The Philippines and Its People

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Chapter 1

Prepared by:Anna Dominique O. QuinesBSMT2


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The Philippines is..

an archipelago lying southeast of the coast of themain island of Asia

located a little above the equator (belongs to thenorthern hemisphere)

of approximately 7,107 islands and islets (some4,000 of these have no names)

a nation with a total land area of 300,000 square km

a country with an irregular coastline that stretchesfor about 36, 289 km

a mid-ocean archipelagic state

(as submitted to the UN on March 7, 1955)


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ISLANDS

THE 10 BIGGEST ISLANDS IN THEPHILIPPINES

Luzon

Mindanao

Negros

Samar Palawan

Panay

Mindoro

Leyte

Cebu Bohol


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SURROUNDINGS

Luzon is just 100 km away from the islandof Taiwan (formerly Formosa)

North and west of the archipelago lies the

South China Sea Pacific Ocean is in the east of the country

To the south are the Celebes Sea and the

waters of Borneo


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BODIES OF WATER

Manila Bay, which has an area of 2,000square km and a circumference of about190 km, is considered as one of the finest

natural harbours in the world.

The Philippine Deep (found near Samar

and Leyte) is considered as one of thedeepest sea trenches in the world.


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MOUNTAINS

Mount Apo of Mindanao is the highestmountain in the Philippines standing atapproximately 2, 954 meters high.

Mount Dulang-dulang in Bukidnon, whichis 2, 938 meters high, is the second

highest.


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MOUNTAIN RANGES

There are three large mountain ranges inLuzon.

Western Caraballo Mountain Range runsfrom North to South and divides itself into theCentral Cordillera and the Northern Cordillera.It crosses the provinces of northern Luzon,west of the Cagayan River.


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MOUNTAIN RANGES

The Sierra Madre begins at the town of Balerin the eastern part of Quezon Province, andcrosses the provinces of Cagayan, Isabela andQuezon. It is the longest continuous mountain

range in the Philippines.

The Carabello de Baler begins from the townof Baler and ends in the strait of San

Bernardino. This mountain range includesMayon Volcano in Albay and BulusanVolcano in Sorsogon.


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SMALL MOUNTAIN RANGES

Zambales Range: begins at Cape Bolinao, follows the coast ofthe China Sea, and ends in the Bataan Peninsula.

Tagaytay Ridge: crosses the provinces of Cavite and Batangas.Mt. Makiling and Taal Volcano are parts of the Tagaytay Ridge.

Mindoro, Panay and Negros have small mountain ranges. The

highest peak in these parts are the Mt. Halcon in Mindoro andKanlaon Volcano in Negros.

Leyte and Samar are not as mountainous as the provincesmentioned above.

Mindanao has 4 distinct mountain ranges: Eastern MountainRange, Central-Eastern Mountain Range, Central-WesternMountain Range and the Western Range.


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VOLCANOES

There are many volcanoes in the Philippines, 26 of which are

considered active, while the rest are supposed to be dormantor sleeping.

The most famous of these active volcanoes are Iraya inBatanes, Taal* in Batangas, Banahaw in Quezon, Mayon*

in Albay, Bulusan in Sorsogon, Hibok-Hibokin CamiguinIsland and Makaturing in Lanao.

*have erupted for no less than 25 times; Mayon is

famous for its perfect cone shape while Taal is famousfor being the smallest volcano in the world. In 1966,Taal volcano erupted, which lead to the resettlementof the people of the Volcano Island to other places.


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EARTHQUAKES

The Philippines is within what is called the seismic belt, that is,

it lies in the path of earthquakes. Manila and many parts ofLuzon experienced several earthquakes over the yearsincluding that of 1863, which caused the destruction of manyresidential houses and government buildings and the death

of the famous priest, Father Pedro Pelaez in the ManilaCathedral; that of 1937, which destroyed many buildings inManila; that of 1968, when many buildings were partiallydestroyed while an apartment building was completelydestroyed resulting in the death of hundreds of people; andthat of 1990, which registered 7.8 on the Richter scale, killingand injuring thousands of people, and damaging about20,000 square kilometres of densely populated areas inLuzon.


