The Pre-Feasibility Study for Photovoltaic / Water Pumping System In Central Vietnam Study Report March 2007 Engineering and Consulting Firms Association, Japan Shikoku Electric Power Co., Inc. Fuji Electric Systems Co., Ltd. This work was subsidized by Japan Keirin Association through its Promotion funds from KEIRIN RACE.
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The Pre-Feasibility Study for
Photovoltaic / Water Pumping System
In Central Vietnam
Study Report
March 2007
Engineering and Consulting Firms Association, Japan
Shikoku Electric Power Co., Inc.
Fuji Electric Systems Co., Ltd.
This work was subsidized by Japan Keirin Association
through its Promotion funds from KEIRIN RACE.
Central Highlands
Photos of the 1st Site Survey
Site Survey Photos 1/1
Location Gia Lai Province Mang Yang Commune
Date 09/09/2006
Description
Although there is a well, the water is not sufficient and it often is dry. Therefore, villagers have to walk approximately 500 meters to collect water from a nearby spring.
Location Kon Tum Province To Mo Rong Commune Daic Van I
Date 10/09/2006
Description
To Mo Rong commune is located approximately 3 hours from Pleiku by car. There are about 57 households and a population of 300. Villagers usually walk 300 meters to draw water from a mountain spring and usually make this trip 3 times a day. However, the commune has installed some storage tanks in certain locations. These tanks can hold of water 3m3 and are equipped with a tap for easy access.
Location Gia Lai Province Mang Yang Commune Po Dau Village
Date 12/09/2006
Description
In Po Dau village, there are 3 locations for villagers to collect water. This water comes from the mountains and there is no water shortage. There are also no significant problems with water quality and it is used for drinking, cooking, bathing, animals use and also for irrigation.
Photos of the 2nd Site Survey
Site Survey Photos 1/4
Location Kon Tum Province Dak Na Commune, Dak Re2 Village
Date 24/10/2006
Description
Dak Re2 village is located 1.5km from power distribution line and is isolated by river it has no bridge. 22 households, 91villagers Ethnic Group: Xe Dany Minority E.L.:783m N: 14°57’ 11.6’’ E:107°47’ 56.3’’ Villagers walk 1km to collect water from a river and use kerosene lamps for lighting (2 liters/month). The government provides subsidized kerosene for villagers.
Location Kon Tum Province
Date 24/10/2006
Description
For the past several years, VN government focused on the electrification of remote area. Note the distribution lines that are located in mountainous rural areas
Location Kon Tum Province Dak Lay Commune Dak King1, 2
Date 25/10/2006
Description
Dak King 1 & 2 villages are located adjacent to each other in the mountains They are 5 to 10 km from distribution line and there is no plan to be electrified in the near future. Dak King 1:42 hhs, 191villagers Dak King 2: 13 hhs, 62villagers Ethnic Group: Xe Dany Minority E.L.:1067-1210m N: 14°53’ 36.0’’ E:107°59’ 43.6’’
Kon Tum Province Dak Na Commune, Dak Re2 Vill
Power Distribution Line in Kon Tum Province
Site Survey Photos 2/4
Location Kon Tum Province Dak Lay Commune Dak King1, 2
Date 24/10/2006
Description
Pico Hydro generators are operated by villagers for lighting and TV. They can only be used in the rainy season. Kerosene Lamp
Location Kon Tum Province Dak Lay Commune Dak King1, 2
Date 24/10/2006
Description
Villagers typically obtain water from mountain springs but it is not available in the dry season. They must carry water from river one km down from village. They receive no monetary income but they cultivate rice, cassava for their personal use.
Location Kon Tum Province Dak Lay Commune Dak King1, 2
Date 25/10/2006
Description
VN government have a rural development fund also known as the “135 program”. This fund provides villages with water tanks so they may store rainwater in dry season.
Site Survey Photos 3/4
Location Dak Lak Industry Department
Buon Ma Thuot City Dak Lak Province,
Date 24/10/2006
Remark
The project team met with ID Dak Lak and requested the “list of villages that will not be electrified until 2010” and also for their assistance and support to obtain the permission to conduct our survey. They provided the list and granted the team permission two days later.
