THE ROAD TO INDEPENDENCE TAKE OUT YOUR SPIRAL FOR WARM-UP AND NOTES Causes of the American Revolution.

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The Road to Independence

Take out your spiral for Warm-up and notesCauses of the American RevolutionProclamation Line of 1763 - Bellringer 1) The Colonists were still fighting ______.2) King George III of England states the colonists can not pass the ______ Mountains.3) ______ were given the _____ River Valley.4) The Colonists felt ______ about the Proclamation.5) How would you feel if someone gave your property away?

2Taxation without RepresentationThis was a slogan by James Otis used in the 13 colonies from 1763 1775The colonists complained that taxes were forced on them without any colonial representation in ParliamentThis violated the rights given to them in the Magna Carta (1215)

Reasons for TaxesBritain owed a large debt from the French and Indian WarKeeping troops in the colonies would raise that debt even higherWanted colonies to pay for part of that debt and to help with the cost of defense in the colonies

Loyalists vs. PatriotsLoyalistsA strong unified British Empire is good for allColonists are British subjects and should obey British lawTaxes are due to French & Indian War which was fought to protect coloniesAmerican colonies would be weak without BritainPatriotsPeople have rights government cant take away, like propertyColonists dont have voice in Parliament, so they cant tax coloniesMany colonists fought in the French & Indian War (weve done our part)British personnel are causing violence, riots, and deathQuartering Act, 1765Sugar Act, 1764 To enforce the Proclamation Line10,000 English soldiers stayed in the coloniesTo save the King money the colonists had to house the soldiers in their homes or pay for them to be housed

To get the colonies to pay for the French and Indian War they used taxationTariffs on sugar, molasses and other products shipped to the coloniesTaxation without Representation is Tyranny James OtisCauses of the American Revolution6Causes of the American RevolutionEvery document had to have a paid royal stampColonists had to pay in silver coins (hard to come by)All ContractsAll DiplomasAll WillsAll NewspapersAll Legal Documents

Stamp Act, 17657Colonies Responded byBoycotting -

Protesting -

Resisting -

Publishing -

Secret Societies - refused to buy English goodsNo Taxation Without Representation bought goods from smugglers(like John Hancock)political cartoons, letters, pamphlets, poems

groups like the Sons of Liberty8What are they doing?Tar and FeatheringForcing Tea down tax collectors throatCaning (hitting with stick)Who are they?Who do you think created this cartoon?

9Sons of LibertySam Adams -Leader of the Boston Sons of LibertyMany members were lawyers, merchants, and craftspeople the colonists most affected by the Stamp ActThey staged many protestsNot all were peaceful

Townshend Acts, 1767Boston Massacre, 1770Suspended the New York Assembly Tariffs on:GlassPaperPaintLeadTea

1,000 soldiers came to Boston because of the riotsTownsmen and soldiers yelled insults to each otherA fight broke outSoldiers started shooting into the fight5 townsmen died, including Crispus Attucks, first African American to dieCauses of the American RevolutionResponse from the ColonistsBoston Massacre, 1770Colonists started the fightBritish soldiers were defending themselvesSamuel Adams (leader of The Sons of Liberty) named it the Boston MassacreSoldiers were put on trial for murder of the colonistsJohn Adams (cousin) defended the soldiers and they were set free Why did he defend them?

12Boston Massacre, 1770Identify purpose:The cartoon portrays the redcoats as the aggressors and the colonists as innocent unarmed victimsIdentify Emotion:The cartoon portrays the redcoats as violent murderers who do not care about the lives of the colonistsThink Critically:The cartoon does not show what caused the redcoats to begin firing or the actions of the colonists before the firing began

Paul Reveres PROPOGANDA

Writs of AssistanceMoney raised from the Townshend Acts was intended to pay the British governors and other officials in the colonies.

To enforce the Acts, British officers used Writs of assistance, or search warrants, to enter homes or businesses to search for smuggled goods.

