The The Renaissance Renaissance
Jan 17, 2016
The The RenaissanceRenaissance
The BeginningThe term Renaissance means ―rebirth in Latin.
• It was a period from about 1300 to 1650 C.E. in which Europe experienced a rebirth of art and learning.
• The Renaissance started in Italy where wealth from trade supported art learning.
• It was influenced by very powerful Italian families such as the Medici’s who were bankers out of Florence.
• The families gave financial support, or patronage, to various artists.
• Here also modern capitalism was born. Private individuals or companies, not the government, owned businesses. The main goal is profit.
• Venice experienced great prosperity. Allowed the development of republican governments, headed by an elected doge, or leader.
So where did they get the ideas from?
Far in the East a power was growing which would change the world…the Ottomans!
They took over the Islam kingdoms and in 1453 they captured the Byzantine capital, Constantinople!
The Walls of Constantinople
The Ottoman Empire
What do the Ottomans have to do with the
RenaissanceWell…Once the Ottomans enteredEast Europe many Greek professors and scholars fled to Italy for safety.
In Italy they brought the ancient Greek and Roman books on
philosophy, history, mathematics, drama, science,
and government!
Once there, the Greek scholars opened universities
But there was also…trade!
VeniceVenice
These two cities began to transport goods from the Middle East since the Crusades They brought new ideas, technology, and products
back from the East and spurred the drive for knowledge
GenoaGenoa
Characteristics of the Characteristics of the RenaissanceRenaissance
Individualism
Questioning Attitude/ Critical thinking
Interest in Secular, or non-religious, worldly matters
Rise of the middle class (merchants)
Characteristics of the Characteristics of the RenaissanceRenaissance
Humanismfocus on human
achievement rather than religious themes.
Became a movement.
Due to secular nature and its questioning attitude, often ran into conflict with the traditional teachings of the Catholic Church and Medieval thought
Medieval ArtMedieval Art
Artists depicted subjects in an unrealistic 2D style
Some of the great art work was in the stain glass windows, but again, 2D.
Characteristics of Characteristics of Renaissance ArtRenaissance Art
Three Dimensional (3-D)
Realistic & LifelikeInfluenced by Greco-Roman culture; its forms and its themes (i.e. beauty of the human body)
New mediums: Oil on canvasAnd old: Frescos
The importance of religion in art
Leonardo Da VinciLeonardo Da Vinci• 1452-1519• Painter, scultor, studied geology, chemistry, and anatomy. Designed buildings, canals, weapons, and drew flying machines and engines
• Developed the “Renaissance Man” ideal– Successful in business, well-mannered, educated,
athletic, and brave
Renaissance ManRenaissance Man Could anyone in America be
considered a Renaissance Man?
Ben Franklin vs. Ben Franklin vs. Leonardo Da VinciLeonardo Da VinciDa Vinci
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5.
Compare/contrast the characteristics of the two figures. Are they both renaissance Men?
Franklin
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Leonardo Da Vinci’s Leonardo Da Vinci’s WorksWorks
Mona Lisa
La Scapigliata
The Last Supper
Gran Cavallo
MichelangeloMichelangelo
David
The Last Judgment Sistine Chapel
• Michelangelo Buonaroti (1475-1564) painted (the Sistine Chapel ceiling), sculptured (David), designed
• buildings, and wrote poetry
David
DonatelloDonatello
DavidSt. John
TitianTitian
1488-1576
Tiziano Vecelli or Vecellio, commonly known as Titian, was one of the greatest 16th century Renaissance painters of Venice, Italy
San Marco Square
Bacchus and Ariandne
RaphaelRaphael• Among his best known
frescoes in the Vatican is The School of Athens. Raphael continued to work on the rooms until 1513, under the reign of Leo X, but left the last sections almost entirely to his pupils.
• In the meantime he worked on other tasks, such as secular and sacred decorations for various buildings, portraits, altarpieces, cartoons for tapestries, designs for dishes and stage sceneries.
