The Respiratory System. © iStockphoto.com/”Eraxion”

The Respiratory SystemThe Respiratory System

The Respiratory SystemThe Respiratory System©

iStockphoto.com

/”Eraxion”

Respiratory System StructureRespiratory System Structure

Nasal cavity

Mouth

EpiglottisPharynx

Larynx

Smooth muscle

Pulmonary arteriole

Pulmonary venule

Terminal bronchiole

Respiratory bronchiole

The Conductive ZoneThe Conductive Zone

The Respiratory ZoneThe Respiratory Zone

Mechanisms of BreathingMechanisms of Breathing• Active Inspiration:

• Passive Expiration:

© iStockphoto.com/”ShaneKato”

Lung VolumesLung VolumesDynamic lung volume

Ventilation (VE)

VE = VT * f Tidal volume (VT)

Respiratory frequency (f)

Ex. 16 breaths/min * .5 litres/breath = 8 l/min

Gas ExchangeGas Exchange

Diffusion mediates gas exchange

Diffusion

Diffusion can only occur if a difference in concentration exists

a-vO2 Differencea-vO2 Difference

Physiological Adaptations Due to Physiological Adaptations Due to Endurance TrainingEndurance Training

Inner Workings of FitnessA Yale University study used MRI imaging to monitor a group of men or various levels

of fitness working out on a treadmill for an hour.

Keith Larry Salvadore

Background Past Olympic marathon runner

Fit active retired man Sedentary worker

Age 37 60 35

Weight / Height 135 lbs / 70 in 169 lbs / 69 in 173 lbs / 68 in

Body Fat 5.3% 16.2 % 35 %

Daily Exercise 2 Hours 1 Hour None

VO2 Max 76 ml / kg / min 41.9 ml / kg /min 35.3 ml / kg / min

Right Iliac Artery Diameter

12 mm 8 mm 6 mm

MRI scan indicating

muscle work levels after 1

hour

Tons of mitochondria shown in muscle but even though he went

twice as far as Larry still not overly exerted

Muscles show Larry’s muscles worked hard

after running for a solid hour.

Muscles lit up from walking for one hour on

treadmill.