Location Dak Nong Industry Department Gia Nghia Town Dak Nong Province
Date 24/10/ 2006
Remark
Dak Nong was recently separated from Dak Lak and its new office is presently under construction. Dak Nong Industry Department was also very willing to support our survey. They sent the list in advance and obtained permission from Peoples Committee in advance. The gentleman on the left is the Director, Bien Van Minh.
Location
No.1 village Dak R Mang Commune Dak Glong District Dak Nong Province
Date 25/10/ 2006
Remark
No.1 village has only one well, from which the residents obtain their drinking water In the dry season, the well cannot provide a sufficient volume of water to meet their needs. Diameter: 2 meter Depth to water: around 10 meter
Dak Lak Industry Department
Dak Nong Industry Department
Site Survey Photos 4/4
Location
No.2 village Dak R Mang Commune Dak Glong District Dak Nong Province
Date 25/10/ 2006
Remark
Villagers are living on farms but their agricultural products are provided with little or no irrigation Due to the lack of water, human consumption is the highest priority Villagers typically obtain their water from mountain streams, however, this does not provide a sufficient amount of water during the dry season. No.2 village is located about 100 meter away from No.1 village.
Location
Krap village Dak T Pang Commune Kong Cho Ro District Gia Lai Province
Date 27/10/ 2006
Remark
Picture of local residents of Krap village. Dak T Pang Commune is located in a mountainous region, therefore climatic conditions are much different from Pleiku.
Location
Bong village Dak T Pang Commune Kong Cho Ro District Gia Lai Province
Date 27/10/ 2006
Remark
There are 5 wells located in Bong village Presently only 1 is used and the other 4 have been abandoned due to unsanitary conditions (trash disposal) The well currently in use: Diameter: 1.5 meter Depth to water: Approx. 5 meters
Photos of the 3rd Site Survey Site Survey Photos 1/1
Location Lam Dong Industry Department
Dalat City Lam Dong Province,
Date 15/01/2007
Remark
The survey team met with the Director (gentleman on the right) and also the Head of the Planning Department. The team explained the project and asked for their support and they offered to accompany us on the site survey the following day.
Location
No.1 village (Thon Pang Tieng) Lat Commune Lac Duong District Lam Dong Province
Date 16/01/2007
Remark
In Lam Dong, Village income levels were slightly higher than average at around 5 million VND per year. Primary source of income is coffee, persimmon and vegetables. Drinking water is transported to villages via a piping system that utilizes gravity as power and provided via a centrally located tap. However, the water is not available during the dry season and villager must walk 1-2 km to collect water.
Location Buon Cham Village
Easol Commune Dak Lak Province
Date 17/01/2007
Remark
NRW Germany, Solarlab Ho Chi Minh City in cooperation with the Vietnamese government established a PV site at Buon Cham village in Dak Lak project. The PV equipment was intended to supply power for a community center, water-pumping equipment and provide each habitation with a SHS.
