The Personal Property and Bailment

8/13/2019 The Personal Property and Bailment

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PANHA CHIET UNIVERSITY THE PERSONAL PROPERTY AND BAILMENT

SAM Sacha ំ ចា Page 1

Contents

Part One

i/. Introduction

I. PERSONAL PROPERTY…………………………………………..2

I.1 SALES OF GOODS………………………………………………. 3

I.2 WARRANTIES…………………………………………………….6

II. BAILMENT…………………………………………………….......9

Part Two

SALE OF GOOD ់ំិ…………………..…………… ...13

WARRAINTRIES រ់ …………………………………14

BAILMENTS ើ…………………………………………………….15





Introduction

This book concentrates on the personal property and bailment from common

law (Including property law, contract Information, sale of good, real property etc.). It

has showed some definition and vocabulary that related to personal property and

bailment; how to use and implied contract to sell.

I. PERSONAL PROPERTY

Generally speaking, Personal Property is mean having to with movable property

that is anything as opposed to land and building etc. Personal property is generally

considered private property that is movable, as opposed to real property or real estate.

In the common law systems personal property may also be called chattels or

personalty. In the civil law systems personal property is often called movable

property or movables - any property that can be moved from one location to another.

This term is in distinction with immovable property or immovable, such as land and

buildings. Movable property on land, that which was not automatically sold with the

land, included for example larger livestock (wildlife and smaller livestock like

chickens, by contrast, was often sold as part of the land). There are two more that

divided from the personal property, It is called Tangible personal property and

Intangible personal property. Tangible personal property is the property, either real

or personal, capable of being possessed. Tangible property is capable of being

perceived by the senses, as distinguished from intangible property or incorporated

right in property, such as franchises, copyrights or easements. For taxation purposes,

tangible property generally refers to personal property (personalty) that has a value of

its own. Though to Intangible personal property is the property that is really a right

rather than a physical objects , for example, bank account, stock, copyright, good of

will of a business, ownership interests in partnership corporations, and claims against

others both in the tort and in contract. These in interests and claims , including checks

and promissory notes , are also called chose in action which means a claim or debtupon which recovery may be made in a lawsuits; not a present possession, but merely

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a right to sue, becoming a possessory thing only upon successful completion of a

lawsuits or which means evidences of the right to property but not the property itself.

Something that was once a movable items but that is now attached to the real

property in such a way that its removable would damage the property, and that is thus

considered part of the realty; an interest in land etc; It is known as a fixture and

becomes part of the real property when personal property is physically attached to the

real property. A built-in dish washer or a permanently installed lighting until are

example, of fixtures. In contrast, property placed on or added or rented real estate by

a tenant to aid the tenant in conducting a trade or business, such as machinery, that is

necessary to carry on the trade or the business to real property, it is called a trade

fixture, does not become part of the real property, and may be removed by the

business tenant of the tenancy.

I.1 SALES OF GOODS

Goods are known as the tangible personal property and may be defined as

anything that is movable, under the Uniform Commercial Code which is a law inevery state that governs different types of commercial transactions. The meaning of

Good In general, items of merchandise, supplies, or raw materials. In law of sales, all

things (Including specially manufactured goods) which are movable at the time of

identification to the contract for sale, other than the money in which the price is to be

paid, investment securities and thing in action. Also includes the unborn young of

animals and growing crops and other identified thing attached to realty as fixture, and

all thing which are treated as movable for purposes of a contract of storage or

transportation. In secured transactions, all thing which are movable at the time the

security interest attaches or which are fixture, but money, documents, Instruments,

account, chattel paper, general Intangible or minerals or the like (Including oil and

gas) before extraction.

If they are not yet in existence (such as fish not yet caught) , they are known

as future goods. Future goods are the goods which form the subject of a contract of





sale may be either existing goods, owned or possessed by the seller, or goods to be

manufactured or acquired by the seller after the making of the contract of sale.

If they are types of goods that are usually sold by weight or measure and are

stored in bulk quantities, such as grain or oil, they are called fungible goods. Fungible

goods are goods that are interchangeable for commercial purposes, and have

essentially identical properties. When a producer mixes originating and non-

originating fungible goods, so that physical identification of originating goods is

impossible, the producer may determine origin of those goods based on any of the

standard inventory accounting methods (e.g., FIFO, LIFO) specified in the Uniform

Regulations. These provisions apply equally to fungible materials that are used in the

production of a good.

