The PURE Study An overview from India Non Cardiovascular Data.

The PURE StudyAn overview from India

Non Cardiovascular Data

COPD (FEV1/FVC <75%)

Male Female

Overall Urban Rural Urban Rural

COPD 13.3% 10.3% 15.5% 11.8% 14.6%

Percentage of Individuals with FEV1/FVC <0.75 by location and smoker*

Urban Rural

Overall Non-Smoker

Smoker Non-Smoker

Smoker

Bangalore 15.3 10.5 10.3 16.4 20.7

*Current and former

Overall Prevalence of COPD (FEV1/FVC <0.75) by Smoking status, Gender, Cooking Fuel

Variable Category Adjusted rate P Values

Smoking Status Not Smoker 11.4 0.163

Smoker 13.0

Cooking Fuel Other 10.5 0.011

Solid Fuel 14.1

Gender Female 13.4 0.055

Male 11.1

Location Rural 13.5 0.091

Urban 11.0

Female smoking status Not smoker 13.5 0.849

Smoker 13.1

Male smoking status Not smoker 9.6 0.0007

Smoker 12.8

Adjusted for age, smoking, cooking fuel & gender

Overall Prevalence of COPD (FEV1/FVC <0.75) by Location, Smoking status, Gender, Cooking Fuel

Variable Category Adjusted rate

P Values

Smoking Status Not Smoker

11.7 0.216

Smoker 13.1

Cooking Fuel Kerosene 15.7 ****

LPG Gas 9.8

Other 10.9

Solid Fuel 14.0

Gender Female 13.5 0.079

Male 11.5

Location Rural 13.8 0.089

Urban 11.1

Female smoking status

Not smoker

13.8 0.801

Smoker 13.2

Male smoking status

Not smoker

9.9 0.001

Smoker 13.0

Adjusted for age, smoking, cooking fuel & gender

**** P values

Kerosene/ LPG Gas – 0.005

Kerosene/ Other – 0.292

Kerosene/ Solid Fuel – 0.544

LPG Gas/ Other – 0.741

LPG Gas/ Solid Fuel – 0.005

Other/ Solid Fuel 0.404

Overall Prevalence of Cough for 2 Weeks by Location, Smoking status, Gender, Cooking Fuel

Adjusted for age, smoking, cooking fuel, location & gender

Variable Category Adjusted rate P Values

Smoking Status Not Smoker 9.8 0.030

Smoker 12.1

Gender Female 10.1 0.117

Male 11.7

Location Rural 9.1 0.001

Urban 13.0

Cooking Fuel Other 9.1 0.000

Solid Fuel 13.1

Female smoking status Not smoker 11.3 0.216

Smoker 9.1

Male smoking status Not smoker 8.6 <.000

Smoker 15.8

Overall Prevalence of Sputum in Cough by Location, Smoking status, Gender, Cooking Fuel

Adjusted for age, smoking, cooking fuel, location & gender

Variable Category Adjusted rate P Values

Smoking Status Not Smoker 10.9 0.233

Smoker 12.3

Gender Female 9.5 <.000

Male 14.3

Location Rural 7.7 <.000

Urban 17.2

Cooking Fuel Other 9.9 0.003

Solid Fuel 13.6

Female smoking status Not smoker 10.9 0.120

Smoker 8.1

Male smoking status Not smoker 10.9 <.000

Smoker 18.3

Overall Prevalence of Blood in Sputum by Location, Smoking status, Gender, Cooking Fuel

Adjusted for age, smoking, cooking fuel, location & gender

Variable Category Adjusted rate P Values

Smoking Status Not Smoker 0.9 0.686

Smoker 1.0

Gender Female 0.9 0.566

Male 1.0

Location Rural 0.6 0.018

Urban 1.5

Cooking Fuel Other 0.5 0.002

Solid Fuel 1.7

Female smoking status Not smoker 1.1 0.495

Smoker 0.7

Male smoking status Not smoker 0.7 0.013

Smoker 1.5

Overall Prevalence of Wheezing/Whistling by Location, Smoking status, Gender, Cooking Fuel

Adjusted for age, smoking, cooking fuel, location & gender

Variable Category Adjusted rate P Values

Smoking Status Not Smoker 6.9 0.696

Smoker 6.6

Gender Female 5.9 0.031

Male 7.8

Location Rural 5.9 0.055

Urban 7.8

Cooking Fuel Other 5.8 0.021

Solid Fuel 7.9

Female smoking status Not smoker 7.5 0.046

Smoker 4.7

Male smoking status Not smoker 6.5 0.000

Smoker 9.3

Overall Prevalence of Morning Cough with tightness by Location, Smoking status, Gender, Cooking Fuel