Table 1.1 Study Team Members.................................................................................................2 Table 2.1 Target of Grid Connected Household............................................................................7 Table 2.2 Investment Plan for Rural Electrification..................................................................7 Table 2.3 Renewable Energy for Power Generation .....................................................................9 Table 2.4 Rural Electrification Rate..............................................................................................9 Table 2.5 Current Photovoltaic Systems .....................................................................................10 Table 2.6 Future Photovoltaic Installations.................................................................................12 Table 4.1 Climate Data of Vietnam.............................................................................................23 Table 4.2 List of Potential Villages in Kon Tum.........................................................................26 Table 4.3 List of Potential Villages in Gia Lai ............................................................................27 Table 4.4 List of Potential Villages in Dak Lak ..........................................................................28 Table 4.5 List of Potential Villages in Dak Nong .......................................................................28 Table 4.6 List of Potential Villages in Lam Dong.......................................................................29 Table 4.7 Drinking Water Standards Compared with Samples ...................................................30 Table 4.8 Drinking Water Standards Compared with Samples ...................................................31 Table 5.1 Village List for System Study .....................................................................................38 Table 5.2 Pre-Conditions of the System......................................................................................39 Table 5.3 Cost calculation of PV system for Pumping Equipment .............................................41 Table 5.4 Cost Calculation for Household Electrification ..........................................................42 Table 6.1 Cost Estimate for Water Pumping ...............................................................................43 Table 6.2 Cost Estimate for Household Electrification (Battery Charging Station)....................44 Table 6.3 Maintenance Cost of the Equipment ...........................................................................45 Table 6.4 Maintenance Cost and Battery Replacement...............................................................45 Table 6.5 Economical Analysis of the System............................................................................46 Table 7.1 Consideration of JBIC Guidelines...............................................................................47 Table 7.2 Expected Socio-Economic Benefits of PV System.....................................................49
List of Figures
Figure 1.1 Study Schedule .........................................................................................................2 Figure 1.2 Map of the Central Highlands...................................................................................4 Figure 2.1 Investment Plan for Rural Electrification ....................................................................8 Figure 2.2 Rural Electrification Rate ..........................................................................................10 Figure 3.1 Delegation of National Responsibilities ....................................................................18 Figure 3.2 Local Responsibilities................................................................................................18 Figure 4.1 Climate Data in Vietnam ...........................................................................................24 Figure 4.2 External appearance of PV yard ................................................................................33 Figure 4.3 Organization of the Fuji Electric PV System Project ................................................34 Figure 4.4 Outline of Project Flow for Buon Cham Village .......................................................37 Figure 5.1 Image of the Project...................................................................................................40 Figure 6.1 Water Pumping Equipment........................................................................................43 Figure 6.2 Equipment for Household Electrification (Battery Charging Station).......................44
Appendices
Appendix 1 Schedule and Interviewees
Appendix 2 Insolation Data for Vietnam
Appendix 3 Gia Lai Grid Extension Plan
Appendix 3 Summary of Program 135
Appendix 4 Formula for Water Pumping System Configuration
Appendix 5 Formula for PV Household Electrification System Configuration
Abbreviation
BCC : Battery Charging Center
BCS Battery Charging Station
CERWASS : Center for Rural Water Supply and Environmental Sanitation
DARD : Department of Agriculture and Rural Development
DOI : Department of Industry
EVN : Electricity of Viet Nam
GOV : Government of Vietnam
HCMC : Ho Chi Minh City
ID : Industrial Department
IE : Institute of Energy
IET : Institute of Environmental Technology
JBIC : Japan Bank for International Cooperation
JICA : Japan International Cooperation Agency
MARD : Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Development
MOC Ministry of Construction
MOET Ministry of Education and Training
MOH Ministry of Health
MOI : Ministry of Industry
MOSTE : Ministry of Science and Technology and Environment
NRWSS : National Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Strategy Program
PC : Power Company
PV : Photovoltaic
SHS : Solar Home System
VAST : Vietnamese Academy of Science & Technology
Executive Summary
1. Background of the study
Vietnam’s market reforms have in the last decade resulted in an economic boom and is
substantiated by its impressive annual GDP growth of approximately 8%. Even more
striking is the forecast that this trend is expected to continue. However, despite this fact the
majority of its population still lives in remote farming areas that are stricken with poverty.
This disparity is evinced by a wide income gap between urban and rural areas. The GOV is
committed to reducing this income gap and the development of these rural regions is one
method to accomplish this goal.
In the Central Highlands, both the electrification rate and the water-supply coverage
still fall below average and most of the people in the remote villages are living without
electricity and collect water from either of existing wells or mountain springs and rivers.
Regarding these villages, the team estimated the water and electricity demand and
designed equipment to provide potable water, reliable electricity and to ultimately improve
quality of life for remote villagers. The target area of the Central Highlands is including
Kon Tum, Gia Lai, Dak Lak, Dak Nong, and Lam Dong.
2. Overview of Rural Electrification and Renewable Energy in Vietnam
MOI’s Rural Electrification Policy objectives (published in 2000) that specifically relate
to decentralized power systems (off-grid power) in remote areas are as follows:
“Rural electricity supply will utilize both national power grid and off-grid power
systems”. Therefore, off-grid and mini-grids are proposed and selected when the
total cost is less than either grid extension or diesel mini-grids.