For example, Company Y of Mexico supplies clips to airplane manufacturers

throughout North America. Some of the clips Y supplies originate in Mexico and

others are made in China. All of the clips are of identical construction and are

intermingled at Y's warehouse so that they are indistinguishable. On January 1,

Company Y buys 3000 clips of Mexican origin; on January 3 it buys 1000 clips ofChinese origin. If Company Y elects FIFO inventory procedures, the first 3000 clips

it uses to fill an order are considered Mexican, regardless of their actual origin. These

are defined as goods of which any unit is the same as any like unit.

Document of title to goods includes any bill of lading, dock warrant,

warehouse-keepers’ certificate, and warrant or order for the delivery of goods, and

any other document used in the ordinary course of business as proof of the possession

or control of goods, or authorizing or purporting to authorize either by endorsement

or delivery, the possessor of the document to transfer or receive goods thereby

represented. A sale is defined by the Uniform Commercial Code as the passing of

title from the seller to the buyer for a price. Sometimes a bill of sale is given by the

seller to the buyer, which is a signed writing evidencing the transfer of property from

one person to another. The bill of sale is a relatively simple legal document that

transfers the title of an asset from one individual or entity to a new owner. In general,

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it includes the minimum information necessary to confirm that the transfer of the

ownership of an asset has taken place. Also, the document affirms the fact that the

transaction was conducted in a manner that was agreeable to all parties involved in

the transaction. Essentially, the bill of sale today is a document that is drafted by the

seller, and is couched inn verbiage that is intended to document all the pertinent

details of the sale. Central to the structure is the names and identifying data related to

both the buyer and seller. This will always include the legal name of the buyer and

the seller, and may also include the permanent physical addresses of both parties. A

brief description of the item that is being sold will also be included.

If title is to pass at future time, the transaction is called a contract to sell rather

than sell.

A contract of sale of goods is a contract whereby the seller:

(i) transfers or agrees to transfer the property in goods

(ii) to the buyer,

(iii) for a money consideration called the price.

It shows that the expression "contract of sale" includes both a sale where the seller

transfers the ownership of the goods to the buyer, and an agreement to sell where the

ownership of goods is to be transferred at a future time or subject to some conditions

to be fulfilled later on.

The following are thus the essentials of a contract of sale of goods:

Bilateral contract: It is a bilateral contract because the property in goods

Has to pass from one party to another. A person cannot buy the goods himself.

Transfer of property: The object of a contract of sale must be the transfer of

property (meaning ownership) in goods from one person to another.

Goods: The subject matter must be some goods.

Price or money consideration: The goods must be sold for some price,

where the goods are exchanged for goods it is barter, not sale.

All essential elements of a valid contract must be present in a contract of





sale.

A gift, in the law of property, is the voluntary transfer of property from one person

(the donor or grantor) to another (the donee or grantee) without full valuable

consideration. In order for a gift to be legally effective, the donor must have intended

to give the gift to the donee (donative intent ), and the gift must actually be delivered

to and accepted by the donee. a gift is not a sale, because the person receiving the gift

pay no price to the person making the gift(the donor).

A bulk sale, sometimes called a bulk transfer, is a sale of goods by a business that

represents all or substantially all of its inventory to a single buyer unless such a sale

would be common in the ordinary course of its business. In order to protect the

purchaser from claims made by creditors of the seller, the seller must usually

complete an affidavit outlining its secured and unsecured creditors. The affidavit

must usually be filed with a government department, such as a court office. Such

procedures are outlined in the bulk sales act of most jurisdictions. If the buyer does

not complete the registration process for a bulk sale, creditors of the seller may obtain

a declaration that the sale was invalid against the creditors and the creditors may take

possession of the goods or obtain judgment for any proceeds the buyer received from

a subsequent sale.

I.2 WARRANTIES

In business and legal transactions, a warranty is an assurance by one party to the

other party that specific facts or conditions are true or will happen; the other party is

permitted to rely on that assurance and seek some type of remedy if it is not true or

followed.

The two sources of risk that warranty covers are: the risk of malfunctioning of the

product (covered by the warranty of malfunctioning) and the risk of making a wrong

purchase decision regarding the product (covered by the warranty of misinforming).

