GRiSP Integrating physiology, Crop Modeling and Genetics to Tackle Thermal Stresses in Rice: The RIDEV Approach Michael Dingkuhn (IRRI/CIRAD) Cecile Julia (Ph.D. 2012, Montpellier) Richard Pasco (IRRI) Jean-Christophe Soulie (CIRAD) funded by GEZ, AfricaRice, CCAFS and CIRAD
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The RIDEV Approach · Panicle T for heat stress at anthesis Time of day of anthesis (TOA) Towards a new RIDEV Funding: GEZ (Risocas project) and ARC (modeling ... Microclimate recording
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GRiSPIntegrating physiology, Crop
Modeling and Geneticsto Tackle Thermal
Stresses inRice:
The RIDEV Approach
Michael Dingkuhn (IRRI/CIRAD)Cecile Julia (Ph.D. 2012, Montpellier)
Richard Pasco (IRRI)Jean-Christophe Soulie (CIRAD)
funded by GEZ, AfricaRice, CCAFS and CIRAD
GRiSP Topics
� Thermal factors affecting rice production
� History: Sahel irrigated rice and the 1st RIDEV tool
� New aspects: Transpiration cooling and TOA
� A multi-environment study on rice microclimate
� Modeling micro-climate based phenology and sterility with RIDEV V.2
� Applications of RIDEV V.2
� Mapping of thermal risks
� Heuristic phenotyping of phenology and thermal sterility
� Outlook
GRiSP Rationale
� Thermal adaptation is fundamental for agro-ecological fit and fitness
� CC is changing thermal environments
� Rice as species has diverse thermal adaptation, but broadly adapted genotypes are rare
� Accuracy of crop models is still poor re. thermal effects
Multiple regression model predicting TD from…VPD, Rs, Ta, Sun angle, and Panicle height from groundTD1 = -1.578 + 1.093*VPD+0.189*Tair - 3.367E-02*TopP-3.99E-03*Rs + 3.31E-02*Hdeg
Panicle-air temperature difference (=>RIDEV): Regression model adopted for simulation
GRiSPy = 0.56x - 0.70
R² = 0.72
-15
-10
-5
0
5-15 -5 5
Tp-
Ta o
bsev
ed (°
C)
Tp-Ta calculated ( °C)
CHOMRONG
IM2PACTcalc vs…
y = 0.86x - 0.56R² = 0.76
-15
-10
-5
0
5-15 -5 5
Tp-
Ta o
bsev
ed (°
C)
Tp-Ta calculated ( °C)
CHOMRONG
RIDEVcalc vs…
y = 0.74x - 1.14R² = 0.83
-15
-10
-5
0
5-15 -5 5
Tp-
Ta o
bsev
ed (°
C)IR64
IM2PACTcalc vs…
y = 1.05x - 0.06R² = 0.87
-15
-10
-5
0
5-15 -5 5
Tp-
Ta o
bsev
ed (°
C)IR64
RIDEVcalc vs…
y = 1.13x + 0.20R² = 0.81
-15
-10
-5
0
5
-15 -5 5 Tp-
Ta o
bsev
ed (°
C)
Tp-Ta calculated ( °C)
Sahel 108
RIDEVcalc vs…
y = 0.77x - 1.07R² = 0.74
-15
-10
-5
0
5
-15 -5 5 Tp-
Ta o
bsev
ed (°
C)
Tp-Ta calculated ( °C)
Sahel 108
IM2PACTcalc vs…
RIDEV vs.
