Theodore Roosevelt William Howard Taft Woodrow Wilson
Jul 17, 2015
After McKinley’s assassination◦ “Now look, that
damned cowboy is president.”—Mark Hanna
Inaugurated at age 42, youngest president ever
NYC Police Commissioner, 1895-1897◦ Friend of Jacob Riis
Assistant Secretary of the Navy, 1897-1898
Spanish-American War, 1898◦ Roosevelt’s Rough Riders
Governor of New York, 1899-1900◦ Too progressive for many Republicans
Vice President, 1901
26th President, 1901-1909
Delivered a 20K word address to Congress asking it to curb the power of big corporations◦ Known as a “trust-
buster”◦ Brought 40+ anti-trust
suits to court Included biggest RR at
the time & Standard Oil Co. Standard Oil had to pay a
$29 million fine
One month in to office he invited Booker T. Washington to dinner at the White House◦ 1st time an African
American had been invited to the WH
◦ Outraged some white southerners
Phrase used as early as 1902; became slogan for re-election in 1904
Domestic program, 3 basic ideas:◦ 1. Conservation of natural resources
◦ 2. Control of corporations
◦ 3. Consumer protection
Newlands Reclamation Act, 1902◦ 21 federal irrigation
projects
National Forest Service est. in 1905
Created 5 Nat’l Parks & 18 Nat’l Monuments
148 million additional acres of forest put under federal protection
The Department of Commerce & Labor was created in 1903Elkins Act◦ Stopped practice of
RRs giving cheaper rates to favored companies
Hepburn Act◦ Strengthened ICC
Able to take on unfair practices used by RRs
Arbitration in Pennsylvania United Mine Workers strike◦ Ended strike
◦ Higher pay & fewer hours for workers
Worker’s Comp. for many federal employees in 1908
Was Roosevelt’s Secretary of War
Expected to carry on many of Teddy Roosevelt’s reforms
Set his own agenda
Filed twice as many anti-trust suits (than T. Roosevelt)
Mann-Elkins Act◦ Allowed ICC to regulate
telephone & telegraph companies
Payne Aldrich Tariff◦ Frustrated Progressives
◦ Raised rates on print paper
Est. Department of Labor & Federal Children’s Bureau
Mine safety laws
8 hour workday for Railroad workers
More progressive than TR?????
But some missteps◦ Esp. firing of Gifford
Pinchot from Forestry Service Close friend of TR
◦ Reversal on tariff reform split the GOP
Gets less recognition though?
Only one term
Election of 1912
Later Chief Justice of SC
TR goes for the GOP nomination but loses
to Taft
TR forms the Progressive Party “Bull
Moose”
Woodrow Wilson wins the Democratic
nomination on the 46th ballot VP - WJB
- President of Princeton
- Governor of New Jersey
Took advantage of split in Republican party
Promised New Freedom – place strict controls on businesses
Underwood Tariff Act◦ Cut rates from 40% to 27%
Federal Reserve Act◦ Central banking system◦ Stabilized inflation
Clayton Anti-Trust Act◦ Exempted unions from anti-
trust laws◦ Limited injunctions
Federal Trade Commission◦ Promotes consumer
protection
Federal Farm Loan Act
Adamson Act◦ 8 hour work day for interstate RR workers
Federal Workmen’s Compensation Act◦ Compensation for wages missed due to work-
related injuries
Keating-Owen Child Labor Act◦ Short-lived, but prohibited sale of goods produced
by factories that employed children under the age of 14