“Priority should be given to those areas that have the capacity to enhance the
agricultural productivity, modernization and economic restructuring of strategic
areas”. Emphasis for mini-grids will be on areas with productive opportunities.
Vietnam’s initial goal at the beginning of the decade was to electrify 90% of households
by the year 2010 and to achieve this task; the government invested approximately
200-300 million USD annually in grid extension and rural electrification projects. By
early 2006, Vietnam had already surpassed its initial goal; at that time 91.5% of rural
households were connected to the national grid. For villages that will not be covered by
the power grid and where it is uneconomical to expand the grid, it is anticipated that these
areas will be electrified by renewable energy.
i
As per EVN’s request, the World Bank, under its Technical Assistance activity, supported a project for renewable energy development in Vietnam. The project is named the Renewable Energy Action Plan (REAP) and was designed with a specified background aiming to assist MOI in developing the necessary instruments to enforce the activities and policy components.
3. Overview of Rural Water Supply
The quality of life for rural people in Vietnam is generally low and income generated
usually covers only the basic necessities, such as clothes and food. Their lifestyle has not
changed much despite Vietnam’s rapid economic development. Despite these challenges,
there is considerable focus by the government on rural development and water supply
improvement. Steering committees have been formed for water supply and sanitation at
both the national and local levels and rural development is considered a high national
priority.
Long-term goals by year 2010 to improve the water supply are set forth as follows:
85% of rural population will use clean water and have access to 60 LPCD
70% of rural households will have approved hygienic latrines
Most rural households have two sources of water, one for drinking and water for
washing. Piped water is uncommon and not readily available in rural areas.
Approximately 30% of households have some basic water supply system and of this, only
10% of households meet the national water standards. In the Central Highlands,
approximately 90% of the population has intestinal worms.
NRWSS suggests that a water resources monitoring system be established that utilizes
data collected from NRWSS implementation. This will help coordinate NRWSS activities
and determine the demand for local areas, not only for drinking water but also water for
other uses. Eventually, it is hoped that this will lead to better management and ultimately
the protection of water resources.
4. Site Survey
The project team requested the Industrial Departments (ID) of all five provinces to
provide data for villages that are expected not to be candidates by 2010 for the power grid
extension plan. The Industrial Departments have specific plans to expand the power grid
to remote areas by 2009. However, there are no plans to supply power to the remaining
villages after 2010. Out targeted areas are these non-electrification that are typically
ii
difficult to reach during the rainy season even by 4 WD vehicles, these areas are also a
great distance from distribution lines.
Minority groups inhabit most of the un-electrified villages. They use kerosene lamps for
lighting and some of them have Pico Hydro for small appliances such as TV and radio.
Kerosene fuel is subsidized by the local government to remote villages and received free
of charge. Inhabitants often practice subsistence farming with crops such as rice, cassava
and typically receive no monetary income.
Most of the villages have small privately owned wells with a depth of around 5-20
meters as they do not have the technology to dig deeper than 20 meters and this therefore
limits their water supply. They lift up the water by hand in most of these wells and cannot
afford diesel engines to assist with the lifting.
5. Photovoltaic Electric Power and Water Supply System Proposal
The proposed system design for this project was based on many factors. The team collected village information for targeted areas such as number of households, total population and mean water intake etc…during the site survey and also obtained it directly from the respective Peoples Committees in the Central Highlands (Gia Lai, Kon Tum, Dak Lak, Dak Nong and Lam Dong) for system design.
The team decided to focus its efforts on 37 villages; these villages consist of 5,737
households and a total population of 26,805 people. Potential sites were determined
taking into consideration the method of water collection, distance from distribution lines
and road conditions.
The team estimated the initial cost for both water pumping and house electrification.
