The Rise of Adolf Hitler and the Beginning of World War II

The Rise of Adolf The Rise of Adolf Hitler and the Hitler and the

Beginning of World Beginning of World War IIWar II

Time Magazine’s “Man of the Year” in 1938

Adolf HitlerAdolf Hitler

►Born on April 20, 1889 in AustriaBorn on April 20, 1889 in Austria►Attended a Catholic monastery school Attended a Catholic monastery school

where he was a member of their choirwhere he was a member of their choir►Considered becoming a priestConsidered becoming a priest►Wanted to become an artist,Wanted to become an artist,

but his father made him followbut his father made him followin his footstepsin his footsteps

►During high school, Adolf becameDuring high school, Adolf becamea German nationalista German nationalist

Adolf HitlerAdolf Hitler

►His father died when Adolf was 13, and His father died when Adolf was 13, and he became the head of his family’s he became the head of his family’s household and dropped out of high household and dropped out of high schoolschool

►Five years later, Adolf’s dreams were Five years later, Adolf’s dreams were fulfilled and he took the entrance exam fulfilled and he took the entrance exam to Vienna’s Academy of Fine Artsto Vienna’s Academy of Fine Arts

►Told that his drawings lacked the talent Told that his drawings lacked the talent of artistic painting, he was rejectedof artistic painting, he was rejected

Adolf HitlerAdolf Hitler

► Hitler the unemployed slacker tried again to Hitler the unemployed slacker tried again to attend Vienna’s Academy of Fine Art, but his attend Vienna’s Academy of Fine Art, but his test drawings were considered so bad that test drawings were considered so bad that he wasn’t even allowed to take the exam he wasn’t even allowed to take the exam

► Hitler became homeless in 1909Hitler became homeless in 1909► Made a modest living by selling his paintings Made a modest living by selling his paintings

in Jewish shopsin Jewish shops► Living in a town with an anti-Semitic leader, Living in a town with an anti-Semitic leader,

Adolf began to read anti-Semitic literature Adolf began to read anti-Semitic literature and quickly began to despise Jewish peopleand quickly began to despise Jewish people

Adolf HitlerAdolf Hitler

► Anti-Semitism: Anti-Semitism: An intense An intense dislike and prejudice dislike and prejudice against the Jewish peopleagainst the Jewish people

► Becoming increasingly Becoming increasingly interested in politics, Hitler interested in politics, Hitler joined the German armyjoined the German army

► Fought in World War IFought in World War I► Was said to have shown Was said to have shown

“outstanding bravery in the “outstanding bravery in the face of the enemy”face of the enemy”

► Germany lost WWI in 1918Germany lost WWI in 1918

Anti-Semitism?Anti-Semitism?

►Why was Anti-Semitism popular for Why was Anti-Semitism popular for hundreds of years: hundreds of years:

► Jews were blamed for killing ChristJews were blamed for killing Christ► Kicked out of the majority of European Kicked out of the majority of European

countriescountries► Were forced to live in povertyWere forced to live in poverty

Germany after WWIGermany after WWI

► Along with many Along with many Germans, Hitler Germans, Hitler believed that believed that Germany could have Germany could have won WWIwon WWI

► They were They were “betrayed” from “betrayed” from within by the Jewishwithin by the Jewish

► Germany becomes a Germany becomes a democracydemocracy

► Limited to 100,000 Limited to 100,000 soldierssoldiers

The German Worker’s PartyThe German Worker’s Party

► Hitler joined Hitler joined The The German Worker’s German Worker’s PartyParty Strong nationalist, Strong nationalist,

pro military, anti-pro military, anti-Semitic partySemitic party

► Hitler became the Hitler became the “voice” of the party “voice” of the party because of his because of his strong ability to strong ability to speakspeak

► In 1920, Hitler In 1920, Hitler chose the swastika chose the swastika to represent the to represent the political partypolitical party

► Party name is called Party name is called “Nazi” for short“Nazi” for short

Hitler becomes Nazi LeaderHitler becomes Nazi Leader

► Hitler threatens to Hitler threatens to leave the party leave the party unless they make unless they make him the dictator of him the dictator of the partythe party Dictator: Dictator: A person A person

with complete with complete authority authority

Became “Became “FuhrerFuhrer” ” a.k.a “leader”a.k.a “leader”

