The Reformation

The ReformationMr. WilliamsonSomerville HS

An IntroductionAs wealth/influence of Catholic Church

grew, examples of financial/power abuse, immorality grew as well

Public’s view of CLERGY (priests, monks) weakens

Heavy taxation on poor/middle class to pay Renaissance artists (Michelangelo, etc.) causes discontent

An IntroductionIn order to raise $ to build Saint

Peter’s Basilica, Pope Leo X approved the sale of INDULGENCES

◦Pardon/Amnesty issued by the pope that people could buy to reduce a soul’s time in purgatory

In the Catholic faith, purgatory is where a soul goes to work off the “sins” they committed

An IntroductionPeople now become more devoted to

their “nation” vs. the church.◦Were citizens of a government

Popes lead lavish lives, increased fees for marriages, baptisms

Presence of the printing press starts to spread literature throughout Europe◦Humanist ideas, education, social reform

People start to question the Church!

Reformation Review – p. 450 (top) in textWhat are the factors that set the stage

for change in the Catholic Church?1.2.3.4.5.67.8.9.

Partner ChallengeImagine you and your partner are store

owners who attend religious services regularly, donates money/clothing to the Church.

You are fed up with how the Church is conducting business and see the corruption first hand.

Compose a letter (Dear…) to the church summarizing your unhappiness with how the church is moving forward. Name at least 4 specific items that you are upset with and how they are ruining your view of the church.

2 Paragraphs total, letter format please!

Martin Luther steps inMartin Luther – German monk,

professor of theology (study of religion)

1517 – Protests against the church, spreads into a full scale revolt

Saw the church as corrupt/needed immediate change

In Wittenberg, Germany he posts his arguments against the church, known as the “95 Theses”

His Argument“95 Theses” – argued against

indulgences

“95 Theses” spreads quickly given the new technology of the printing press

Church demanded he give up on his views, he refused

1521 – Pope Leo X excommunicated/expelled Luther, declared an outlaw

His ArgumentMany accepted his views/teachings

and rejected the authority of the pope

His teachings – Main Themes◦All have equal access to God through

faith/bible◦Wanted schools so children could read

the bible◦Banned confession, indulgences,

prayers to saints◦Permitted the clergy to marry

Martin Luther Video PresentationEnvironment: Describe the landscape they

see in the film clips

Activities: What activities were popular in that location as described in the film?

Social Issues: What were the issues important in each community at the time Luther was a resident?

Effect on Luther: After seeing and hearing about each location, explain how that location affected Luther's ideas and attitudes.

95 Theses ActivityUsing your partner, knowledge of Martin Luther

and your SHS student handbook, create a list of your “10 Theses”

You will use the student handbook to brainstorm a minimum of 10 grievances (15 maximum) you have with school administration/district

You will have 20 minutes to create/rank your grievances then conduct a short oral presentation from your seats explaining your conclusions

You will submit your grievances for a project grade, good luck!

His Ideas SpreadLutherans – Martin Luther’s followersNew name – Protestant after they

protested papal authority

Edict of Worms – 1521, official split between Catholics/Lutherans

Lutheranism in Germany spreads

Reformation SpreadsSwitzerland – Ulrich Zwingli, began

preaching ideas similar to Luther◦However, his reforms went further than

Luther’s

Ideas on religion viewed as radicalSupported a theocracy

◦Gov’t in which state/religion are joined and officials are religiously inspired

Reformation SpreadsJohn Calvin – born in France, trained as a

priest and lawyer, influenced by Renaissance humanists

Preached Predestination◦ Idea that God had long ago determined who

would gain “salvation”

Took root in city of Geneva, Switzerland, theocratic government

Calvinism viewed people as sinful, very strict laws on people’s behavior, church attendance is mandatory

Reformation SpreadsVenn Diagram Review

Using notes and p. 452 in text, complete the Venn Diagram by comparing/contrasting Ulrich Zwingli and John Calvin.

The goal is to have 4-5 items in each zone.

Complete with your partner, you have 7 minutes. We will review as a class.

English ReformationKing Henry VIII – sought an

annulment (cancel) his marriage since divorce was not allowed in the Catholic Church

His request was denied by the pope and decides to break away from the church

English church is now under Henry’s rule, he executes individuals resistant to change (Catholics)

English ReformationHenry orders all Catholic churches,

convents to close

Their land, wealth was taken

Secured support from nobles to start the Anglican Church (Church of England)◦Rejected most Protestant doctrines◦Much of his religion was based on

Catholic forms of worship

English ReformationBattle between Catholics and Protestants

went on for years until Queen Elizabeth created a compromise for both

Acceptable middle ground for Protestants/Catholics

Allowed English instead of Latin

Accepted moderate Protestant doctrines

Largely ended decades of religious turmoil

Counter-ReformationReform movement within the

Catholic church led by Pope Paul III

Done in response to Protestantism◦Wanted to revive moral authority◦Stop the spread of Protestantism◦End corruption

JesuitsPope recognizes a new order, Society

of Jesus or Jesuits

Founded by Ignatius of Loyola, focused on:◦Spiritual/moral discipline◦Absolute obedience to the church◦Concentrated on education by establishing

missions, schools and universities◦Job was to spread the faith around the

world/ regain ground against Protestantism

Council of Trent1545-1563 – Pope Paul III called a meeting

to examine Protestant challenges/clarify Catholic teachings

Representatives addressed corruption, training of priests, removed sale of indulgences

Rejected Protestant beliefs/argued that church could provide salvation through practices

Catholics now have renewed energy/confidence