The Progressive Era Chapter 9 Section 2 Mrs. Ferrell.

The Progressive Era

Chapter 9 Section 2

Mrs. Ferrell

A Woman’s Job is never done!

Farmers, Industrial workers, and domestic workers. Plow, raise livestock, and raise children. 1 out 5 American women held jobs

25% of them in manufacturing

Jobs in stores, classrooms, and offices. These jobs required a High school education.

Clean for other families.

In 1870 nearly 70% of women employed were servants.

Women and Education

Vassar College—8 men and 22 women—accepted first students in 1865.

Smith and Wellesly Colleges founded in 1875.

Separate college for women. By the late 19th century women had other

options beside marriage. Women begin to focus on social reform.

Acronyms

NACW—National Association of Colored Women. Managed nurseries, reading rooms, and kindergartens.

NAWSA—National American Woman Suffrage Association. Liquor industry feared that women would vote in

support of prohibition. Textile industry feared they would vote against child

labor. Men just feared the changing role of women.

Susan B. Anthony

Proponent leader during the women’s suffrage movement.

“I’ll sooner cut off my right hand than ask the ballot for the black man and not for women.”

Along with Cady Staton founded the National Women Suffrage Association.

3-Part Strategy

Grant WOMEN the right to vote

Pursued court cases to test the 14th Amendment—declared that states denying their male citizens the right to vote. Susan B. Anthony attempted to vote! In 1875 Supreme Court ruled women are citizens too!

National Constitutional Amendment to grant women the right to vote.

All of these reforms were supported by Teddy Roosevelt.

Teddy Roosevelt

President 1901 Boxer Wrestled Horse back rider Served 3 years in the

New York State Assembly

Asst. Secretary of the U.S. Navy

Teddy Roosevelt

Rough Riders Battle at San Juan Hill

in Cuba. Returned a hero Elected Governor of

New York. Later won Vice-

President

Modern Presidency

Used his popularity to advance his programs. Leadership and publicity campaign’s shape the way

for future presidents. It is the federal governments responsibility to take

control when the states proved to be incapable of dealing with problems.

“bully pulpit”—influence the media and shape legislation.

If you were taken advantage of by big business, Roosevelt made sure you got a Square Deal. Various progressive reforms offered by is administration.

Trustbusting

Powerful people owned the big businesses and had a lot of political power. Higher prices for their products due to no

competition. Filed 44 suits under the Sherman Anti-Trust

Act. Won several of these cases. Unable to slow the merger movement in

business.

1902 Coal Strike

140,000 workers on strike in Pennsylvania. 20% raise 9 hour workday Union Roosevelt intervenes calling both sides to the White

House. Arbitration Commission—3rd party that would work for

both sides to mediate the dispute. Miners win 10% pay increase, 9 hour workday. All workers must belong to the Union. When a strike threatened the public welfare the

federal government was to step in.

Meat Inspection Act

1906 Roosevelt pushed for the Meat Inspection Act which dictated strict cleanliness requirements for meatpackers and created the program of federal meat inspection.

Pure Food and Drug Act

1906 Stopped the sale of

contaminated foods and medicines and called for truth in labeling.

Given accurate information people would act wisely.

Civil Rights

Failed to support civil rights for AA.

Did support some individual AA’s.

Booker T. Washington was invited to the White House.

Blamed black poverty on blacks and urged them to accept discrimination.

NAACP

W.E.B. Du Bois along with other AA and whites formed the NAACP in 1909.

Fight injustice and inequality among AA.

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.

Over 6,000 by 1914. Full equality among the

races. Little support during the

Progressive Movement.

William Howard Taft

Ran against William Jennings Bryan.

“Vote for Taft this time, you can vote for Bryan any time.”

Republican Did not want to expand

Roosevelt’s reforms. Didn’t want to use

presidential bully tactics. Tariffs and Conservation

posed as his first problems.

Payne-Aldrich Tariff

Campaign lowering tariffs.

Compromise that only moderated the high rates of the Aldrich Bill.

“The best tariff bill the Republican party ever passed.”

Disputing Public Lands

Sec. Of interior Richard A. Ballinger

Disapproved of conservationist controls on western land. 1 million acres removed of forest and mining lands and returned back to the public domain.

Bull Moose Party

Est. 1912 Progressive Party “Strong as a bull

Moose”—Roosevelt Advocated women

suffrage, workmen’s comp, 8 hour workday, minimum wage for women, laws against child labor, trade commission to regulate business.

Woodrow Wilson

End to Capitalism. Small business and free

market competition. Monopolies are evil!! 42% of popular vote, won

the electoral victory and a Democratic majority in Congress.

3 party candidate, Wilson beat Taft in the popular vote and electoral votes.

Break-up trust and expand the government role in social reform.

Wilson

Supported workmen’s comp and the regulation of public utilities and railroads.

“New Freedom” Triple wall of privilege:

Trust Tariffs High Finance

Antitrust Measures

Clayton Antitrust Act—1914; prohibited corporations from acquiring the stock of another if doing so would create a monopoly. Strikes, peaceful picketing, boycotts became

legal. Injunctions against strikers became illegal.

Federal Trade Commission (FTC)—1914; “Watch Dog” agency, power to investigate possible violations or regulatory statues. 400 cease and desist orders to companies

engaged in illegal activity.

Tariffs and Taxes

Senate votes to cut tariffs. Replace the revenue that tariffs provided. 16th Amendment legalized federal income tax,

provided revenue by taxing individual earnings and corporate profits.

Larger incomes taxed larger amounts. By 1917 the government was receiving more

money on the income tax than it had ever gained from tariffs.

Federal Reserve System

Money supply and credit availability had to keep pace with the economy.

Federal Reserve Act of 1913—divided the nation into 12 districts and established a regional bank in each district. “Bankers Bank”

Issue new paper currency in emergency situations.

Still the Nations banking system.

Women Can Vote!!!

19th Amendment—granting women the right to vote.

August 1920 72 years after women had first organized and

demanded the vote at the Seneca Fall convention in 1848.

5 BONUS POINTS

What actions of Wilson disappointed civil rights advocates?