The Pigment That Controls Growth and Flowering In Many Plants
The Pigment That Controls Growth and Flowering In Many
Plants
What Is Phytochrome ?
Phytochrome is a pigment found in some plant cells that has been proven to control plant development.
This pigment has two forms or “phases” in can exist in. P-red light sensitive (Pr) and P –far red light sensitive (Pfr) forms.
The actual plant response is very The actual plant response is very specific to each specie, and some specific to each specie, and some plants do not respond at all. plants do not respond at all.
Which Wavelengths Are Photoperiodic?
The length of the night period plays a major role in determining which wavelength will be effective, as the phytochrome pigment tends to revert to Pr during long periods of darkness.
Thus the length of exposure to light in a Thus the length of exposure to light in a building, or if outdoors, the seasonal light building, or if outdoors, the seasonal light changes, affect how long the plants perceives changes, affect how long the plants perceives each form of phytochrome. each form of phytochrome.
R FR
Photoperiodic Response:
It’s all about Preferences!
Long Day Plants flower when there is adequate PR
Short Day Plants flower when there is adequate Pfr
(Fast)
Dark Reversion
Red Light
740 nm660 nm
PrPr PfrPfr
(Slow)
Far Red Light
Synthesis Destruction
Vegetative(Non-Flowering)
Reproductive(Flowering)
(Fast)
Dark Reversion
Red Light
740 nm660 nm
PrPr PfrPfr
(Slow)
Far Red LightSynthesis Destruction
Vegetative(Non-Flowering)
Reproductive(Flowering)
Mid-Summer Sunlight
Long-Day Plants Need Low Pr!
(Fast)
Dark Reversion
Red Light
740 nm660 nm
PrPr PfrPfr
(Slow)
Far Red LightSynthesis Destruction
Vegetative(Non-Flowering)
Reproductive(Flowering)
Long Night
Long-Day Plants Need Low Pr!
(Fast)
Dark Reversion
Red Light
740 nm660 nm
PrPr PfrPfr
(Slow)
Far Red LightSynthesis Destruction
Vegetative(Non-Flowering)
Reproductive(Flowering)
Sunset orFar Red Light
Long-Day Plants Need Low Pr!
(Fast)
Dark Reversion
Red Light
740 nm660 nm
PrPr PfrPfr
(Slow)
Far Red LightSynthesis Destruction
Vegetative(Non-Flowering)
Reproductive(Flowering)
Mid-Summer Sunlight
Short-Day Plant Need Low Pfr!
(Fast)
Dark Reversion
Red Light
740 nm660 nm
PrPr PfrPfr
(Slow)
Far Red LightSynthesis Destruction
Vegetative(Non-Flowering)
Reproductive(Flowering)
Short-Day Plant Need Low Pfr!
Winter Far Red
Light
(Fast)
Dark Reversion
Red Light
740 nm660 nm
PrPr PfrPfr
(Slow)
Far Red LightSynthesis Destruction
Vegetative(Non-Flowering)
Reproductive(Flowering)
LongNight
Short-Day Plants Need Low Pfr!
(Fast)
Dark Reversion
Red Light
740 nm660 nm
PrPr PfrPfr
(Slow)
Far Red LightSynthesis Destruction
Vegetative(Non-Flowering)
Reproductive(Flowering)
Black Cloth
Short-Day Plants Need Low Pfr!
(Fast)
Dark Reversion
Red Light
740 nm660 nm
PrPr PfrPfr
(Slow)
Far Red LightSynthesis Destruction
Vegetative(Non-Flowering)
Reproductive(Flowering)
Night Break
Night lighting disrupts reversion to Prand maintains vegetative status!
Photoperiod type
Short-Day(Long-Night)Long -Day(Short-Night)
Continuous long, dark period
Continuous short, dark period
Interrupted dark period
24-hour day cycle
Critical day length
Light Interruption of Darkness Affects Short- and Long-Day
Plants Differently
Questions?
The Phytochrome System Works Within The Apical Meristem
Photoperiodicresponses are triggered in the meristem (both apical and axillary), long before the new branches develop.
We can control development !
To lengthen the night, plants are covered with a blackout shade cloth. Applied in late afternoon and removed in the morning (5 pm to 8 am)
Photoperiodic shade cloth
Light penetration through the shade cloth should not be more than 2 fc in order to prevent delay in flowering and/or disfigured flowers.
SUPPLEMENTAL LIGHTING
Light sources. incandescent lamps emit large amounts of red light and are good for lighting mums (standard mum lighting) mums flower when the day length decreases to 13.5 hrs or less whenever the day length is longer than 14.5 hrs plants remain vegetative split each long night in two short nights with supplemental light to prevent flowering
The length of day has an effect on two plant processes
time of flowering plant maturity
This light-induced response is called photoperiodism, and plants that flower under only certain day-length conditions are called photoperiodic.
DAILY DURATION OF LIGHT