A warranty of malfunctioning is an agreement offered by a seller (or a producer) to a

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consumer to replace or repair a faulty item, or to partially or fully reimburse the

consumer in the event of a failure. In recent times the impact of the risk of product

malfunctioning and the warranty of malfunctioning have been well understood and

analyzed by researchers and practitioners. Lately, due to the growing volume of

indirect commerce (e.g., online shopping), an increasing impact of the risk of

misinforming on business transactions has been observed. A better understanding of

the risk of misinforming and development of appropriate new tools and methods for

analyzing the warranty of misinforming are needed.

In real estate transactions, a general warranty deed is an agreement that the buyer's

title to a parcel of land will be defended. A limited warranty deed, on the other hand,

is a promise that the title will be defended against a limited set of claims which is

usually claims arising from incumberances executed by the grantor. Thus, a general

warranty deed binds the grantor to defend the title against all claims even those

arising from previous owners; whereas, a limited warranty deed typically only binds

the grantor to defend the title against claims arising from when the grantor held title

to the property. A limited warranty deed is the deed of choice for banks when selling

foreclosed properties. A warranty may be express or implied, depending on the

product.

In common law jurisdictions, an implied warranty is a contract law term for

certain assurances that are presumed to be made in the sale of products or real

property, due to the circumstances of the sale. These assurances are characterized as

warranties irrespective of whether the seller has expressly promised them orally or in

writing. They include an implied warranty of fitness for a particular purpose, an

implied warranty of merchantability for products, implied warranty of workmanlike

quality for services, and an implied warranty of habitability for a home.

The warranty of merchantability is implied, unless expressly disclaimed by name,

or the sale is identified with the phrase "as is" or "with all faults." To be

"merchantable", the goods must reasonably conform to an ordinary buyer's

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expectations, i.e., they are what they say they are. For example, a fruit that looks and

smells good but has hidden defects would violate the implied warranty of

merchantability if its quality does not meet the standards for such fruit "as passes

ordinarily in the trade". In Massachusetts consumer protection law, it is illegal to

disclaim this warranty on household goods sold to consumers etc.

The warranty of fitness for a particular purpose is implied when a buyer relies

upon the seller to select the goods to fit a specific request. For example, this warranty

is violated when a buyer asks a mechanic to provide snow tires and receives tires that

are unsafe to use in snow. This implied warranty can also be expressly disclaimed by

name, thereby shifting the risk of unfitness back to the buyer.

Another implied warranty is the warranty of title, which implies that the seller of

goods has the right to sell them (e.g., they are not stolen, or patent infringements, or

already sold to someone else). This theoretically saves a buyer from having to "pay

twice" for a product, if it is confiscated by the rightful owner, but only if the seller

can be found and makes restitution.But there is an implied condition that the goods

are reasonably fit for the purpose for which they are required if:

(i) the buyer expressly or Impliedly makes known the intended purpose, so as

to show that he relies on the seller's skill and judgment, and

(ii) the goods are of a description which it is in the course of the seller's

business

to supply (whether he be the manufacturer or not). There is no such condition

if the goods are bought under a patent or trade name.

For example1, In Priest v. Last (1903), a hot water bottle was bought by the

plaintiff, a draper, who could not be expected to have special skill knowledge with

regard to hot water bottles, from a chemist, who sold such articles. While being used

by the plaintiff's wife, the bottle bursted and injured her. Held, the seller was

responsible for damages.

For example 2, In Grant v. Australian Knitting Mills (1936), 'G' purchased

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woollen underpants from 'M' a retailer whose business was to sell gCJods of that

description. After wearing the underpants, G developed some skin diseases. Held, the

goods were not fit for their only use and 'G' was entitled to avoid the contract and

claim damages.

I. BAILMENT

Bailment describes a legal relationship in common law where physical

possession of personal property, or a chattel, is transferred from one person (the

'bailor') to another person (the 'bailee') who subsequently has possession of the

property. It arises when a person gives property to someone else for safekeeping, and

is a cause of action independent of contract or tort. Bailment is distinguished from a

contract of sale or a gift of property, as it only involves the transfer of possession and

not its ownership. To create a bailment, the bailee must both intend to possess, and

actually physically possess, the bailable chattel. Bailment is a typical common law

concept although similar concepts exists in civil law.

There are three types of bailments:1/.for the benefit of the bailor and bailee

2/.for the sole benefit of the bailor; and

3/.for the sole benefit of the bailee.

