The Road to the Civil War Crises in the 1850’s Slides by Sue Pojer and Venita Williams.

The Road to the Civil The Road to the Civil WarWar

Crises in the 1850’sCrises in the 1850’s

Slides by Sue Pojer and Venita Slides by Sue Pojer and Venita WilliamsWilliams

THE UNDERGROUND RAILROADTHE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD

• This was a movement to help escaped slaves This was a movement to help escaped slaves make their way from the slave-owning make their way from the slave-owning southern states up through the northern southern states up through the northern states, and eventually into Canada.states, and eventually into Canada.

• This was accomplished by secretly This was accomplished by secretly transporting slaves from one safe house to transporting slaves from one safe house to another, steadily moving north until freedom another, steadily moving north until freedom was secured.was secured.

MAP OF THE UNDERGROUND MAP OF THE UNDERGROUND RAILROADRAILROAD

THE WOMAN CALLED THE WOMAN CALLED ““MOSESMOSES””

• Araminta Harriet RossAraminta Harriet Ross• Born on 1819 or 1820 in Dorchester Born on 1819 or 1820 in Dorchester

County, MarylandCounty, Maryland• In 1844, she married John Tubman, a free In 1844, she married John Tubman, a free

black manblack man• In 1849, she escapes to the northIn 1849, she escapes to the north• In 1850, Harriet Tubman starts rescuing In 1850, Harriet Tubman starts rescuing

slaves via the Underground Railroadslaves via the Underground Railroad

MOSES CONT…..MOSES CONT…..

• In 1958 she buyIn 1958 she buy’’s a farm s a farm near Auburn, N.Y.near Auburn, N.Y.

• She also established the She also established the Harriet Tubman home for Harriet Tubman home for the elderlythe elderly

• She died on March 10, She died on March 10, 19131913

• She was either 93 or 94 She was either 93 or 94 years old when she died.years old when she died.

LIFE AS A FUGITIVELIFE AS A FUGITIVE

• Fearing that she would be sold deeper in the Fearing that she would be sold deeper in the south, Harriet ran away.south, Harriet ran away.

• Once she got to the north she decided to help Once she got to the north she decided to help the abolitionist to end slavery.the abolitionist to end slavery.

• She also became the conductor of the She also became the conductor of the Underground Railroad.Underground Railroad.

• She made 19 rescue trips in over 10 years, She made 19 rescue trips in over 10 years, rescuing over 300 slaves from the southern rescuing over 300 slaves from the southern states, including her 70 year old parents.states, including her 70 year old parents.

FUGITIVE CONT….FUGITIVE CONT….

• She also helped John Brown recruit She also helped John Brown recruit soldiers for his raid on Harpersoldiers for his raid on Harper’’s Ferry in s Ferry in 1859.1859.

• She also worked as a nurse, a scout, She also worked as a nurse, a scout, and a spy for the Union Army during the and a spy for the Union Army during the U. S. Civil War.U. S. Civil War.

Compromise of 1850

Compromise of 1850

HarrietBeecherStowe(1811 – 1896)

HarrietBeecherStowe(1811 – 1896)

So this is the lady who started the Civil War.

- Abraham Lincoln

So this is the lady who started the Civil War.

- Abraham Lincoln

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

1852

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

1852 Sold 300,000

copies inthe first year.

2 million in a decade!

Sold 300,000 copies inthe first year.

2 million in a decade!

Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854

Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854

“Bleeding Kansas”“Bleeding Kansas”

Border “Ruffians”

(pro-slavery

Missourians)

Border “Ruffians”

(pro-slavery

Missourians)

“The Crime Against Kansas”“The Crime

Against Kansas”

Sen. Charles Sumner(R-MA)

Sen. Charles Sumner(R-MA)

Congr. Preston Brooks(D-SC)

Congr. Preston Brooks(D-SC)

John Brown: Madman, Hero or Martyr?

John Brown: Madman, Hero or Martyr?

Mural in the Kansas Capitol building

by John Steuart Curry (20c)

Mural in the Kansas Capitol building

by John Steuart Curry (20c)

Birth of the Republican Party, 1854

Birth of the Republican Party, 1854

ß Northern Whigs.

ß Northern Democrats.

ß Free-Soilers.

ß Know-Nothings.

ß Other miscellaneous opponents of the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

ß Northern Whigs.

ß Northern Democrats.

ß Free-Soilers.

ß Know-Nothings.

ß Other miscellaneous opponents of the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857

The Lincoln-Douglas (Illinois Senate) Debates, 1858

The Lincoln-Douglas (Illinois Senate) Debates, 1858

A House divided against itself, cannot stand.

A House divided against itself, cannot stand.

Stephen

Douglas &

the

Freeport Doctrine

Stephen

Douglas &

the

Freeport Doctrine

PopularSovereignt

y

PopularSovereignt

y

John Brown’s Raidon Harper’s Ferry, 1859

John Brown’s Raidon Harper’s Ferry, 1859

18601860ElectioElectio

nn

18601860ElectioElectio

nn

√ Abraham Lincoln

Republican

√ Abraham Lincoln

Republican

John BellConstitutional

Union

John BellConstitutional

Union

Stephen A. DouglasNorthern Democrat

Stephen A. DouglasNorthern Democrat

John C. Breckinridge

Southern Democrat

John C. Breckinridge

Southern Democrat

1860

Election

Results

1860

Election

Results

Crittenden Compromise:

A Last Ditch Appeal to Sanity

Crittenden Compromise:

A Last Ditch Appeal to Sanity

Senator John J. Crittenden

(Know-Nothing-KY)

Senator John J. Crittenden

(Know-Nothing-KY)

Secession!: SC Dec. 20, 1860

Secession!: SC Dec. 20, 1860

Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861

Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861