The German DepressionThe German Depression

► Germany forced to Germany forced to pay for damages pay for damages caused in World War caused in World War II

► HyperinflationHyperinflation: The : The extreme loss in value extreme loss in value of moneyof money

► For every American For every American dollar, one would dollar, one would have to have have to have 4 4 billion German billion German marksmarks

Nazi RevolutionNazi Revolution

► In 1923, the Nazi In 1923, the Nazi Party, led by Hitler, Party, led by Hitler, attempted to attempted to overthrow the overthrow the German governmentGerman government

► FAILURE!FAILURE!► Hitler was charged Hitler was charged

with five years in with five years in prisonprison

► While in prison, Hitler While in prison, Hitler wrote “Mein Kampf” wrote “Mein Kampf”

Speaks of Hitler’s Speaks of Hitler’s political and racial political and racial views and outlines his views and outlines his plans for a better plans for a better GermanyGermany

The German Depression The German Depression WorsensWorsens

► October 29, 1929 the October 29, 1929 the American stock market American stock market crashedcrashed

► Caused Germany to slip Caused Germany to slip into a greater depressioninto a greater depression

► Utilizing Hitler’s Utilizing Hitler’s outstanding speeches, outstanding speeches, the Nazi Party the Nazi Party campaigned throughout campaigned throughout Germany and received Germany and received 18% of the German 18% of the German government government

► In 1932, Hitler runs for In 1932, Hitler runs for president against president against Hindenburg (who would Hindenburg (who would have been 92 by the have been 92 by the time his term was over)time his term was over)

► Hindenburg winsHindenburg wins► Democracy failsDemocracy fails

SolutionSolution

► In attempt to recover the government In attempt to recover the government and to avoid being overthrown, and to avoid being overthrown, Hindenburg appointed Hitler the new Hindenburg appointed Hitler the new chancellor of Germanychancellor of Germany

►As chancellor (the 2As chancellor (the 2ndnd highest position highest position in Germany) Hitler quickly dissolved in Germany) Hitler quickly dissolved the democracy and declared himself the democracy and declared himself dictator of Germanydictator of Germany

►First action: ban on Jewish productsFirst action: ban on Jewish products

Ban on Jewish ProductsBan on Jewish Products

“Don’t buy from Jews; shop in German businesses!”

Protecting HitlerProtecting Hitler

►Birth ofBirth of the Third Reichstag the Third Reichstag:: “The Third “The Third Rule”Rule”

►The S.SThe S.S: “Schutz-Staffel” were Hitler’s : “Schutz-Staffel” were Hitler’s body guardsbody guards

►GestapoGestapo: Hitler’s secret police force that : Hitler’s secret police force that worked to uncover those plotting worked to uncover those plotting against Hitleragainst Hitler

►Hitler’s YouthHitler’s Youth: His attempt to raise : His attempt to raise young Germans into his followersyoung Germans into his followers

Hitler YouthHitler Youth

“ “The weak must be chiseled away. I want young men and women who can suffer pain. A young German must be as swift as a greyhound, as tough as leather and as hard as Krupp’s steel.” - Hitler

“A twelve mile march was considered nothing special for boys who are trained until they can make a march of fifty miles without any food other than concentrated rations they carry in their packs. Nupp was recovering from a heavy cold but he was not excused from the hike. He had a severe relapse as a result… Later the doctor confided to me that often after one of these lengthy marches he had as many as thirty boys in the hospital.”