Examples

A bailment for the mutual benefit of the parties is created when there is an

exchange of performances between the parties (e.g. a bailment for the repair of an

item).

A bailor receives the sole benefit from a bailment when a bailee acts

gratuitously (e.g. a restaurant, a bailee, provides an attended coatroom free of charge

to its customer, the bailor).

A bailment is created for the sole benefit of the bailee when a bailor acts

gratuitously (e.g., the loan of a book to a patron, the bailee, from a library, the bailor).


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Bailment can arise in a number of situations, and is often described by the type

of relationship that gave rise to the bailment. Several common distinctions are:

Voluntary vs. Involuntary. In a voluntary bailment, the bailee agrees to

accept responsibility for possession of the goods. In an involuntary bailment, the

bailee has possession of the goods without intent to do so. A common situation that

creates voluntary bailment is when a person leaves goods with someone for service

(e.g., dry cleaning, pet grooming, car tune-up). The bailee must hold the goods safe

for the bailor to reclaim within a reasonable time. An involuntary (or constructive)

bailment occurs when a person comes into possession of property accidentally or

mistakenly, as where a lost purse or car keys are found and need to be protected until

properly redelivered – a bailment is implied by law.

For consideration vs. gratuitous. NO: If a person agrees to accept a fee

or other good consideration for holding possession of goods, they are generally held

to a higher standard of care than a person who is doing so without being paid (or

receives no benefit). Consider a paid coat-check counter versus a free coat-hook by

the front door, and the respective obligations of the bailee. Some establishments even post signs to the effect that "no bailment" is created by leaving your personal

possessions in their care, but local laws may prevent unfair enforcement of such

terms (especially attended car parks).

Fixed term vs. indefinite term. A bailor who leaves property for a fixed

term may be deemed to have abandoned the property if it is not removed at the end of

the term, or it may convert to an involuntary bailment for a reasonable time (e.g.,abandoned property in a bank safe, eventually escheats to the state, and the treasurer

may hold it for some period, awaiting the owner). However, if there is no clear term

of bailment agreed upon, the goods cannot be considered abandoned unless the bailee

is given notice that the bailor wishes to give up possession of the goods. Frequently,

in the case of storage of goods, the bailee also acquires a contractual or statutory right

to dispose of the goods to satisfy overdue rent; a lawful conversion of bailed goods.

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A mutuum was a loan for consumption. It was the oldest contract in re,

growing in importance after 326 BC when the lex Poetalia was passed. It could be

used by people without the right of commercium – a package of rights to participate

in the ius civile and to undertake remedies. It involved the delivery of certain types of

fungible goods, such as money, food, and drink. Ownership was transferred, as was

possession. In a strict sense then, because ownership passed, it should not be

considered a loan. The mutuum obliged the borrower not to return the thing itself,

because its use would involve consumption, but a similar thing in quantity, quality

and size.

The lender had a condictio action for the value of the thing if a similar

thing was not returned as described. It was stricti iuris ("strict law") – the lender

could not claim interest] Despite this, it became the standard arrangement for

moneylenders in the Roman republic. Interest would instead have to be given in a

stipulatio, an additional contract. Rates of interest were heavily regulated by the state.

As a mutuum did not place on the borrower any specific date on which to return the

equivalent thing, this would also be given in a stipulatio if required. In the later law,the stipulatio replaced mutuum completely.

The borrower was bound to return the equivalent thing. As owner, he

bore liability for loss, theft, or damage; they were irrelevant to his liability for the

thing. Two exceptions were made, where repayment would be dependent on the

success of the operation: the financing of a cargo ship, and the sponsorship of a

professional athlete. Neither was liable if they did not succeed; the risk was born bythe lender. Mutuum was unilateral and did not place the lender under any obligations

or duties.

It is called a mutual benefit bailment when both the bailor and the bailee

benefit from the transactions. For example, when someone leaves a watch with a

jeweler to be repaired, the watch owner receives the benefit of having the watch

repaired, and the jeweler receives the benefit of being paid for the service rendered.