IM2PACT(Tsukuba, field-
calibrated in Japan)
GRiSP
22
24
26
28
30
32
PHIL_DS SEN_HS SEN_CS FR_HS
Tem
pera
ture
(°
C)
Site
(b)
Air and Panicle Temperature at TOA (calculated)
22
24
26
28
30
32
Chomrong IR64 IR72 S108
Tem
pera
ture
(°
C)
Variety
(a)
Site means
Genotype means
GRiSP
Disaggregation of observed sterility into its components
- Incomplete panicle exertion- Chilling at microspore stage- Heat at anthesis (TOA)
GRiSP
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
PHIL_DS SEN_HS SEN_CS FR_HS
Pan
icle
exs
ertio
n (%
)
Site
Chomrong IR64 S108
IR72 Last grain Neck node
(b)
Panicle exertion at flowering
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
PHIL_DS SEN_HS SEN_CS FR_HS
Ste
rility
(%
)
Site
(c)
Chomrong IR64 S108 IR72
Spikelet sterility Incomplete panicle exertion- occurred in cold-night environments- explained some of observed sterility
Observed spikelet sterility
GRiSP
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28
Ste
rility
(%
)
Tw(min) at microspore stage ( °C)
Phil-ds Sen-hs
Sen-cs Fr-hs
Chomrong
Chilling effect at microspore stage on sterility
GRiSP Heat effect at anthesis on sterility
GRiSPConclusions of experimental study
(Thesis C. Julia)
Reproductive-stage adaptations to thermal stresses:
� Tolerance� Pollen viability under heat/cold (anti-oxidants? OA ?
Membrane & protein properties?)
� Avoidance� Transpiration cooling of panicle� Good panicle exertion (long peduncle)
� Escape� Time of day of anthesis (TOA)� Adaptive plasticity of TOA
� Temporal spread of anthesis (e.g., 2 wk)
Heat stress more likely in warm -humid than hot-dry climates!
GRiSP
Modeling with RIDEV
GRiSP
BVP PSP Reproductive Maturation
PI
Panicle T at anthesis=> Heat sterility
Water tmin=> Cold sterility
Canopy T=> Poor panicle exertion=> Sterility
Day length
TOA
Development ratefn(thermal time)
Apex is below water line
Apex
emerges Apex at top of canopy
Processes considered
in RIDEV
GRiSP RIDEV, new tool for crop -model assisted phenomics
� Simulator of…� Phenology incl. microclimate & PP effects� Sensitive phases to T of reproductive processes� G and E effects on TOA� Sterility caused by…
� Chilling effects on microsporogenesis (water Tmin)� Chilling effects on panicle exertion (air Tmin)� Heat effects on pollination (Tpanicle at anthesis)
� Prediction (forward mode)� CC impact mapping, plant type optimization� Agronomy (optimize genotype and crop calendar; risk studies)
� Heuristic parameterization of genotypes (reverse mo de)� Phenomics (extraction of genotypic parameter values from
experimental data)
GRiSP RIDEV Interface for point simulationsHTP Optimization of genotypic parameters by R-Genoud (genetic algo) against observation file (heuristics):
-SAHEL 108- Many sowing dates- Different data sources
BUT: still problems with fitting some trad. cvs.
Observed duration to flowering (d)
60 80 100 120 140
Sim
ulat
ed d
urat
ion
to fl
ower
ing
(d)
60
80
100
120
Senegal
Y = 7.5 + 0.91X, R2 = 0.92Madagascar
GRiSP Issues
� Methodological (RIDEV)
� Phenology of some traditional cvs. is difficult to simulate (complex T x PP interaction?)
� More validation needed before extrapolation
� New scientific questions
� Trade-offs between water-saving and transpiration cooling (extend RIDEV to water limited situations)
� Transpiration cooling under high CO2?
� Genetics of heat avoidance (transpiration cooling) and escape (adaptive plasticity of TOA)
GRiSP Outlook (1)Use of RIDEV for Phenomics /GWAS
� Indica GWAS panel (200 acc., ORYTAGE project)
� Field-phenotyped for phenology and sterility in 12 en vironments:� 6 sowing dates in Senegal� 3 altitudes x 2 years in Madagascar
� Extraction of genotypic response parameters across environments:� Cardinal temperatures Tb and To� Thermal duration of phenological phases� PP-sensitivity� Chilling sensitivity of microsporogenesis� Chilling sensitivity of panicle exertion� Heat sensitivity of anthesis
� Association study using 700K Oryza SNP chip
GRiSPAPO 91-385 DA5 JAMAJIGI PA TOU HUNG TAICHUNG NATIVE 1 WAB 706-3-4-K4-KB-1