The Protists Chapter 19.1 page 502 - 525

The Protists Chapter 19.1page 502 - 525

The Fungi Chapter 20Page 528 - 547

10. (503) What is a protist?

Kingdom Protista:

• Most diverse kingdom

• Unicellular

• Many multicellular

• Microscopic

• Very large

• Some make own food, some don’t

1) What then, do all protists have in common?

They are all ____________

• membrane bound organelles• Nucleus

(503) Protozoan

• A ______________ is a unicellular animal.– Moist environments– Very diverse group– All feed on other organism (dead or alive)

They are therefore _______________.

• Four Diverse Groups– Amoebas (have pseudopodia) (504)– Flagellates (have flagella) (506)– Ciliates (have cilia) (506)– Sporozoans (parasites) (508)

Amoeba (504)

14,17. Moves by sending out extensions of plasma membrane to move and feed (505) (504)

• These extensions are called ___________.

• Do not have a cell wall (504)

• To feed, the pseudopodia surrounds the food

(504)Video: amoeba

Amoeba

• Amoebas can remove excessive water with little pumps called ___________ ________ (505)

• Found in moist environments (504) (505)

• Amoebas found in the sea are part of the ______

• Plankton is assortment of organism that float in oceans and form base of the ocean’s food chain.

• Radiolarians are an important part of plankton too. (505)

• Most amoebas reproduce by ________________

(505)

Flagellates (505)• Get their name because they are protists with one or more ____________. (506)•Flagella allow for the protist to move about. (506)•Some flagellates are parasites, causing diseases like sleeping sickness. (506)•Some protozoa are found in the guts of termites and will digest cellulose as food.(506)

Video- dinoflagellates

Ciliate (506)15,16. What are ciliates?

• Contain _________, hair-like projections to move from place to place (507)

• Paramecia are one of the largest unicellular organisms. (507)

• Use cilia, oral groove, gullet and food vacuole for digestion.

(507)

(504)

Paramecium

Stentor

(507)

• Paramecia reproduce asexually and sexually by _____________. In this process paramecia join and exchange genetic material.

• Also paramecia divide through asexual reproduction, by dividing into two identical daughter cells.

(508)

Sporozoans (508)• Most of the Protist are in the group

Sporozoans, which produce __________. (508)

• Spores is a reproductive cell with a hard outer coat that produces a new organism without fertilization. (508) (508) (509)

• All are __________

• This is the life cycle of malaria,

a disease caused by a Sporozoans

through life cycle of a Mosquito.

Algae: Plantlike Protist 19.2What are algae?

• Protists that photosynthesize are algae. (510)• Use of chlorophyll to trap energy from sun. (510)• Up to 4 kinds of chlorophyll w/ various pigments.

(variety of colors in algae) (510)• Can be unicellular or multicellular. (510)

7. Photosynthesizing algae are called ________________ (510)

Diversity of Algae (511)• Six phyla of algae (511)• Three of phyla (euglenoids, diatoms & dinoflagellates)

are unicellular (511)

Euglenoids (511)

What are euglenoids? (511)

• Have both plant and animal characteristics.

• Contain chlorophyll & photosynthesize but don’t have cellulose or cell wall

• Can take in food similar to protozoans

• Have one or more flagella to move toward food or light

videos

(511)

9. Diatoms: The golden algae (512)

• Unicellular photosynthesizing organisms

• Make up a large part of phytoplankton in fresh and salt water ecosystems

• Shells made of silica with two parts

• Contain chlorophyll and carotenoid (golden-yellow color)

• Oil in diatoms helps

diatoms float on surface

Dinoflagellates (513)

13. Have two (2) flagella located in grooves.

13. Cell spins slowly as flagella beat.• Phytoplankton in salt water.

8.Cause _________ , that kill fish, and shellfish.

(513)

28-12-Dinoflagellate-B.lnk

Red Tide

Red Algae (514)The next three phyla of algae has to do with their

color: red, brown, and green algae.

• Red algae Red algae are seaweeds. The body of the seaweed is called a ___________. Seaweeds lack roots, stems, and leaves.

• Red algae can survive deep water because light is absorbed in the green, violet

and blue pigments. Red is the

part of light spectrum that can

penetrate deep water

(below 100m)

Brown Algae (514)• Brown algae Brown algae are found in cool ocean water.

• Many have ____________ that keep bodies floating near the surface.

• The largest of the brown algae are _________

• Kelp forest are ecosystems.

Kelp (multicellular seaweed) (514)

Looks like plants but is not; no roots, stems or leavesHas hold fasts to attach to rock

Green algae reproduction (515)

• Reproduce sexually and asexually

• Individual organism breaks into pieces and each piece forms a new organism. This type of reproduction is called ___________.

• Life cycles that alternate between individuals that produce spores and individuals that produce gametes are called _____________

• Alternates between haploid and _________.

Forms sex cells Forms body cells

(516)

Alternation of generationsAlternation of generations

Chapter 20

Mature Cell

+

-

Zygote

Diploid

Zoospores

Meiosis

Haploid

Asexual Reproduction

Sexual Reproduction

What is a fungus? Chapter 20(529)

Characteristics of Fungi:

• Are everywhere

• Grow best in moist, warm environments

4. Have cell walls but not of ___________, like plants. Cell walls of ____________.

(513)

What is the structure of fungi?

33. Most are multicellular and have long threadlike filaments called _________ (530)

• Hyphae grow from __________. (530)

• As hyphae grow they form an network of filaments called a _______________. (530)

How do fungi get food?(531)

Fungi can not make their own food, they are

• Food is digested ___________ the fungus’s cells and then food is absorbed.

• By digestive ___________

• Enzymes break down large food molecules into small food molecules

• Small food molecules move into the hyphae. (by Osmosis)

Reproduction in Fungi

• Asexual reproduction by pieces of mycelium breaking off: ______________

• Another asexual in which a new individual pinches off from the parent is __________

Basidiomycotes

• Mushrooms, puffballs, stinkhorns, bird’s nests fungi, rust, smut, and bracket fungi.

Basidiomycotes• Basidiomycotes have ______ - shaped hyphae

called __________.

• The spores that are produced are ________________

Mutualism: Mycorrhizae and Lichens

6. Mutualism: a symbiotic relationship that benefit both species

3. A fungus that has a symbiotic relationship a plant and its roots is ______________

5. Fine, threadlike hyphae grow around the plant’s roots without harming the plant. The hyphae maintain water around roots. The fungus receives organic nutrients from the plant.

2. A _________ is a symbiotic association between a fungus and _____________.

• The fungus portion forms a dense web of hyphae, the algae grows inside the web.

• The algae provides food for both organisms, the fungus protects the algae from changes in the environment.

• Often first to colonize an area in primary succession.

Mutualism: Mycorrhizae and Lichens