In this type of bailments, the bailee owner a duty to use ordinary care toward the

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property and would be responsible for ordinary negligence if the goods are lost or

damaged.

one that occurs when care and custody of the bailor’s property is accepted by

the bailee without charge and without any consideration or expectation of benefit or

one in which no consideration is given by one of the parties in exchange for the

benefit bestowned by the other. It may be either for the sole benefit of the bailor or

the bailee. For example, if someone stores his or her car in a garage for safekeeping

while away on a trip, it would be a bailment for the sole benefit of the bailor. In this

type of bailment, the bailee owes a duty to use only slight care over the property and

would be responsible only for gross negligence, because he or she is receiving no

benefit. When someone loans a car or other item to friend, conversely, it is a

bailment for the sole benefit of the bailee. Here, the bailee owes a duty to use great

care with the property and would be responsible for slight negligence in the event of

loss or damage to the bailed property.

A tortious bailee is one who has wrongful possession of another’s goods. For

example, a person who takes another’s goods without authority, or keep another’sgoods after they should be returned, or used another’s goods for a purpose other than

agreed on is a tortious bailee.

THE END of Part One

ភគ២ Part Two)





ចលទពយ ិោល ចលទពយឺជវ ីៗែដជមថ មិធ ិៅីយ។យ ែដ ិ ៉ ព់ ែជម ែ ំៀពំ ់ឬ ត ។ទ ិ ិឺជយែដិែឹ ោ ិ ិ ិ៉ ព់ែជមិធ ិន ីម ិ ំឹវ ីៗ ំន ហំែឋបីំន ិា ។

ិធ ិ ិ ំ៉ែដ ំដ ិ ណ ័ ់ ៏

ូ ថ ជ់ន ត ឹ ែដ័ យស ិធ ិំព៉យដតិដ យ។

យូភ ់ោឹយ អចលទពយ ំ

ភ ់ោ័វ ហើ ជដនយ ។

ោល់ច ែដភ ់ឹ ឬ ំភ ់ ោិត ៍ ជឺឧហ៍យ ំភ ់ោ័វ ។ ែដ ៉ ំន ភ់ ់ ជ ថ ែ ជីែដចំ់ឹតត ពិម ឬំឹ យដថ ំភ ់់ិាីម ិ ជថ ហើ ូ

ែោ៉ំ៉ ា់ម

។

sale of goodsកល

ពិមឯឋ ែដជ់ ិន ែឋីៗ ែដ់ សៗ ិាំ៉យូដំិ ហើូំ់ជវ ីៗែដ វ ើ។ំិរ់ា ំវែដិ់ើ ែំំំល ់ ិ ថ ែដដជ

អចលទពយែ ជែើើ ឬដជែើ ។ ិើិជ់ំិើ(ែជីិ់ច់) ំិ។ ិើជ ំិែដដដូ់ោ ឹ ឬោ់ំ ែជ់ជ ិ ំិ

ែដំន ។ហើំិែដំន ូំ់ ជំិែដ

ន ់ ីៗែន ន ឯ។ ហើុំ់ោ់ពិម ឯឋ ែជ ិធ ិម ិធ ិីន់និំ។ ៉ ិក់ូ់ឲយនិ ែដជិិជលខ ័សោ

៉ ហតែើបី ់ីទយ ីសន ់សន ់ៀ ។





ិើិធ ិមិធ ិូ ិាំិា់ិដ់ ។ំិដជ់ ីព៉ែដំ (នំ) ិ់ឲយនែដនឲយំ (នវ ើំ

) ៉ ។

៉ ំឹ់ន ត ំិ ឹគ់គំ ន ិាំ។ ់៉ដទំ ែដំ់ជទិដ ន ែំើ មន ីមិដនំើ ដនែ៏ំ ៉គ់គំិ ឬ៏ន ា ីើ្័សៗ ់ហើ។ ែដវ ើទំរ់ ហើ់ឥនទ ូដ ឲ់យំិទែដឹើ ់១០ៃ ិទើើ។

ិិឲែយំឹ៉ត់លឲយឥិើ់ែើបើ ភ ់ំិិទ។ ន ិី៉ ឥំិ ែដ់ចដ់់លឹិ់ ែដដំព់។

Warranties កធនរបង

ន់ំិំឡ ដដិ

់ោឬ

៍គហំីំិ ។ ៉រ់ជល់ ់ ហើើើ

ន់វ ើ៍ គហឬ វ ើ ំីំិ ិ៍ំីំិឬង ំ ំិែដជដន ិាំ។

់ហ័ធែដរ់ ំព៉ំិិន់ូដ ឬ ំ ិ ោិិឲយនិំិែដវ៉ ៉ឬត់ិិើ ិំិែ ។ រ់ជល់ ់ ែដិូដ

ោ់ ម ៉ រ ំ ់ ែដតោ់ិដ ូត់ោន់ោម័ិត៉។ ២ ឺ១ រ់ើភ់ ិ២ រ់ំ់ិ់ំិ ។ រ់ើភ់ ូក ើើ ែដែដពិម់ំិ ។ ិូត់ោ