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CLIMATE

Tropical and maritime climate, tempered by the breeze from the

Pacific Ocean on the east and the China sea on the west Two major seasons: dry season (extends from December to May)

and wet season (extends from June to November)

The period from late November to February is usually cool.

May is often the hottest month of the year and January is the

coldest.

Typhoons in the country can be classified into remarkable andordinary. The former have destroyed millions of pesos worth ofcrops and properties.

Typhoons and tropical cyclones most frequently enter thePhilippine area of responsibility during months of July andOctober. Some of the worst typhoons that struck the countryinclude Uring in November 1991, Rosing in October 1995, Remingin November 2006, Ondoy in September 2009, and Pepeng inOctober 2009.


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NATURAL RESOURCES The rich valleys and fertile plains are good for crops like rice, corn,

coconuts, sugar cane, bananas, pineapples, and varieties ofvegetables.

The country has enough water resource for electricity; food such asfish, seaweeds, sea shells; as well as pears for jewelry.

There is an abundant supply of minerals like gold, copper, silver,

lead, zinc, nickel, manganese and chromium, as well as non-metallicminerals like salt, clay, coal, sulphur, asbestos, limestone, gravel andgypsum.

Gum resins and lumber can be obtained from the countrys vastforests.

We also have oil called black gold. Its discovery in Malampaya,Palawan has encouraged foreign and Filipino firms to drill well for oilas its commercial exploration will greatly improve the countryseconomy.


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NATURAL RESOURCES

However, despite this natural abundance, conservationists andcivil society have expressed concern over the depletion of

forests, abuse and misuse of land resources, and threats tomarine and coastal ecosystems.

LAWS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTIONNIPAS (National Integrated Protected Areas System) Bill in 1992:now called R.A. 7586 and is premised on the concept ofinvolvement of local communities in biodiversity conservation andhabitat management. Thus, indigenous people living in the

protected areas are given responsibility over their territories andalternative livelihoods.Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999, the Ecological Solid WasteManagement of 2000 and the Clear Water Act of 2004.


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RICE

Rice is the main crop of the country and is cultivated in large

quantities in Central Luzon, Western Visayas and Mindanao.Its production, however, remains insufficient due to severalfactors.

First, destructive typhoons and floods often destroy thousands of

rice lands leading to government importation of rice.Second, the agriculture sector remains backward despite

government efforts to modernize it.

Third, the production shift to sources of biofuels such as jathropaand other cash crops, which command higher prices in the

market, has also affected the rice market in no small way.

Fourth, the massive conversion of farm lands for residential andcommercial use has also contributed to low rice productivity,not to mention the loss of farm labour.


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PHILIPPINE PRODUCTS AND

INDUSTRIES

MAJOR EXPORTS

Coconut oil

Fresh bananas Pineapples

Sugar

Gum resins and abaca

INDUSTRIES

Mining

Lumber

Metal

Woodcraft

Furniture Petroleum


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MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY

The Philippines is also among the worldssupplier of semiconductors andmanufactured goods like ignition wiring

sets and other wiring sets used in vehicles,aircrafts, and ships; cathodes of refinedcopper and microprocessors.

Clothing and clothing accessories are alsoproduced in the country.


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MARKETS

The United Statesof America

Japan

Hong Kong Peoples Republic

of China

*top 4 markets

Netherlands

Germany

Singapore

Malaysia

Republic of SouthKorea

Taiwan


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NATIONAL STATISTICS OFFICE

FIGURES

Birth rate: 26.42 births/1,000Lifeexpectancy: 67.89 (men); 73.85 (women)

Population: approximately 92 million

Literacyrate: 84%Estimated Number of Employed Filipinos: 35 million

Agriculture: 34%

Industry: 15%ServiceSector: 51%


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ETHNICITY

The majority of the Filipinos belong to theAustronesian ethnic group. Due to early tradecontacts and subsequent colonization bySpaniards and later by the Americans, Filipinos

today are a mixture of races. The offspring of aFilipino and a foreigner, whether Chinese,Spaniard or American, is called mestizo. With thegrowth of OFWs, the mestizo group hasexpanded to include Arabs, Japanese, Koreansand Europeans.