6. Economic Analysis
According to interviews, for villager’s that own livestock or cultivate certain cash crops,
their capacity to pay for this region is around 300 yen/month. However, many poor
villagers receive no monetary income and it is impractical to assume that villagers will be
able to reimburse the initial cost of 1.412 billion Yen (about 53,000 Yen per person);
therefore, the project team recommends the government to subsidize this cost.
If the government subsidizes the initial cost of the project, villagers will be responsible
iii
for only the O&M cost. Assuming the generated power sells at a rate of 600 VND/kWh,
total power sales would be 3,706,000 Yen / year. This would result in a monthly electric
fee of about 50 yen/month. Although this is well within the their financial means, it is
recommended that villagers pay an additional 140 yen/month to act as a reserve fund to
cover system O&M. In addition, the project team also recommends that the government
also subsidize the electricity fee for poor villagers that are unable to pay. These payments
will cover the costs of any major malfunctions, battery replacement and also ensure the
long-term sustainability of this project.
7. Conclusion and Recommendation
The development of the Central Highlands in Vietnam has become a major focus area;
future project aid from various donors is expected to increase and together with Laos and
Cambodia, it is often referred to as the “Development Triangle.”
However, the team realizes that villages will remain without grid-connected power and
also continue to suffer from a lack of potable water nearly throughout the year. The local
government in the 5 provinces of the Central Highlands recommended 94 potential sites
and based on local conditions the project team then selected the 37 most appropriate sites.
The total project cost is expected to be approximately 12 million USD with energy output
totaling 1.3 MW.
Although the initial costs of the project are high and villagers often do not have the
knowledge to operate and maintain these systems, most were enthusiastic at the prospect
and agreed to pay for operational costs (approximately 1.6 USD/month) to ensure the
sustainability of the facilities. However, due to the high poverty rate and unfortunate
economic conditions, they will most likely be unable to reimburse the initial cost of the
project.
The Institute of Energy, an organization of the Vietnamese government is in the process
of drafting the “Master Plan for Renewable Energy Development.” This plan will be
completed next year (2008) and it will outline clear target areas for future rural
electrification projects. This pre-feasibility study for the Central Highlands should not be
the final step and every effort should be made for the continued investigation of this
project scheme in response to the upcoming publication.
The project team therefore recommends that this type of transfer program be included in
the next stage (full scale F/S) of the project.
iv
1 Introduction
1.1 Background and Objectives
Following its dismal economic performance in the early 1980’s, The Government of
Vietnam (GOV) enacted its “Doi Moi” program that abandoned the collectivization of its
industrial and agricultural sectors. Although it was slow to take effect, these market
reforms have in the last decade resulted in an economic boom and is substantiated by its
impressive annual GDP growth of approximately 8%. Even more striking is the forecast
that this trend is expected to continue.
However, despite this fact the majority of its population still lives in remote farming areas
that are stricken with poverty. This disparity is evinced by a wide income gap between
urban and rural areas. The GOV is committed to reducing this income gap and the
development of these rural regions is one method to accomplish this goal.
The GOV wishes to reduce the poverty rate and improve the living conditions in rural
areas by focusing on the development of the water and power supply. In order to
accomplish this task, the “National Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Strategy Program:
NRWSS,” is aiming to provide a safe and stable water supply for both for both drinking
purposes and to ease the burden of daily life. To improve the power supply, the company
“Electricity of Viet Nam” (referred to as EVN) and Peoples’ Committee of the respective
provinces are engaged in rural electrification based on the “Off-grid Rural Electrification
Project” which has already surpassed its goal of achieving a 90% rural electrification rate
for Vietnam by 2010 as the figure now stands at 91.5%. This scheme is not limited to grid
extension projects but it will also utilize renewable energy such as photovoltaic and
mini-hydro power to provide an optimal mix to meet the needs of villagers in these remote
regions.
In the Central Highlands, both the electrification rate and the water-supply coverage still
fall below average and most of the people in the remote villages are living without
electricity and collect water from either of existing wells or mountain springs and rivers.
To improve these conditions, the Peoples’ Committees in the Central Highlands, especially
in Gia Lai Province are very willing to accommodate the survey due to its prior history
1
with PV projects and the high rate of insolation in the region. Fuji Electric Systems
installed a successful PV project and carried out demonstrative research from 1997-2002.
