The Rise of Islam The Muslim World
Dec 19, 2015
The Rise of Islam
The Muslim World
AllahMuhammadIslamMuslimHijrahMosqueHajjQur’anSunnaShari’a
VOCAB
Most of the land on the Arabian Peninsula consists of desert
Few oasis’ and a small strip of land in southern Arabia can support agriculture
Area was populated by nomadic herders600’s many began to settle around the oasis’
and market towns along the western coast of Arabia
Deserts, Towns, and Trade Routes
Crossroads of Trade and Ideas:600’s trade routes connected Arabia to the
major ocean and trade routes around the worldGoods from the Persian and Byzantine Empires
were bought and traded throughout ArabiaTrade routes also brought information and
ideas from the outside world to Arabia
Deserts, Towns, and Trade Routes
Deserts, Towns, and Trade RoutesMecca
City in Western Arabia Caravans of pilgrims stop in Mecca to worship
at Ka’abaAncient shrine of worship
Arabs associate this house with Abraham; Hebrew prophet and believer in one God.
Over the years the Ka’aba was home to nearly 360 idols from many different tribes
Belief in one God (Allah), existed in Arabia
Muhammad (570 AD) Born into a wealthy Meccan family Orphaned at age of 6; raised by grandfather
and uncleAt 25; became a trader and manager for a
wealthy business women named Khadijah- later would marry
Took great interest in religion, spent time alone in prayer and meditaion
The Prophet Muhammad
RevelationsAge 40 Muhammad’s life would change
forever;While meditating in a cave near Mecca he
heard a voice call to himAccording to Muslim faith it was the voice of the
angel Gabriel; who told Muhammad he was the messenger of Allah
Muhammad became convinced that the voice who spoke to him was that of Allah
Began to teach that Allah was the only God and that all other gods should be abandoned
Islam was created.
The Prophet Muhammad
RevelationsIslam: means “submission to the will of Allah”A Muslim is someone who believes in Islam
Muslim: means “one who is submitted” 613 Muhammad began to preach in Mecca to
mixed reviewsSome feared that his monotheistic beliefs would
ruin Mecca’s pilgrimage
The Prophet Muhammad
The Hijrah(622 AD) After his followers were attacked
Muhammad left Mecca He moved to the town of Yathrib, 200 miles
north of MeccaThe migration was known as Hijrah The town of Yathrib became known as Medina In Medina Muhammad united the Arabs and
Jews living their as one community
The Prophet Muhammad
Returning to MeccaGrowing tension between Mecca and Medina
led to Muhammad gaining military control630 AD Muhammad and 10,000 of his followers
marched to MeccaThe Meccans surrenderedMuhammad destroyed the idols in the Ka’aba
and converted many Islam2 years later Muhammad died at 62Great strides in uniting the Arabian Pennisula
under Islam
The Prophet Muhammad
Beliefs and Practices of Islam There is only one GodThere is good and evilEach individual is responsible for his/her own
life
The Five PillarsFaith- “There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad
is the messenger of Allah”Prayer- Five times a day they must face Mecca and
pray. They may gather in a mosque or where ever Alms- All Muslims must give to the poor; through a
religious taxFasting- During Ramadan Muslims fast from dawn
till sunset. Reminder spiritual needs are more than physical needs
Pilgrimage- those that are physically and financially capable must make a hajj, or pilgrimage to Mecca
Beliefs and Practices of Islam
A Way of Life:Five pillars ensure Muslims live their religion
while serving the community Other beliefs, morals ,and laws make up
Muslim SocietyForbidden to eat pork, drink intoxicating beveragesFriday afternoon set aside for communal worship
No religious hierarchy; everyone prays directly to Allah
Ulama- scholar class; religious teachers who apply the words and deeds of Muhammad to everyday life
Beliefs and Practices of Islam
Sources of AuthorityOriginal source is Allah speaking to
Muhammad through Gabriel the angelWhile Muhammad lived the followers
memorized his revelations Collected into a book called the Qur’an-
Muslim Holy BookQur’an is written in Arabic; only version to be
considered true word of Allah Arabic language used to help unify the Muslim
people
Beliefs and Practices of Islam
Sources of AuthoritySunna- Muhammad’s example was the proper
way of living Shari’a- system of law that regulates the family
life, moral conduct, business and community life of the Muslims
Beliefs and Practices of Muslims
Links to Judaism and ChristianityMuslims believe that Allah is the same God
that is worshiped in Christianity and Judaism Muslims view Jesus as a prophet, not the son of
God Muslims refer to Christians and Jews as
“people of the book” – They all have holy booksMuslims trace their ancestry to Abraham, just
like the Jews and Christians Shari’a law requires Muslim leaders to extend
religious tolerance to Christians and Jews.
Beliefs and Practices of Islam