THE RISE OF THE DICTATORS
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THE RISE OF
THE DICTATORS
Dictatorship – A form of government in which
absolute power is exercised by an absolute ruler.
Totalitarian State – Government aims to control the
political, social, economic, intellectual, and cultural
lives of its citizens.
Fascism – A political philosophy that glorifies the
state (country) above the individual by emphasizing
the need for a strong central government led by a
dictatorial ruler.
VOCABULARY
War Reparations
France demands strict repayment
132 billion Marks ($33 billion U.S.)
Germany can’t pay, France occupies
German Inflation
Began printing more money, which leads to…?
Nov 1923 – 4.2 trillion Marks equaled $1.00 U.S.
THE ECONOMY TANKS
The Great Depression
Period of low economic
activity and rising
unemployment
Effects of the
Depression
Millions lose their jobs
Rise in government
intervention
Many begin to cede control
to dictators with solutions!
THE GREAT DEPRESSION
Characteristics of Totalitarian
States
Single leader and single party
lead a strong central government
Aim for total control over lives
Citizens sacrifice freedom to the
collective will of the masses
Dictators
Benito Mussolini – Italy
Joseph Stalin – U.S.S.R.
Adolf Hitler – Germany
RISE OF TOTALITARIAN STATES
Europe’s First Fascist Movement
Mussolini takes power
Growing Popularity
Used fear of socialism
Anger at Treaty of Versailles
Control of the Government
Threatens to march on Rome
Made Prime Minister
FASCISM IN ITALY
Efforts of Totalitarian Control
Secret Police, Propaganda, Youth Groups
Conquest of Ethiopia
Never as powerful as other dictators…
Liberal or Conservative?
Liberal ideas
Conservative traditions
Family is pillar of the state
Women are the foundation of society
MUSSOLINI AND TOTALITARIANISM
Creation of the U.S.S.R.
United Soviet Socialist Republics or Soviet Union
Renamed by Lenin – Why?
Lenin’s Death
Power struggle – who should rule?
Joseph Stalin – General Secretary of the Communist
Party
Stalin’s Beginnings
Solidify power
Appoint officials who support, kill those who disagree
THE EMERGING SOVIET UNION
Five-Year-Plans
Set economic goals for five year increments
Leads to miserable living conditions
Collectivization of Agriculture
Private farms eliminated
Leads to hoarding of food and slaughtering livestock
FAMINE! (10 million dead in one year)
Purges of Opponents
Disagree with Stalin? Exile or execution!
8 million arrested and sent to “labor camps” in Siberia
STALIN’S REPRESSIVE REGIME
We will be watching many different video clips of these dictators in “action.”
While watching the video clips, write at least 5 describing words about things you notice/learn about each dictator or dictatorship.
Keep in mind these questions and be prepared to share your answers:
Are there similarities between all of the dictators?
What are the differences between them?
Do we see any recurring patterns between them all that might be applicable to today?
Is it “easy” to spot a dictator rising?
YOUR TASK
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