The present-subjunctive

El presente del Subjuntivo

The Indicative

Up to now you have been using verbs in the indicative mood, which is used to talk about facts or actual events.

The Indicative

Aprendo francés para mi viaje.

The Subjunctive

Spanish has another way of using verbs called the subjunctive mood.

The Subjunctive

We use it to say what one person does or doesn’t want, tell, suggest, or recommend someone else to do.

When to Use:

W – Wishes, WantsE – Emotions, feelings, thoughts I – Impersonal ExpressionsR – Requests, RecommendationsD – Doubt, Denial, DisagreementO – Ojalá (I hope to God)

The Subjunctive

A sentence that includes the subjunctive form has two parts connected by the word que.

For example:

The Subjunctive

Quiero que tú respires lentamente.

I want you to breathe slowly.

The Subjunctive

Sugiero que bebas agua antes de correr.

I suggest that you drink water before running.

The Subjunctive

El entrenador exige que los atletas estiren los músculos.

The trainer demands that the athletes stretch their muscles.

The Subjunctive

You can also suggest more general or impersonal ideas using expressions such as es necesario…es bueno…and es importante…, followed by que and a form of the present subjunctive.

The Subjunctive

Es necesario que hagas ejercicio. It’s necessary that you do exercise. Es importante que los jóvenes

coman bien. It’s important that the young people

eat well.

The Subjunctive

Note that the subjunctive sentences have two parts, each with a different subject, connected by the word que:

2 Clauses

Ella sugiere que yo aprenda francés

Independent clause(stands on its own)Subject > Verb

Separated by the word “que”

Dependent clause (can’t stand on its own)Begins with the word “que.”

Indicative Verb

Subjunctive Verb

The Subjunctive

The first subject uses the present indicative verb (recommendation, suggestion, prohibition, and so on) + que and the second subject uses the present subjunctive verb (what should happen).

The Subjunctive

Verbs that are often follewed by que + subjunctive:

Insistir en Necesitar Permitir Preferir (e > ie)

Prohibir Querer (e > ie) Recomendar (e > ie) Sugerir (e > ie)

The Subjunctive

We form the present subjunctive of most verbs the same way we form negative tú commands.

The Subjunctive

We drop the -o of the present-tense indicative yo form and add the subjunctive endings.

The Subjunctive

For -ar verbs:e, es, e, emos, éis, enFor -er/-ir verbs:a, as, a, amos, áis, an

SALTAR – to jump

salte

saltes

salte

saltemos

saltéis

salten

CONOCER – to know

conozca

conozcas

conozca

conozcamos

conozcáis

conozcan

DECIR – to say/tell

diga

digas

diga

digamos

digáis

digan

The Subjunctive

The present subjunctive has the same spelling changes and irregular yo form changes used with the negative tú commands.

Irregular Subjunctive Verbs

As in negative commands, irregular verbs that add a “g” to the stem in the present-tense yo form also have a “g” in the present subjunctive.

Irregular Subjunctive Verbs

caersedecirhacerponersalir

tenertraer

Irregular Subjunctive Verbs

hacer hag-o haga

tener teng-o tenga

Irregular Subjunctive Verbs

Also verbs ending in –car, -gar, and –zar have a spell change in order to maintain the original sound.

Irregular Subjunctive Verbs

buscar busco busque

pagar pago pague

cruzar cruzo cruce

Irregular Subjunctive Verbs

D – Dar (Dé, des, dé, demos deis den)

I – IR (vaya, vayas vaya, vayamos, vayáis, vayan)

S – Ser (Sea, seas, sea, seamos, seáis, sean)

H – Haber (haya, hayas, haya, hayamos, hayáis, hayan)

E – Estar (esté, estés, esté, estemos, estéis, estén)

S – Saber (sepa, sepas, sepa, sepamos, sepáis, sepan)

PRACTICE

1. Es necesario que tú __ (hacer) la tarea.

2. Yo dudo que ella ___ (ir) a esa fiesta.

3. Mi madre quiere que yo _______ (sacar) buenas notas.

4. Es cierto que el profesor _____ (saber) mucho.

5. Yo no creo que tú me ______ (ayudar).

PRACTICE

6. Es importante que nosotros _______ (dormir)

ocho horas por noche.

7. El profesor duda que Uds. ____(prestar)

atención.

8. Te ruego (to beg) que_______ (comer) tus

verduras.

9. Espero que Uds. _______ (estar) alegres.

10. Mi madre no duda que nosotros _________

(llegar) tarde a la casa.