Adjusted for age, smoking, cooking fuel, location & gender

Variable Category Adjusted rate P Values

Smoking Status Not Smoker 5.2 0.003

Smoker 7.2

Gender Female 5.8 0.410

Male 6.4

Location Rural 5.9 0.789

Urban 6.2

Cooking Fuel Other 4.4 <.000

Solid Fuel 8.4

Female smoking status Not smoker 5.7 0.882

Smoker 5.9

Male smoking status Not smoker 4.6 <.000

Smoker 8.8

Medical history by location and gender (%)Male Female

Overall Urban Rural Urban Rural

Diabetes 9.3 19.2 5.1 12.7 4.4

Hypertension 13.4 19.5 7.1 21.6 9.4

Stroke 0.7 1 0.7 1 0.3

Angina 1.5 3.1 1.4 1.4 0.7

Other heart disease 1.6 1.7 1.5 2.1 1.3

Tuberculosis 1.4 1.5 2 0.7 1.4

Cancer 0.3 - 0.2 0.5 0.3

Asthma 4.5 5.1 4.5 5.5 3.6

Epilepsy 0.7 1 0.9 0.5 0.6

Leprosy 1.5 - 3.5 - 1.5

Other 11.3 10.1 12.3 11.5 11.1

Sleep patterns and conditions: (%)

Male Female

Overall Urban Rural Urban Rural

Blackouts 14.2 7.3 12.1 17.2 18.3

Sleep undisturbed 57.2 58.1 57.4 57.5 56.1

Snore 25.9 37.3 28.7 25.6 16.4

Complain about loud snoring

32.1 47.6 36.1 31.7 19.1

Get up feeling rested 59.8 66.2 60.6 59.4 55.4

Nap during day 32.7 29.9 29.6 51.9 23.7

Major Stressful Events in Past Year (%)

Male Female

Overall Urban Rural Urban Rural

Loss of crop/business 27.8 7 47.6 5.7 38.6

Loss of job 11.4 5 17.4 5 14.5

Retirement 3.8 2.6 5.9 1.5 4.1

Intra-family conflict 8.3 7.6 4.8 14 7.8

Death of spouse 1.2 0.4 0.8 1.5 1.9

Death other family member

11.2 13.4 10 13.4 9.4

Family illness 6.5 8.6 4.1 9.8 4.9

Personal injury 7.5 8.4 5.2 11.9 6

Stressful Events and Depression (%)

Male Female

Overall Urban Rural Urban Rural

> 1 Stressful event 19.9 12.8 25.3 15.3 22.6

Depressed 21.3 21.4 14 32.3 19.8

Fractures and Injuries (%)

Male Female

Overall Urban Rural Urban Rural

Fracture All centres 12.2 19.5 11.7 12.2 8.1

Bangalore 9.8 18.7 10.5 7.9 5

Chennai 13.2 21.5 18.7 10.1 6.9

Jaipur 16.1 21 6.3 21 5.5

Trivandrum 17.8 16.8 18.2 11.8 19.7

Injuries All centres 3.8 5.5 3.7 4 2.6

Bangalore 3.3 5.6 3.4 2.8 2

Chennai 6.2 9.1 5.6 5.8 4.8

Jaipur 3.3 4.2 1.2 4.2 2

Trivandrum 3.8 1 6 3.2 3.6

Cause of Injury by location and gender (%)

Male Female

Overall Urban Rural Urban Rural

Vehicle accident 19.2 32.6 17.9 15.9 6.7

Fall 36 23.9 38.1 38.9 46.2

Fire 1.2 - 1.5 1.8 1.9

Struck 13.1 11.6 12.7 15 13.5

Physical assault 1.8 1.4 3.7 0.9 1

Explosion 0.6 1.4 - 0.9 -

Drowning 1.2 1.4 1.5 - 1.9

Natural 0.8 - 1.5 - 1.9

Cause of Injury by location and gender (%)

Male Female

Overall Urban Rural Urban Rural

Suffocation 0.8 0.7 - - 2.9

Hot substances 1.6 - - 2.7 4.8

Machine 1.4 1.4 3 - 1

Unlabeled 1 1.4 1.5 0.9 -

Poison 0.2 - 0.7 - -

Suicide - - - - -

Other 6.1 6.5 7.5 3.5 6.7

Woman’s Health(1)

Urban Rural

Menstruation 50.5% 49.9%

Tubal Ligation 46.9% 49.9%

IUD 8.8% 2.4%

Oral Contraceptive

3.7% 1.5%

Have Children 95.9% 94.7%

Miscarriages 28.2% 23.6%

Woman’s Health(2)Female

Urban Rural

Had Miscarriages

All Centers 28.2% 23.6%

Bangalore 21.3% 19.9%

Chennai 32.3% 26.1%

Jaipur 34.6% 28.1%

Trivandrum 28.0% 31.2%

Chandigarh 31.6% 15.4%