King George IIICommittees of CorrespondenceSam Adams urged the colonists to create these committees in 1772Purpose to stay informed of British actions abroad and continue to spread the seeds of rebellionThese groups exchanged letters on colonial affairsThese groups led to the creation of the 1st Continental Congress

Mercy Otis WarrenPart of the Committee of Correspondence in Boston; created by Samuel Adams.She wrote a series of pamphlets and satires against the British. Wrote the 1st history of the American Revolutionary War, using notes from meetings and conversations. She convinced many people to take up the Patriot cause.

Tea Act, 1773Boston Tea Party, 1773Townshend Acts repealed in 1770 exceptKept the tea tax to prove England still had the right to tax the colonists1773 - Parliament then formerly gave the British East India Company control of all tea trade in AmericaProtests fueled by the Committees of Correspondence Sons of Liberty in Boston was most famousResentment for monopolizing tea tradeDressed as Natives they threw 342 chests of tea into the harborBritish officials wanted the men to be arrested

Response from the ColonistsCauses of the American Revolution19Boston Tea Party

War is CloseAfter Boston Tea Party the Intolerable Acts are passed to punish the Massachusetts ColonyClosed the Boston PortBanned Committees of Correspondence Allowed troops to be housed anywhere they wantedAppointed General Gage as governor of Massachusetts

All other colonies offered help to them First Continental Congress is held in Philadelphia, PN (1774) Banned all trade with EnglandIntolerable Acts repealed in the coloniesEach colony began training Minutemen, those who are ready at a minutes notice21Not Quite Ready for IndependenceAlthough most delegates were not ready to declare independence from Britain, they were determined to uphold colonial rights.

The delegates agreed to meet again in 7 months, but by that time, fighting with Britain had begun.

The Boycott doesnt work this timeThe colonists hoped that the trade boycott would force Parliament to repeal the Intolerable Acts since it had worked with the Stamp Act and Townshend Acts.

This time, however, Britain stood firm.

Training for a FightBy the end of 1774, some colonists were preparing to fight.

Colonial troops continued to train, but they believed a fight with Britain would be short.

Patrick HenryFiery patriot and member of the Virginia House of Burgesses.Although most colonists believed any fight with Britain would be short, Henry thought that a show of force would make Britain change its policies.In March 1775, he is best known for his moving speech in front of the House of Burgesses, in which he ended with the phrase: Give me liberty or give me death!

25Patrick HenryGentlemen may cry, Peace, Peace but there is no peace. The war is actually begun! The next gale that sweeps from the north will bring to our ears the clash of resounding arms! Our brethren are already in the field! Why stand we here idle? What is it that gentlemen wish? What would they have? Is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery? Forbid it, Almighty God! I know not what course others may take; but as for me, give me liberty or give me death!

~Patrick Henry, March 23, 1775Virginia House of BurgessesWhat? Uh?........ what are arms?

http://www.doublegv.com/ggv/battles/tactics.html

What is a munitions dump?

The Barrett FarmThe weapons were buried in the field here and disguised a newly planted crop.

Spies on both sidesMeanwhile, spies were busy on both sides. General Gage found out that the Massachusetts militia was storing arms and ammunition in Concord, 20 miles from Boston.

LexingtonHe also heard that Sam Adams and John Hancock were in Lexington.

On the night of April 18, 1775, Gage ordered his troops to arrest Adams and Hancock and to destroy the supplies in Concord.

One if by land, Two if by seaThe Sons of Liberty had prepared for this moment. Paul Revere had designed a system of signals to alert colonists about British troop movements.

If one lantern burned in the Old North Church steeple, they were coming by land; if two, they were coming by sea.

Paul Reveres RideWhen the British moved, so did Revere and a 2nd messenger, William Dawes.

They galloped all night long spreading the news that the redcoats were coming.

The Midnight Ride

The Shot Heard Around the WorldAt dawn, 700 British troops reached Lexington and faced down 70 militiamen who refused to drop their muskets when ordered.No one knows who fired first, but within a few minutes, 8 militiamen are killed and British soldiers move on to Concord to destroy military supplies4,000 minutemen and militiamen arrive first battle of the Revolutionary War

Could either the Colonists or British soldiers have stopped the war at this point? How or Why?34