World DictatorsWorld Dictators

►By 1930, dictators had seized control of By 1930, dictators had seized control of Germany, Italy, Japan, and the Soviet Germany, Italy, Japan, and the Soviet UnionUnion Germany: Adolf HitlerGermany: Adolf Hitler Italy: Benito MussoliniItaly: Benito Mussolini Japan: Emperor Hirohito (Greatly influenced Japan: Emperor Hirohito (Greatly influenced

by Prime Minister Tojo)by Prime Minister Tojo) Soviet Union: Joseph StalinSoviet Union: Joseph Stalin

►Fascism: Fascism: An extreme form of patriotism An extreme form of patriotism that is often linked with racismthat is often linked with racism

DictatorsDictators

The Axis Powers and WarThe Axis Powers and War

► Italy, Germany, and Italy, Germany, and Japan (joined in 1940)Japan (joined in 1940)

► 1937: Japan invaded 1937: Japan invaded ChinaChina

► 1938: Britain and France 1938: Britain and France attempted to attempted to appease appease Hitler by allowing him to Hitler by allowing him to take part of take part of Czechoslovakia if he Czechoslovakia if he promised not to expand promised not to expand his territory anymorehis territory anymore

► 1938: Germany 1938: Germany conquered Austria and conquered Austria and CzechoslovakiaCzechoslovakia

► 1939: Germany and the 1939: Germany and the Soviet Union vowed not Soviet Union vowed not to attack each otherto attack each other

► September 1, 1939: September 1, 1939: World War II began when World War II began when Germany attacked PolandGermany attacked Poland

► Great Britain and France Great Britain and France declared war on Germanydeclared war on Germany

► Total WarTotal War: A war in which : A war in which every available resource every available resource is utilized and every is utilized and every person is an acceptable person is an acceptable targettarget

BlitzkriegBlitzkrieg

►Blitzkrieg:Blitzkrieg: “Lightning War” was a new form “Lightning War” was a new form of war which emphasized speed and surpriseof war which emphasized speed and surprise Tanks, troops, and planesTanks, troops, and planes No trenches!! (Except in the battle for No trenches!! (Except in the battle for

Stalingrad) Stalingrad)

►Within a month, Germany controlled PolandWithin a month, Germany controlled Poland►1940: Germany conquered Denmark, 1940: Germany conquered Denmark,

Norway, Belgium, and the Netherlands Norway, Belgium, and the Netherlands before turning its eyes on Francebefore turning its eyes on France

BlitzkriegBlitzkrieg

BlitzkriegBlitzkrieg

The AlliesThe Allies

► PolandPoland► AustraliaAustralia► United Kingdom (Great United Kingdom (Great

Britain)Britain)► FranceFrance► New ZealandNew Zealand► CanadaCanada► NorwayNorway► BelgiumBelgium

► NetherlandsNetherlands► CzechoslovakiaCzechoslovakia► GreeceGreece► Soviet Union (joined Soviet Union (joined

in 1941)in 1941)► United States United States

(joined in 1941)(joined in 1941)► Etc…Etc…► Etc…Etc…► Do you get the Do you get the

point?point?

By the end of the war, more than 50 countries were part of the Allies

France and Great BritainFrance and Great Britain

►Within two weeks of fighting, France Within two weeks of fighting, France surrenderedsurrendered

►Who is left?Who is left?►Great BritainGreat Britain

Bombing of London by the Bombing of London by the Luftwaffe Luftwaffe (German air force)(German air force)

Despite the bombings, Britain does not Despite the bombings, Britain does not surrendersurrender

The battle of StalingradThe battle of Stalingrad

►1941: Hitler backstabbed Stalin’s Soviet 1941: Hitler backstabbed Stalin’s Soviet UnionUnion

►The battle of Stalingrad (1942)The battle of Stalingrad (1942) Capture meant cutting the Soviet Union’s Capture meant cutting the Soviet Union’s

supply routesupply route Immediate success of German armyImmediate success of German army Stalin forces all civilians to remain within the Stalin forces all civilians to remain within the

city, resulting in thousands of deathscity, resulting in thousands of deaths German forces controlled 90% of the cityGerman forces controlled 90% of the city

Battle of StalingradBattle of Stalingrad

The Battle of StalingradThe Battle of Stalingrad

The Battle of StalingradThe Battle of Stalingrad

►Winter set inWinter set in►Unprepared to fight in the severe winter Unprepared to fight in the severe winter

weather, the German army was defeatedweather, the German army was defeated►By the end of the battle, nearly 2 million By the end of the battle, nearly 2 million

casualties were inflicted on both sidescasualties were inflicted on both sides►1943:First Nazi defeat1943:First Nazi defeat►The turning point in theThe turning point in the

warwar