The Reformation and National Power 1500-1800

The Reformation and National Power1500-1800

Section 1: The Catholic Church Lost Power

Key Terms

1. Great Schism2. Indulgences3. Boniface VIII4. 95 Theses (Pg. 386/389)5. Act of Supremacy6. Elizabeth I7. Counter Reformation8. Hapsburg9. Edict of Nantes10. Absolute Monarch11. Cardinal Richelieu12. Versailles (Pg. 399)13. Prussia14. Romanov (Pg. 402)15. Hohenzollerns

Teaching Objective Explain reasons for the decline of the

Catholic Church. Distinguish between the teachings of Luther and

Calvin. Define the meaning of the Counter Reformation. Identify the political and military effects of the

Reformation. Explain the advantages/disadvantages of Absolutism. Provide examples of absolute monarchy in eastern

Europe.

Power politics affected the Church.

Becomes involved in politics More powerful than the king or

emperor Pope Boniface VIII (1294-1303)

Versus King Philip IV of France (1285-

1314) Great Schism 1378-1417

Split the papacy

Church seen as a secular state

Secular—complete separation of church and state Power politics Material wealth

Greed and Corruption Indulgences—documents

The Reformation and National Power1500-1800

Section 2: The Reformation Divided Europe

Germany Was the Natural Place for the Reformation to Begin

Deep and serious feelings

Independent states that resisted control

Martin Luther

Anabaptists—3rd Branch

Characteristics of the Anabaptists

Thomas Munster was one of the founders of the Anabaptist movement.

Fourth Branch of the Protestant Reformation

Pages 392-394

Teaching Objectives

Discuss the fourth branch of the reformation Describe the Counter Reformation and the

widespread effects of both the Reformation and the Counter Reformation

The Fourth Branch of the Reformation

The Tudors England breaks with Rome King Henry VIII

Catherine of Aragon Mary

Anne Boleyn Elizabeth I

Act of Supremacy

The Anglican Church

Henry VIII Jane Seymour (#3)

Edward VI Bloody Mary

Persecution of Protestants

Elizabeth I Creates the Anglican

Church

The Puritans and the Irish disagree with the Church of England

The Puritans object the Church of England

The Irish rebelScottish vs. Irish still exists!

The Counter Reformation

The Roman Catholic Church tries to win people back

Jesuit Order Ignatius Loyola

Council of Trent Bans the abuse of the

selling of indulgences and simony

Widespread Effects

Spread the ideas of democracy and representative government

Encouraged education Aid religious tolerance

and freedom

True or False?

Since Germans were not religious, Germany seemed an unlikely place to begin.

True or False?

Luther believed that human beings could be saved only by faith.

True or False?

Luther’s Ninety-five Theses condemned the sale of indulgences by the Church.

True or False?

Luther’s translation of the Bible into German brought both religious and cultural changes to Germany.

True or False?

The end of the civil wars in Germany in 1555 brought Protestants and Catholics closer together.

True or False?

The Lutheran Church was the only Protestant religion in Europe during the 16th century.

True or False?

Calvinism taught that each individual must earn salvation by doing good works.

True or False?

Elizabeth I fought to restore Catholicism to England.

True or False?

Henry VIII of England became head of the Anglican Church but recognized the pope’s authority over him.

True or False?

Anabaptists were pacifists who believed they owed allegiance only to God.

The Reformation and National Power1500-1800

Section 3: Religious Differences Mixed With Political Conflicts

The Hapsburgs Split the Empire Charles V

Philip II—Spain Ferdinand I—HRE

Philip II was a devout Catholic Crush Protestants The Inquisition Military used to spread

Catholicism

Mary I—Bloody Mary

Mary I takes over after Edward the VI dies of tuberculosis

Catholic Marries Philip II Bloody Mary—400

clergy executed Dies of cancer

Elizabeth I Mary’s half sister Philip II asks for her hand in

marriage English sea captains pirated

ships Helped the protestants in

the Netherlands Defeats the Armada

Free and Protestant Important naval power

Civil War in France

Huguenots vs. Catholics Catherine de Medici—regent

for her sons Catholic

Bourbon Family Southern France Protestant

St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre—10,000 people

Dies of pneumonia 1589

Henry of Navarre becomes King Henry IV

Converted to Catholicism Edict of Nantes

Protect the liberties of the Huguenots

Allowed them to hold public office

First to permit more than one religion in the country

The Bourbons Take Over

The Reformation and National Power1500-1800

Section 4: France Becomes Europe’s Leading Power

Absolutism Monarchs had complete

control over nation All laws & courts Collect / Spend taxes Control Army

Economy: Commerce & cities important, middle class economic and political importance = $$$ = Success

Louis XIV = Absolute Leader of France

The Reformation and National Power1500-1800

Section 5: Absolutist Monarchies Arose in Central and Eastern Europe

Eastern Europe Absolutism

Economy: Few cities existed, Church owned large amounts of land, medieval system of controlling land/labor = Success

“the Greats” Comes with a price… Treated people poorly War important