- Prohibition Volstead ActVolstead Act

Manufacturing and sale of alcohol Manufacturing and sale of alcohol was prohibited in 1919was prohibited in 1919

Rise of organized crime led by Al Rise of organized crime led by Al Capone in ChicagoCapone in Chicago

Bootleggers-supplied alcohol to Bootleggers-supplied alcohol to Americans mainly through CanadaAmericans mainly through Canada

Speakeasy- illegal bars were people Speakeasy- illegal bars were people enjoyed music and a good drinkenjoyed music and a good drink

Prohibition failed miserablyProhibition failed miserably Unpopular laws are difficult if not Unpopular laws are difficult if not

impossible to enforceimpossible to enforce 2121stst Amend- repealed prohibition in Amend- repealed prohibition in

19331933 Some say it was easier to get Some say it was easier to get

alcohol during prohibition than it is alcohol during prohibition than it is todaytoday

Immigration RestrictionImmigration Restriction

Following the war many were tired of Following the war many were tired of the new immigrantsthe new immigrants

Lodge founded the Immigration Lodge founded the Immigration Restriction League Restriction League

Immigration Act of 1921 restricted Immigration Act of 1921 restricted immigration to 3% of 1910 totalsimmigration to 3% of 1910 totals

Johnson Reed Immigration Act of 1924 Johnson Reed Immigration Act of 1924 further restricted immigration to 2% of further restricted immigration to 2% of 1890 totals 1890 totals

Ku Klux ClanKu Klux Clan

KKK- grew in numbers following D.W. KKK- grew in numbers following D.W. Griffiths Griffiths The Birth of a Nation The Birth of a Nation that that glorified the KKKglorified the KKK

KKK attacked Roman Catholics, Jews KKK attacked Roman Catholics, Jews and African Americansand African Americans

Klan became a powerful force in the Klan became a powerful force in the Democratic PartyDemocratic Party

Scopes (Monkey Trial)Scopes (Monkey Trial)

John T. Scopes- accused of teaching John T. Scopes- accused of teaching Darwin's theory of evolution (illegal Darwin's theory of evolution (illegal in Tenn.)in Tenn.)

Trial gained national atten. When Trial gained national atten. When ACLU lawyer Clarence Darrow faced ACLU lawyer Clarence Darrow faced off against W.J. Bryanoff against W.J. Bryan

Religion vs. Science Religion vs. Science Found guilty & fined $100Found guilty & fined $100

Harding and the Harding and the ““Ohio GanOhio Gangg ””

Harding surrounded himself with a Harding surrounded himself with a close group of friends called the “Ohio close group of friends called the “Ohio Gang”Gang”

Harding’s cabinet was very corruptHarding’s cabinet was very corrupt Harding died in office in 1923Harding died in office in 1923 Teapot Dome Scandal- Sec. of Interior Teapot Dome Scandal- Sec. of Interior

Albert Fall was convicted of taking Albert Fall was convicted of taking bribes for secretly leasing oil reserves bribes for secretly leasing oil reserves (1(1stst cabinet member ever to go to jail) cabinet member ever to go to jail)

Ohio GangOhio Gang

Prosperity under Prosperity under CoolidgeCoolidge

Did very little as presidentDid very little as president ““Business of America is businessBusiness of America is business””

which reflects a laissez fairewhich reflects a laissez faire Sec. of Treasury Andrew Mellon Sec. of Treasury Andrew Mellon

used his conservative principles used his conservative principles to trim the budget, cut taxes, to trim the budget, cut taxes, and encouraged growthand encouraged growth

War Debt and War Debt and ReparationsReparations

Following the war the U.S. was the Following the war the U.S. was the leading creditor nationleading creditor nation

Dawes and Young Plans gave loans to Dawes and Young Plans gave loans to Germany so they could repay Germany so they could repay GB/France who then were able to repay GB/France who then were able to repay us (with interest)us (with interest)

Kellogg-Briand Pact- outlawed warKellogg-Briand Pact- outlawed war Washington Naval Disarmament Conf.- Washington Naval Disarmament Conf.-

reduced the size of the world’s navies reduced the size of the world’s navies

Unfulfilled PromisesUnfulfilled Promises

During the 1920s their was a huge gap During the 1920s their was a huge gap between the rich and the poorbetween the rich and the poor

League of Women Voters-advocated League of Women Voters-advocated for women’s rights such as equal payfor women’s rights such as equal pay

Sheppard-Towner Act- provided for the Sheppard-Towner Act- provided for the 11stst federally funded health care for federally funded health care for maternity carematernity care

Mexican immigration rose but also Mexican immigration rose but also brought nativismbrought nativism

Harlem RenaissanceHarlem Renaissance

Encouraged African Americans to Encouraged African Americans to take take PRIDEPRIDE in their culture in their culture

Langston Hughes- popular poet of Langston Hughes- popular poet of the Renaissancethe Renaissance

Duke Ellington, Cab Calloway and Duke Ellington, Cab Calloway and Louis Armstrong popularized jazzLouis Armstrong popularized jazz

Renaissance focused on African Renaissance focused on African American culture and artAmerican culture and art

WritersWriters

Ernest Hemingway wrote Ernest Hemingway wrote The Sun The Sun Also RisesAlso Rises and and A Farewell to Arms A Farewell to Arms that questioned idealismthat questioned idealism

F. Scott Fitzgerald wrote F. Scott Fitzgerald wrote This Side of This Side of ParadiseParadise and and The Great GatsbyThe Great Gatsby

Sinclair Lewis wrote Sinclair Lewis wrote Main StreetMain Street and and BabbitBabbit that satrinized small town life that satrinized small town life

Hemingway, Fitzgerald and Hemingway, Fitzgerald and LewisLewis

Sacco & VanzettiSacco & Vanzetti

Two foreign born immigrantsTwo foreign born immigrants Accused of murder and robberyAccused of murder and robbery Sentenced and killed on very little Sentenced and killed on very little

evidenceevidence Immigrants and anarchist was the Immigrants and anarchist was the

real reason they were convictedreal reason they were convicted Represented the prejudice of the Represented the prejudice of the

time periodtime period

Sacco and Vanzetti Sacco and Vanzetti

Election of 1928Election of 1928

Albert Smith (D) lost to Herbert Albert Smith (D) lost to Herbert Hoover (R) in a landslide electionHoover (R) in a landslide election

Smith was the first Catholic to be Smith was the first Catholic to be nominated by a major political partynominated by a major political party

Election was a representation of the Election was a representation of the major issues of the 1920smajor issues of the 1920s

Election of 1928Election of 1928

ConclusionConclusion

1920s was an era of amazing growth 1920s was an era of amazing growth economicallyeconomically

Socially the country reflected the Socially the country reflected the rapidly changing timesrapidly changing times

Government returned to the laissez Government returned to the laissez faire attitudes of the late 1800sfaire attitudes of the late 1800s

Some enjoyed great times while Some enjoyed great times while others sufferedothers suffered