The Reformation, England and The Counter Reformation
Feb 22, 2016
The Reformation, England and The Counter Reformation
Why the Reformation began
• Corruption in the Catholic Church • Many had been executed or
excommunicated for speaking against the Church
Martin Luther and the 95 Theses• Martin Luther was a monk, 1483-
1546 o felt indulgences were wrong
• Luther wrote the 95 Thesis (95 arguments) against church pratices
• The 95 thesis said: o The church should be based on the Bibleo Priests are not needed to interpret the Bibleo Salvation was for all that believed in God (having faith)/faith
and good works were your way into heaven, no These were not radical ideas but they were widely circulated
and a break from the catholic church was a radical idea
Europe’s Response
• The 95 thesis was copied• Luther was
excommunicated• told him to take back what
he had said-RECANT• Lutheranism
Who supported Luther and why?
• Many German princes supported Luthero Most b/c of faith; many out of selfishnesso Some German princes didn’t like the power the
church hado However, some Germ princes were still
Catholic
War insued between German Princes. supports of Luther were called protestantsthe 30 years war
Peace of Ausgburg end's the 30 years warPeace of Ausgburg said that each prince could choose the religion of their kingdom
After Luther
• War spread to other countries• millions on both sides were murdered
What did people believe?
• Only members of thier faith went to heaven.• Each tried to convert others in order to
save their souls from Hell.• Hell was a place of everlasting tourture...
Source A
Source B
Source C
Who has been sent to Hell in this Source?
Why were there mass murders of both Catholics & Protestants? save peoples’ souls by getting them to change religion through torture.
However
Both were prepared to die for their beliefs
France Huguenots vs. CatholicsEditc of Nantes allowed Huguenots to worship freely in FranceSt. Bartholomew massacre
England’s Reformation
The Story of Henry VIII
• Henry was the (unexpected) King of England from 1509-1547
• Born and raised Catholic• married his brother’s widow: Catherine of
Aragron
Henry VIII
Catherine of Aragonthey were married over 20 years Catherine had 1 surviving daugther Mary I
Anne Boleyn (2nd wife)
Became pregnant while Henry was married to Cathrine
• Henry wanted an annulment• The pope said no• Henry splits from the Catholic church and
create the Church of England, which he was the head
• gave himself an annulment and married Boleyn
The Act of Supremacyrefusal to accept Henry as head of the Church = execution
• Thomas More 1478-1535 did not attend the coronation of the new queen and he was
executed • Last words. “first the lord then the king”
Boleyn
• Boleyn produced no sons, but a daughter: Elizabeth I
• He had this marriage annulled and accused of adultery: she was beheaded
• Henry married Jane Seymour: they had a son (Edward VI) but she died 3 days after birth
Jane Seymour (3rd Wife)
And the list goes on
Anne of Cleves (divorced),Catherine of Howard (beheaded)Catherine Parr (survives)
Anne of Cleves (4th wife)
Kathryn Howard (5th wife)
Katherine Parr (6th wife)
Mary I – bloody Mary
Mary tried to make England Catholic • She died at an early age had no children
Mary I
Mary I
Edward VI
• King of England from 1547-1553
Edward VI
Elizabeth I
• Daughter of Anne Boleyn, queen from 1558-1603
• One of the greatest queens in English history, never married
Elizabeth I
Elizabeth I
The Counter Reformation
the catholic church reforms• The Jesuits, founded by Ignatius of
Loyola, started schools and prohibit corruption in the Church
Other Protestant Faiths
• Calvinism-founded by John Calvin• Major difference between Calvin and Luther
are ideas on Predestination
Anabaptist
• Labeled Radicals by other protestants o Adult baptismo Early Christian beliefso All Christians are ministerso Complete separation of Church and Stateo No political office or bear armso Mennonites-Amish