UNDERSTANDING A MEME REFERENCE BY PERSONAL WORLD KNOWLEDGE UNDERSTANDING A MEME REFERENCE BY FICTION KNOWLEDGE UNDERSTANDING A MEME REFERENCE BY REAL EVENTS KNOWLEDGE KREIDLER, C. W. Introducing English Semancs. London: Routledge, 1998. HURFORD, J., HEASLEY, B. & SMITH, M. Semancs: a coursebook. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007. UNDERSTANDING A MEME REFERENCE BY INTERNET VIRAL KNOWLEDGE Reference When we talk about Reference we are going to establish a relaonship between language and something in the real World. English Expression + The Real Thing Referring Expression Whenever a speaker has a parcular individual in mind in order to refer, it’s going to be a RE. English Expression + Parcular Individual