The study team therefore determined that the possibility to install the water pumping and
supply system powered by photovoltaic that utilizes existing wells in the Central
Highlands shall be studied.
1.2 Study Team
Persons-in-charge of the study are listed below
Table 1.1 Study Team Members
No. Name Specialty
1 Hideo SEMBA Project Manager
2 Masahiro SAKURAI Photovoltaic System Plan
3 Kenichi KUWAHARA Rural Area Development Plan
4 Fumikazu DOI Water-pumping System Plan
5 Naoki YOKOTA Profitability Analysis
6 Chadwick SMITH Rural Area Development Plan
1.3 Study Schedule
(Please see Appendix A for details of travel itinerary and list of interviewees)
Ⅰ Photovoltaic System Million Yen 11 7 22 30 38 108Ⅱ Battery System Million Yen 0 0 0 0 0 0Ⅳ Pump-up System Million Yen 28 17 58 85 101 288Ⅵ Construction Work Million Yen 3 2 5 7 9 26
Million Yen 42 26 85 122 148 423Total System Cost
Number of VillageNumber of populationNumber of household
Unit Gia lai Kon Tum Lam DongDac Lak Dak Nong Total
43
(2) Initial Cost for Household Electrification (Battery Charging Station)
System configuration and cost estimate for Battery Charging Station are as follows,
Figu
Table 6.2 Cost Estimate for Household Electrification (Battery Charging Station)
initial cost of the project, it is also necessary to
compute the Operation Cost as well. Therefore, the maintenance cost is calculated by
ent by a fixed rate as follows:
Photovoltaic Array
re 6.2 Equipment for Household Electrification (Battery Charging Station)
Photovolt1 Solar Cell Module2 Controller3 Frame4 Junction Box5 Battery Charger
Battery System1 Battery
Construction Work1 Material2 Labor FeeSupervisor / Engineer / Worker
5 Oct 23 Mon Meeting (ID Gia Lai、Gia Lai Peoples' Committee)
6 Site survey(Kon Tum) Meeting(ID Dak Lak/Nong) Oct 24 Tue
7 Oct 25 Wed Site survey(Kon Tum) Site survey(Dak Nong)
Meeting(ID Dak Nong)
8 Oct 26 Thu Meeting(P-CERWASS) Meeting(ID Dak Lak)
9 Oct 27 Fri Site survey(So Pai) Meeting(PC Gia Lai)
Site survey(Dak To Pang)
10 Oct 28 Sat Prepare Documents/Briefing Materials
1 29 Sun Travel(Pleiku→Hanoi) Travel (Pleiku→HCM) 1 Oct
12 Oct 30 Mon Meeting(JICA、JBIC) Meeting(Solar Lab, VAST-IET)
Travel(Ho Chi Minh→ )
13 Oct 31 Tue Meeting(EVN-IE,MARD) Travel( →Japan)
14 Nov 1 Wed Meeting(Japan Embassy)
Travel(Hanoi→ )
15 Nov 2 Thu Travel( →Japan)
Third Site Survey
Itinerary/Activities
1 Jan 14 Sun Travel (Japan→Ho Chi Minh City)
2 Jan 15 Mon Travel (Ho C lat) Meeting (ID Lam D
hi Minh City→Daong )
