The Rise of fascism

THE RISE OF FASCISM

Hitler & Mussolini

Fascism New political movement Emphasized loyalty to the state and

obedience to its leader Goal – revive economy, punish those

responsible for difficult times, and restore national pride

Typically wore uniforms of a certain color, used special salutes, and held mass rallies

How does Fascism come to Italy? Bitter disappointment over

loss of territories at the Paris Peace Conference

Rising inflation and unemployment

Feared a Communist revolution

Benito Mussolini Politician Founded Fascist

Party in 1919Black Shirts

Il Duce – after demands to King Victor Emmanuel III

Abolished democracy

Outlawed all political parties

Censorship Banned strikes Took control of

economy Became the model

for Fascists in other countriesStalin & Hitler

What factors led to the

rise of fascism in

Italy???

Hitler Takes Control in Germany Born in Austria Fought in WWI Joined the Nationalist Socialist

German Workers’ Party (Nazi) Formed the German brand of

Fascism – NazismThe fascist policies of the Nazi

Party, based on totalitarianism, a belief in racial superiority, and state control of industry

Hitler & the Nazi Party Adopt the swastika symbol Militia called Brownshirts Leader of the Nazi Party – der Führer Inspired by Mussolini’s march on Rome

– wanted to seize power in MunichFailed! Tried for treason and sent to prison

Wrote Mein Kampf (My Struggle) while in prison

Mein Kampf Outlined Hitler’s goals and

beliefs for Germany Became the blueprint for the

Nazis Aryans (blond and blue-eyed)

were the “master race”Jews, Slavs, Gypsies were inferior

Hated the Treaty of Versailles! Vowed to regain lands taken

from Germany

Hitler Becomes Chancellor Largest political party by 1932 1933 – named Chancellor by German President Soon demanded absolute control Germany became a totalitarian state Banned all other political parties Elite protection squad – SS – black uniformed unit

Loyal only to Hitler Gestapo – Nazi secret police Gestapo & SS forced Germans into total

obedience

By naming Hitler as Reichschancellor you have

delivered up our holy Fatherland to one of the greatest

[rabblerousers] of all time. I solemnly [predict] that this

accursed man will plunge our Reich into the abyss and bring our nation into inconceivably

misery.

General Erich Ludendorff, Feb. 1, 1933

Hitler Takes Total Control Command of economy Laws banned strikes Dissolved independent labor unions Government controlled labor and businesses How does Hitler get unemployment rate from

6 million to 1.5 million?Built highwaysManufactured weaponsConstructed factoriesServed in military

What was similar about Mussolini and Hitler’s rise

to power???

They both did so legally

Hitler Uses Propaganda Press, radio, literature, painting, and film Burned books Churches forbidden to criticize the Nazi

Party Hitler Youth (boys group) League of German Girls Hugely influenced by Social Darwinism

Anti-Semitism Hatred of Jews – major belief of the Nazi

ideology Used Jews as scapegoats for

Germany’s troubles Kristallnacht – Nov. 9, 1938 – Nazi mobs

attacked Jews in their homes and on the streetsNight of Broken Glass

Began the process of eliminating the Jews from German life