ភីឯ ំនូ ំិ់ំឹlំ

ែដូើ។ ែំើ មពិម ឬនែដំ៉ែឹ ឬំ

ឹ ំិំ៉។





រំ ិ់ំិ ូក ើ និឿជ់ើំ ឹ ិិឆ ័់ន់ ន ើើំិ ។

ើើ ន់រ់ោ ី ំិួឹំ ែដូើ ់ ។ រ ់ ោ ី ើដោន់ ោ ់ន ដែដងើើជ ិ ី ៉ ឬោ ន ័ខ្័ឹីដជ់ដត ឬជហំ ំ់ ើិិ់ំិ ។ិរ់ា រ់ំ៉ ិ៉ ព់ រ់់ល់ ូវ ើើ់ំិ់ិិ។ រ់ សៀែដូក ើើោន់ំិំ ់ ៉៉ ី ពិ ឬិដ

ពិ៏ោ រ់ើិធិ មិធ ិ៉ រ់ិធ ិមិិធ ូង ឲយើអ ំិ ទ ឺ ់ ហើ៏ម ិធ ិឃ់ំិ ោិែឹ៉ើ ។

ិែរ ់ ោ ី ៉រ់ ិិធមិធ ិ ិើដ

ន់ើ ។

Bialments ប្ើ ើើើហែដសោ ់ យ ់ ន ភ៉នន ់ៀ ោន ំទិធ ិ មិធ ិឲយន៉ ។

ើើើ ែដនន ់ ត វ ័ត ិឲយឬីឲយនិា ី ឬដីឹ់ិត ័៉ ត ហ៍ ។នែដំិ ហើោ់ន ភ៉នែ៏ៀឺនើ។

នែដភ៉ំិ ំឡ ឺជនើ ។ ិដជើ

នន ់ា ីវ ីែជ កដ ហើំ ី ិែន

ំិ ីព៉ំិិ ែដូា ីឹ ិូ់ ិ ។

ំឲយើ វ ី ា ី៉ិាា ី ។ ូើែដ ើ ំីិាំែន ។ ឧហ៍នន ់ិហើ ជំី ត់ ។

ន ើដ៉ នើជ់វិាដ ជមជយបត ិ ឹូំព៉វ ើដហ ិើំិូ់ឬ់ ូ ។





ើជើែដម ន ូត់ោភីន ំ ភីំឡ ន ត ំែដូត់ោនសៀ ជ ំផត ់់នញ ើ

ឬនើ។ ឧហ៍ ិើនន ់ ត ់ ន ោឋ ់ិត័តែើបើដថ ិភ ច ំត ជើដរំ់ដំ ផត ់់នញ ើ ។ន ើដ៉ នើជ់វិា ដំិ ើយបត ិហើូ ំព៉វ ើដហំៗដ ណ ៉ ីព៉ិំវ ី ។ ទ ិ នន ់ ឲយិតត ័ា ី ីឬ់ សៗៀ ជើ ់ដំផត ់ ់នើដ ណ ៉ ។

៉នើជ់វិាដំ ំំព៉យបត ិ៉ ហើូំព៉វដហ ិន ឹត៍ ់់ ឬំព៉យបត ិែដញ ើ។ នើែដកហំែឋបី ជឺនែដភ៉់ើំិ់នែ៏ ។ ឧហ៍ សន ់ ែដំិ់ែដម ឬល់ំិ់ ទ ់ីំិ ំ៉វ ិឲយា ់ែើ ិ ឬើ់ំិ់ ន ំស ី់ ន ីន៉ជនើែដកហំ ែឋបី ៕

The End Of Part Two

THE END





ង Reference)

www.qustlii.edu.au

www.en.wikipedia.ogr

BOOK: English- Khmer Law Dictionary First Edition 1997)

BOOK : LEGAL TEMINOLOGY by Gordon W.Brown

http://www.qustlii.edu.au/


http://www.en.wikipedia.ogr/




The Personal Property and Bailment

Documents