3 Jan 16 Tue Site Survey of Villages in Lam Dong
a Thout) Travel (Dalat→Buon M
4 Jan 17 Wed Meeting (ID Dak Lak), Site Survey of Buon Cham Village,
5 Jan 18 Thu Site Survey Dak Lak Travel (Buon Ma Thout→Pleiku)
6 Jan 19 Fri Meeting (ID Gia Lai)
7 Jan 20 Sat Travel (Pleiku→Danang→Hanoi)
8 Jan 21 Sun Arrange Meetings and Prepare Documents
9 Jan 22 Mon Meeting (Japanese Embassy, IE)
10 Jan 23 Tue Meeting (EVN, MOI,MARD)
11 Jan 24 Wed Travel (Hanoi→Japan)
List
No. Name Specialty
of Interviewees
1 Ms. ran Hai Anh Project OfT ficer, MOI
2 Ms. Nguyen Thi Kim Kan ficer, MOI Of
3 Dr. Ph anh am Kh Toan Director, EVN-IE
4 Dr. Tra anh L nal Cooperation Department, n Th ien Chief of InternatioEVN-IE
5 Mr. Ng Tien ment R&D of Solar , EVN-IE
uyen Long General Manager of Departand Wind Energy
6 Dr. Nguy uoc ics, EVN-IE en Q Khanh Energy & Econom
7 Mr. Ho Anh Tua -IE n Electric Network Department, ENV
8 Mr. Ng The ural Eleuyen Vinh EVN-R ctrification Dept.
9 Mr. Msc Le Thie Deputy Directou Son r, MARD-CERWASS
10 Mr. Ha Duc Chinh cal an Section, MARD-CERWATechni d Technological
SS 11 g The r, VAST Dr. N uyen Dong Directo -IET
12 ts keha uty Reside etnam e
Ms. I uka I ra DepOffic
nt Rpresentitive, JICA Vi
13 Mr. Ya a Oji Office suhis ma Representative, JBIC Hanoi
14 Mr. Hi Mats Representative, JBIC Hanoi Office royasu uda
15 Mr. Trin uang D , SolarLab HCMh Q ung Director C
16 Dr. Bu g C Lab. E -IET
i Quan u Chief of VAST
nvironment and Water Analysis,
17 Mr. Hgo Van Sinh Deputy of the Chief of Provincial Secretary, eople’s CGia Lai P ommittee
18 Mr. Bui Van Tam Director, Gia Lai P-CERWASS
19 Mr. NGUYEN S Vi e Director, Gia Lai DARD on c
20 Mr. Phan Van Lan Director, Gia Lai ID
21 Mr. NGUYEN QUANG HIEN Director, Gia Lai PC
22 Mr. Vo Thanh Director, Dak Lak ID
23 Mr. Nguyen Bo Director, Kom Tum ID
24 Mr. Bien Van Minh Director, Dak Nong ID
25 Mr. Nguyen Tri Dien Director, Lam Dong ID
26 Mr. Nguyen Duc Tue Director, Department of Survey and Mapping
27 Mr. Vu Van Nghia Department of Survey and Mapping
28 Mr Nguyen Duc Cuong Head of Department, Rural Energy Development, IE
29 Mr Nguyen Ba Cuong Manager of Planning Department, IE
Appendix 2: Insolation Data for V
ietnam
Appendix 3: Gia Lai Grid Ex
tension Plan
Program 135 is a government program in Vietnam to assist the socio-economic
development of communes located in mountainous, border or remote areas. The program
is being conducted in two phases, the first phase was initiated in 1998 and phase two
commenced in 2006.
Although Program 135 is not a National Targeted Program (NTP) it is usually considered
as such. Unlike other programs that may focus on only poverty stricken areas, Program
135 specifically targets poor residents of remote mountainous areas/border regions and
areas inhabited by ethnic minorities. Phase 2 implementation is taking place 2006-2010
and a short overview of the program is provided in the following section.
Overview of Program 135 (Phase 2)
Overall
Objective
-Achieve sustainable improvement of production skills to further development the
region, reduce poverty and mitigate the inequality gap.
-In addition, it is meant to ensure the social order and political security in these
regions.
-Project goal is that by 2010, eliminate hunger stricken households in the target
areas and the number of “poor households” should be below 30% (based on the
2005 poverty line)
Appendix 4: Summary of Program 135
Program
Task
-Accelerate regional development and also shift the economic focus areas to benefit
rural areas.
-Develop infrastructure and strengthen social organization of the community that
will ultimately improve the quality of life
Scope -Phase 2 is expected to cover approximately 1,644 poor and mountainous communes
in 45 provinces, which are home to the majority of Vietnam’s ethnic minorities. This
involves all mountainous and highland provinces, any area inhabited by ethnic
minorities in the southern provinces.