• Raphael also became chief architect of the new Saint Peter's Basilica (the construction of which began in 1506)
RaphaelRaphael School of Athens Galatea
St. Peter’s Cathedral in St. Peter’s Cathedral in the Vaticanthe Vatican
Home of the Catholic Church and the Pope
Designed by Michelangelo and Raphael- also served as architects
The Renaissance Moves The Renaissance Moves NorthNorth
Because of the plague, it was not until 1450 that northern Europe enjoyed the economic growth that helped support the Renaissance in Italy.
• Northern artists and writers imitated Italian styles while adding new methods and ideas of their own.
• As a result of the printing press, books became more available and people became more literate.
The Renaissance Moves The Renaissance Moves NorthNorth
• Northern Humanists stressed education and classical learning, however, unlike the Italian humanists, they emphasized religious themes.
• They believed that the revival should be used to bring about religious and moral reform.
Albretch DurerAlbretch Durer
1471-1578German painter,
mathematician, printmaker, and engraver.
Adoration of the Magi
Jan van EyckJan van Eyck
1394-1441Belgian painter
Giovanni Arnolfini and Bride
Renaissance WritersRenaissance Writers
Began to use the vernacular instead of classical Latin.– (vernacular = the native
language)
PetrarchPetrarch Considered the Father
of Humanism.• Believed God had
given man his intellect and potential to be used to the fullest.
• Wrote poetry in Italian and enumerable works in Latin on different subjects, but is best known for his Letters, which fill two volumes.
• These he wrote to his dead love, Laura who died from the plague
William William ShakespeareShakespeare
• The best known Renaissance writer was William Shakespeare.
• Between 1590 and 1613 he wrote 38 plays that are still performed around the world.
HamletTaming of the ShrewA Midsummer’s Night DreamRomeo and JulietMacBeth
DanteDante
The Divine Comedy
• tells the story of a man’s journey through heaven and hell.
Geoffrey ChaucerGeoffrey Chaucer The Canterbury
Tales
• Series of stories depicting the lives of whole social spectrum on a pilgrimage to the shrine of Beckett at the Canterbury Cathedral in England
BoccaccioBoccaccio Decameron
– Written in 1353, it is a collection of novellas (stories) that demonstrate life in the time and portrays many of the Renaissance attitudes.
Desiderius ErasmusDesiderius ErasmusA priest who wrote books,
including The Praise of Folly 1509, condemned ignorance and superstition. He believed education could lead to more perfect societies.
• He inspired his colleagues to study Greek and Hebrew so that they could understand older versions of the Bible.
• His writings also Christian humanist’s desire to reform Catholicism to eliminate abuse.
ErasmusErasmus The Handbook of the Christian
Knight
– A work of a Christian Humanist, The Handbook speaks clearly and logically to Christian concerning how their secular lives should reflect their spiritual life
In Praise of Folly
– Book in which Erasmus criticizes the areas of society that were in most need of reform, such as monasteries and church corruption.
– Protrayed the Pope as Folly, the Jester
MachiavelliMachiavelli Machiavelli was a political
philosopher.
• The Prince advised kings how to rule.
• In Machiavelli way of thinking: The end justifies the means.
– If it works, it is the "right" thing to do.
– Forget ideals; lie, cheat, even murder if you must. A stable state is needed.
The Prince First work of political science, instruction manual for the Prince to do what is necessary to stay in power and stability.
Sir Thomas MoreSir Thomas MoreServed in the court of Henry VIII
- only person considered to have virtue and allowed to remain Catholic - tried to persuade King Henry
to remain Catholic - eventually made a saint of
the Catholic Church Utopia
• a work of fiction, tells the story of a land that is almost perfect in every way and serves as an example of what the world should be.
The Printing The Printing RevolutionRevolution
In 1456, Johann Gutenberg printed the Bible using movable metal type on a machine called a printing press.
• Printed books became cheap and easier to produce that hand copies.
• Now, readers gained access to broad range of knowledge. (Medicine to Religion)
• The printing press would greatly contribute to the Protestant Reformation.
Think about the following and write your answer in a
paragraph• Why did the Renaissance begin in Italy?• What were the defining characteristics of
the Renaissance?• What were some of the common
characteristics of Renaissance?• art and how did it differ from medieval art?• What was the cultural impact of the
Renaissance on Europe and the rest of the world?