The Rise of Dictators and the World’s Response Unit 9, Lesson 1.

The Rise of Dictators and the World’s Response

Unit 9, Lesson 1

Essential Idea

• As fascist government became imperialistic, the world, including the United States, reacted insufficiently to stop it.

American Foreign Policy in the 1920s

• Isolationism – Leaving Latin

America

• Peace conferences

• Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928)

• Fragile peace

Japanese Aggression• Invasion

of Manchuria

• League of Nations response

• Stimson Doctrine (1932)

FDR and Latin America

• Dollar Diplomacy

• “Good Neighbor Policy” (1933)– Pan-American

conferences– Cuba

FDR and International

Trade• London Economic

Conference (1933)• Soviet Union

(1933)• Tydings-McDuffie

Act (1934)• Reciprocal Trade

Agreements

Joseph Stalin

• Joseph Stalin

• Farm collectives

• Concentration camps

• Industrialization

The Rise of Fascism: Italy

• Fascism – Comparison to

communism

• Italy

• Benito Mussolini (1922)

The Rise of Fascism: Japan

• Military dictatorship– Emperor Hirohito

• Response to Great Depression

The Rise of Fascism: Germany

• Nazi party• Adolf Hitler

– Background– Beer Hall Putsch– Mein Kampf

Hitler Takes Power

• Nazis gain influence• Hitler becomes

Chancellor• Reichstag fire• Enabling Act (1933)• Rome-Berlin Axis

(1936)• The Rise of

Dictatorships

German Jews• The Aryan race• Eugenics• Nuremberg Laws (1935)• Kristallnacht (November 9, 1938)

Jewish Emigration

• Mass exodus• Foreign response• The St. Louis• Failed Emigration

Jewish Segregation• Ghettos • Conditions• Mobile killing squads

The “Final Solution”

• Concentration camps

• Death camps

• Legacy

Fascist Dictatorships Expand

• Italy– Ethiopia

(1935)

• Japan– China

(1937)

• What is the difference between Germany prior to WWI and after the Treaty of Versailles?

• Were the new borders drawn according to ethnicities or national identities?

• What countries might Hitler want to invade in order to get “old Germany” back?

Germany Expands• Impact of Treaty of Versailles • Germany militarizes• Rhineland (1936)• Anschluss (1938)• Sudetenland (1938)• Hitler’s justification

Europe’s Weak Response

• Munich Conference (1938)• Appeasement • Neville Chamberlain

World War II Begins

• Non-Aggression Pact (Hitler-Stalin Pact, 1939)

• Lead-up to War

• Hitler invades Poland (September 1, 1939)

• Blitzkrieg

• World War II Begins

Germany on the Offensive • Winston Churchill • Invading France• Miracle at Dunkirk• Dunkirk

Britain vs. Germany• Battle of Britain • Britain

American Response• Isolationists• The Nye Committee (1934)• Neutrality Acts (1935, 1936, 1937)• FDR’s Quarantine Speech• Public reaction • American Isolationists

American Isolationism

• Francisco Franco

• Spain falls to fascism (1939)

“Neutrality” Evolves

• Preparedness

• Help Britain?

• “Cash and carry” (Neutrality Act of 1939)

“Neutrality” Evolves

• Selective Training and Service Act (1940)

• “Destroyers for bases” deal

Election of 1940

• A third term?• Wendell Willkie• FDR’s campaign• Results

Creating an “Arsenal of Democracy”

• “Four Freedoms” speech

• Getting around the Neutrality Acts

• Lend-Lease Act (1941)

• Lend-Lease• Atlantic Charter

(1941)• The Greer

FDR vs. the American People?

• FDR’s Critics• America First

Committee• A Nation Divided