Funding -The program budget is approximately $800 million and financing activities are
grouped according to four broad components: basic infrastructure; improved and
market-oriented agriculture production; improved socio-cultural livelihoods through
better access to social services; and capacity building for officials at all levels to
better implement the program.
Appendix 5: Formula for PV Water Pumping System Configuration
The output energy through 1 kW of photovoltaic system is calculated using the following formula;
P0 = R x K
P0 : Output energy per day per 1kW (kWh/day/kw)
R : Daily radiation (kWh/m2/day) 3.24 kWh/m2/day (in Pleiku)
K : Coefficient of power loss 0.617
K = K1 x K2 x K3 x K4 x K5 x K6 x K7 x K8 x K9
K1 : Temperature coefficient 0.844
K2 : Coefficient of dirt on the surface of PV module 0.980
K3 : Efficiency of storage battery 0.850
K4 : Coefficient of DC loss 0.980
K5 : Efficiency of power conditioner 0.900
K6 : Coefficient of deviation from Pmax point 0.950
K7 : Coefficient of variation of irradiation 1.000
K8 : Coefficient factor of altitude 1.000
K9 : Correction factor of surroundings 1.000
The output energy per day per 1kW photovoltaic system is 2.00 kWh/day/kW.
Configuration of proposal system
Calculation of Load DemandDriving power of a pump (P)P = 0.163γQH / ηp
where,Q : Amount of discharge [m3/min]H : Total head [m]γ : Density of liquid [kgf/l]ηp : Pump efficiency
Inverte
~ Moter PumpPV
PV
J-box Chargecontroller
Electrification System Configuration
Q = P / P0
Q : Ca
P : Nec
P0 : Ou W (kWh/day/kW)
Calculatio
The bat ary capacity is calculated with the following formula.
Appendix 6: Formula for PV Household
pacity of photovoltaic (kW)
essary electric power (kWh/day)
tput energy per day per 1k
n of capacity of battery
A battery is used to supply electric power to households in the evening and during periods
of no sunshine. Fig. 6 demonstrates a rough sketch of the electric supply system using
battery.
tery’s necess
PV
PV
J-box Battery
Battery
Calculation of Required Battery Capacity
where,Ld : Daily load demand [k
C=Ld×Df×1000
L×Vb×N×DOD×K5
Wh/day]
AC side
Df : Non-sunshine day [day]L : The rate of maintenanceVb : Nominal voltage of battery [V] N : Quantity of batteriesDOD : Depth of DischargeK5 : Loss coefficient of
Charger
Battery
Battery
Battery
Battery
ベトナム国 中部高原地域無電化村での
太陽光発電を使った地方給水/電化可能性調査
和 文 要 約
要 約
1. 調査の背景
年率約 8%の経済成長を続けているベトナム社会主義共和国(以下ベトナム)では、国民
の多くが農村部に居住しており、近年、都市部との格差が社会問題化し、農村地域の貧
困削減策が重点課題となっている。このため、ベトナムは自国補助金や各国ドナーから
の援助資金を最大限活用し、社会インフラとなる給水と電力供給による生活環境の改善
に力を入れている。しかし、少数民族が多い「北部山岳地域」や「中部高原地域」では、
依然として電化率および給水普及率が全国水準を下回っており、早急な社会経済インフ
ラ整備の最優先地域として焦点が当てられている。
今回対象とした「中部高原地域」の 5省(コンツム、ジアライ、ダクラック、ダクノン、
ラムドン)には、配電線延長による電力供給は経済的に成り立たず、電力の恩恵にあず
かれない小規模村落が未だ多数存在している。一方、同地域は月の平均日照時間が 200
時間以上と豊富な太陽エネルギーを有する地域でもある。本調査では、現地政府機関と
協力し、中部高原地域無電化村落での給水および電化の現状を調査したうえで、同地域
へ最適な太陽光発電システムの導入と電化による生活環境改善等に資する案件形成の
可能性を探ることとした。
2. 地方電化と再生可能エネルギーの現状と展望
(1) 地方電化の現状と展望
工業省により 2004年 10月に公布された「Vietnam Power Sector Development Strategy」(政