The Rise of Spain. Centralizing Spain Marriage of Isabella of Castile and Ferdinand of Aragon Catholic monarchs Created religious orthodoxy.

The Rise of Spain

Centralizing Spain

•Marriage of Isabella of Castile and Ferdinand of Aragon•Catholic monarchs•Created religious orthodoxy

Spanish Inquisition

• Enforce the conversion of Moors and Jews

• Interrogated and punished those questioning Church doctrine

• Reinforced the power of the monarchy

Spain’s Economy

• Colonial Empire– 10 % Crown’s

income– triple silver

resources• 16th century

European Boom• Traded with

France and Italian city-states.

• Supplied the colonies

Spain’s Monarchy

Spanish Hapsburg

• Charles V (son of Joanna) a Hapsburg (1519 - 1558)

• Holy Roman Emperor• Many wars and high

taxation• Philip II inherited

Spain• Developed larger

bureaucracy• Logistics created

difficulties

• Phillip II (1556 – 1598)• Inherited Portugal,

possessed 17 provinces of the Netherlands and the Free County of Burgundy.

• 1550 - 1650• Potosi • Cervantes Don Quixote• Lope de Vega wrote

200 dramas• El Greco, Murillo, and

Velazquez• Jesuit Suarez -

philosphy

Decline of Spain• Overextended• Dutch Revolt• High taxation• Inquisition in land

of Calvinists• Duke of Alba

(Council of Troubles)

Revolt of the Netherlands

• Spanish Road

• Spanish Mutinies

• Spanish Desertion Defeat of the Spanish Armada

• Maurice de Nassau

• Price Revolution (Gold and Silver from America)

• 1568 - 1598 5 times the military expenditures of the Dutch, English and French.

• 1576, epidemics, plagues, harvest failures.

• New taxation (Excise [sales] Tax)

History• Ruled by Spain (Charles V)

1516 - 1648

• Federalist union

• Defensive alliance against Spain

• Did not want absolutism

• Seven provinces with States General

• Autonomy, provincial sovereignty, and religious pluralism

• Nobility weak economic and political role

• Oligarchy• House of Orange served as

chief officials

• 17th century saw development

• Amsterdam Public Bank backbone of financial operations

• Facilitate foreign trade

• Expanded agriculture

• Land reclamation, increased productivity sustain larger population

• 1630s 2,500 ships accounted for 1/2 of Europe shipping

• Trade monopolies were granted

• Dutch East India Company

• Established company settlements in the East

• Famous mathamatician, physicist, and astronomer

• Father of microbiology.

• Improved the microscope

• Laid foundations for international law

• Freedom of the seas

• Greatest Painters in European history.

• Most important Dutch Painter

• Rival resources of population (England and France)

• Wars against England drained resources.

• Foreign tariffs on Dutch goods

• Colonial empire lagged behind

• Louis XIV

• Industry could not compete (wages and technology)