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LANGUAGE

There are around 170 spoken languages withalmost all of them belonging to the Austronesianlanguage family. Among the major languagesare Bicolano, Bisaya, Cebuano, Chabacano,

Hiligaynon/Ilonggo, Ilocano, Kapampangan,Maguindanaon, Maranao, Pangasinense,Tagalog, Tausug and Waray.

Filipino is the national language. Filipino and English are the official languages of

the country.


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THREE CO-EQUAL BRANCHES

The ExecutiveBranch

Headed by the

President and theVice President

Administers thefunctions of the

government through thecabinet that is made up

of departments andheaded by department

secretaries.

The LegislativeBranch

Led by the Senate

President andSpeaker of the House

Composed of the Senate(Upper House) and the

House of Representatives

(Lower House);responsible for enacting

bills into laws.

The Judiciary

Headed by the Chief

Justice

Consists of the systemsof courts with the

Supreme Court as the

highest court in theland.


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ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION

For administrative purposes, the Philippines issubdivided into regions and provinces, exceptfor Metropolitan Manila. Each province is headedby a governor and has its own legislative body

called SangguniangPanlalawigan. The provincesare composed of cities and municipalities. Citiesand municipalities are further divided intobarangays. A barangay is the smallest politicalunit of the country and is headed by a barangaycaptain.


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CONSTITUTION

The country has undergone 5 constitutional changessince the Malolos Constitution of 1899 which setup the First Filipino Republic with EmilioAguinaldo as president. These constitutions are:

1. the 1935 Constitution, which served as the basisfor transition Commonwealth government with

Manuel L. Quezon as president followed bySergio S. Osmea;


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CONSTITUTION

2. the 1943 Constitution of the Japanese-sponsored government which recognized theSecond Republic under President Jose P. Laurel;

3. the 1946 Constitution, which set up the ThirdRepublic under President Manuel A. Roxas,followed by Elpidio R. Quirino, Ramon F.

Magsaysay, Carlos P. Garcia, Diosdado P.Macapagal and Ferdinand E. Marcos (for his firstterm);


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CONSTITUTION

4. the 1973 Constitution that extended the term ofPresident Marcos beyond the provision of the1935 Constitution, and set up the FourthRepublic; and

5. the 1987 Constitution during the presidency ofCorazon C. Aquino (as the first president of theFifth Republic), to that of Fidel V. Ramos, the

short-lived administration of Joseph E. Estrada,that of Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo and that of thepresent president Benigno Noynoy Aquino Jr.


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DISTINCT FILIPINO TRAITS

Hospitality: most important trait of the Filipinos; welcomingvisitors with open arms and warm hearts

Closefamilyties: the trait Filipinos maintain Double burden: the problem of the family is not the problem of the

parents alone; it is the problem of all the adult members of thefamily

Respect for the elders: one of the best Filipino traits po: used by almost everybody to show respect

Sentimentalism: Filipino attribute that is shown in many

ways Pasalubong: gifts brought by a visitor to a friends house

Pabaon: food or anything given to the visitor by his/her friend whenhe/she leaves the house


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VAL U ES

Filipinos as a people have several values.

Values are those aspects in life that include

customs, traditions, etc., which the peopleregard as necessary and important in theirdealings with one another.


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VAL U ES

Pakikisama: a sense of togetherness orcomradeship; refers to doing somebodya good deed without asking for

compensation or having ulterior motive

Mabuting Makisama: a person who is

good at helping other people MasamangMakisama: a person who does

not help other people


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VAL U ES

Utang na loob or debt of gratitude: a personwho receives a favour from another,whether this person is a friend or not, isexpected to pay this debt of gratitude by

returning the favour in the same measure, ifnot, more.

Walang utang na loob or an ingrate: a personwho fails to return a favour. Ingrates are dislikedand avoided by others.


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The Philippines and Its People

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